各位帮帮忙 主谓一致总结: 1.谓语动词只能用单数的有: 2谓语动词只能用复数的有:
glasses:谓语动词用复数;
a pair of glasses:谓语动词用单数。
像trousers裤子,glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,shoes鞋子等词总是以复数形式出现,当它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。但如果这些名词前有a/this/that pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Your glasses are on the desk. 你的眼镜在课桌上。
The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下的那双鞋是他的。
扩展资料
谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致,因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数。
1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。例如:
Which are your bags?/All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,例如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数)。例如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致,句子的主语是第三人称单数时,其谓语需用单数形式;主语是复数时,则谓语动词用其复数形式。一、主谓一致的三原则 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾,当发生冲突时,意义一致原则则为优先考虑的原则。1、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。例:Mr. Black is a well-know scientist on AIDS.布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。These books are intended for children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。2、意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语表达的单、复数概念而定的。例:Three moths has passed since you left.(three months表示单数概念。)自你走后已有三个月了The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.(教授与作家是同一个人,是单数。)这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。The old are very well taken care of in our city.(the old是指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数概念。)老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。3、就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。例:Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)不是杰克二十他父母应为这个家庭事故负责。
二、单一主语的情况 单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语。其主语与谓语一致情况如下。1、不定代词作主语⑴不定代词作主语 不定代词either,neither,each,one,the other,another,someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody ,everything,nothing,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例:Someone has parked the car in the way.有人把车停在了路上,挡住了去路。注意:none作主语时如果指人或可数的物,指数目,谓语动词单复数形式皆可;如果指不可数指量,谓语动词用单数。例:None of the students has\have made mistakes this time.这次没有一个学生犯错误。Jimmy has used up all the money.None is left.吉米把所有的钱都用光了,一点没留。⑵neither\either of…作主语 neither\either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。例:Either of the two stories is \ are interesting.这两个故事都很有趣。Neither of us has \ have received postcards this Christmas.今年圣诞节我们两人谁也没收到贺卡。⑶the other two(…)等短语作主语 the other two(…),the other three(…),another two(…),both等作主语,谓语动词用复数。例:I keep only one apple for myself,and the other two are yours.我只留了一个苹果,另外两个给你。Five people come to help,but anther three were still needed.已经有五个人来帮忙了,但我们还需要另外三个。I'm very delighted that both are what we need.我们很高兴两个都是我们所需要的。⑷all作主语指人时,谓语动词用富士,指物时常用单数。例:All are present besides the professor.所有的人都出席了,包括All is going on very well.一切顺利。⑸each修饰的名词作主语 由each修饰的名词作主语,each谓语复数主语后或主语前,不影响谓语动词的数例:Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening.每个学生都有一个单放机,这对提高他们的听力大有帮助。⑹such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。2、集合名词作主语⑴谓语动词只能用复数的情况 有些集体名词,如people,cattle,police等形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词需用复数。⑵谓语动词单复数皆可的情况 集合名词,如audience(观众),army,class,crew(船员)等作主语时,若作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数;若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时,谓语就该用复数。⑶表示国家、民族的名词作主语的情况 有些以-sh,-ese,-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数。3、以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语⑴以-ics结尾的学科名称名词作主语 以-ics结尾的标识机学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语用单数。例:Mathematics is the science of numbers.数学史关于数字的学科。注意: 以-ics结尾是表示学科名称的名词作主语时,若改变词义表示学可能力士,则用复数形式。例:Her mathematics are weak.他的数学能力很差。⑵形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语 专有名词如国名、任命、书名、组织机构等作主语时,形式上即使是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。⑶以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语 以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。⑷以复数形式结尾的其他名词作主语①谓语动词只能用复数形式 此类名词有:savings储蓄belongings财产、所有物、相关事物earnings所得,收入thanks 感激goods货物leavings剩余、残渣clothes衣服②单复数同形的名词作主语 下面这些名词作主语时,谓语动词根据其单复数而定:means方法、手段works工厂sheep鹿crossroads十字路口4、含有修饰语的名词作主语⑴含有量词的名词作主语①量词修饰由对应两个部分组成的名词一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers,pants,glasses,scissors等作主语,前面若无a pair of,a suit of,a set of ,a series of等这类的单位词时,通常作复数用。若带有单位词,则由单位词的复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。②特殊量词修饰普通名词含有像pile(堆),mountain(如山一样),row(排),mass(很多),cup,basket, box,等修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定⑵a group of和a couple of修饰复数名词 此时谓语动词用复数形式。⑶a number of,意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数时谓语动词一般也用复数:the number of意思为“……的数目”,作主语时,谓语只用单数。⑷several等词作主语或修饰名词作主语 只修饰可数名词的量词several,a few,quite a few,a great many(of…)作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;其修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词也应用复数形式。⑸some等词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语注意: a quantity (of),(large)quantities(of)作主语或修饰的名词作主语时,其谓语动词根据quantities的单复数形式而定。 some,plenty of,a lot(of),lots(of)等词即可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,其谓语的形式应根据其所修饰的词而定。⑹修饰不可数名词的量词作主语胡修饰名词作主语 a great\good deal(of),a little,quite a little,a large amout(of)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语时,其谓语动词只用单数形式。⑺more(…)than one修饰的名词作主语 “more than one+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语也需用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。在“more+复数名词than one"结构之后,谓语常用复数。注意: more than one hundred指代复数作主语或修饰的可数名词复数作主语is,谓语动词用复数形式。⑻many a修饰的名词作主语 ”many a+单数名词“作主语,尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语也需用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。⑼one or two,a…or two修饰的名词作主语 one or two后接复数名词,谓语要用复数。但在”a\an+单数名词+or two"结构之后,谓语却常用单数⑽the rest(of…)等作主语 当the rest(of…),the remaining,part(of…)等词或短语作主语时,或他们所修饰的名词或代词作主语时,其谓语动词应根据所表达的名词的单复数而定。
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意:① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意: a number of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“…的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式, 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如: “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。
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贝钧金利: 主谓一致(Agreement of Subject and Verb)是指谓语动词必须同主语的人称和数保持一致,它一直是大学英语四级考试的考查重点.主谓一致原则看起来很简单,但实际运用情况却很复杂.本文对四级考试中经常考查的主谓一致关系的一些特...
庆安县17272259772: 主谓一致的语法要点是什么??
贝钧金利: 主谓一致就是主语要能够承担得起谓语,主语是第几人称,谓语也要相应的变化,比如说:she said that she's in trouble during the swimming (她说游泳的时候她遇到了困难),换做你来说的话就是:I told that …(我说过她他在游泳的时候遇到了麻烦).这个是我个人的了解,具体用到情景里的时候也就清楚了
庆安县17272259772: 主谓一致详细讲解 - ?
贝钧金利:[答案] 主谓一致主要针对一般现在时态:(人称做主语)1.Be动词I am student我 是学生he/she is student 他/她 是学生We/you/they are students. 我们/你(们/)他们 是学生2.助动词I do/have/She/he d...