初一上学期地理（商务星球出版）重点，不要太多啊，不要超过2000字。O(∩_∩)O谢谢

求初一上学期英语作文 60词左右 不要太多~

I have nine little goldfish .Eight goldfish are all orange and one is black .I like the black one best. We call it Xiao Hei .Its body is black .It has two big and round eyes, a small mouth ,and a big tail. Though it’s very small ,it swims fast .

I often feed them and change water for them. We are good friends .
我有九条小金鱼。八条金鱼都是桔黄色的，只有一条是黑的。我最喜欢那条黑的。我们叫它小黑。它全身都是黑色的。它有两只又大又圆的眼睛，一张小嘴和一条大尾巴。尽管它非常小，但它却游得很快。我常常去喂它们，给它们换水。我们是好朋友。


（2）

The Spring Festival
Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West. The dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February.
To the ordinary Chinese, the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year's Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. But the 15th of the first month, which normally is called the Lantern Festival, means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country.

（3）


The spring festival is a very important festival for the chinese. On the eve of the spring festival, we usually eat dumplings and watch the tv, some people also setoff fireworks.
Before, there is a dragon called 'nian' and every year on the eve of the spring festival, 'nian' comes and eats people, so every year people setoff fireworks to scare off 'nian'.
I love this year's spring festival!


春节是一个非常重要节日为中国人。 在春节的前夕，我们通常吃饺子并且也看春节联欢晚会, 还有许多人放烟花。
以前，有个龙称‘年’每年在春节的前夕， ‘年’来并且吃人，人扣除烟花那么每年把‘年'吓跑’。
我爱今年春节!

（4）

Musician Wanted
Come and join the Music Club in our school!Can you sing and dance?Can you play the piano or the guitar?Can you beat a drum or blow a trumpet ? If your answers are "yes",call Jim now!Tel:010--62876929 .

(5)
There are four people in my family,my parents,my bother and I.My family is pretty good. I’m really happy.

My brother is shy and funny. He is good at sports and does well in volleyball.But he hates studying and his grades are bad. He like telling jokes. He always plays jokes on his friends and my family, and always makes us laugh.

My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital of Sanya. He doesn’t like watching TV, but he likes reading newspaper and read it every night.

My mother is a waitress. She works in a restaurant. She has good habits. She likes eating vegetables and drinking milk every day. But I don’t like milk. It is awful. She likes watching Beijing Opera at free time. She says it’s good for her to keep young and it can make her relaxed.

My families are always doing what is best for me.They are always on my side.

I love each person in my family. I love my sweet warm home.

我的家有4个人:我的父母,我的哥哥,和我.我的家庭很棒,我很快乐.

我的哥哥害羞而有趣.他很擅长运动并且在排球运动上犹为突出.但他不喜欢学习并且成绩不好.他喜欢讲笑话,经常和朋友和家人开玩笑并且总能使我们发笑.

我的父亲是一位医生.他在三亚的一家医院工作.他不喜欢看电视,但他很喜欢看报纸并且总是看到很晚.

我的母亲是一位侍者.她在一家餐厅工作.她有良好的习惯.她喜欢每天吃蔬菜和喝牛奶,但我不喜欢牛奶,它遭透了.空闲时间她喜欢看京剧,她说那有利于她保持年轻并且可以使她放松.

我的家人总是做一切对我有利的事.他们总是站在我这边.

我喜欢我的每一个家庭成员,我喜欢这个温暖的家.

(6)

My father is the man I respect most. Stern as he may be, he never fails to show his care and consideration. Once I broke a neighbor's window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately. When Dad came home, he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what had happened.


I could only tell him the truth. Rather than scold me, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor. I learned from this episode that not only does Dad take care of our health but he also teaches us how to be good citizens. How lucky I am to have such a good father!

(7)
My favorite movies
Hello,boys and girls!My name is Jenny.I'm 14-year-old.My birthday is on October 31st.I'm a movie fan.I like action movie and science movie. My favorite actor is Jackie Chan.He is a great action actor. He has many movies . For example.The Around the World is 80 Days,Rob-B-hood andRush Hour.These movies are very exciting. I really like Rob-B-hood very much,because they are exciting.
I like action movie movies very much.

(8)
Myself(自我介绍)
Hello,everyone!(大家好。)My name is Li Yida.(我叫李依妲)I am a girl.(我是一个女孩。)I come from Sichuan.(我来自四川。)My birthday is April 11.(我的生日在4月11日。) My family has three people。（我家有三个人。）They are my father, mother and I.（他们是我的爸爸，妈妈和我。）I like sports very much.(我非常喜欢运动。)I often play ping-pong everyday with my father.(我经常在下午和我爸爸打乒乓球。)I like Strawberries, apples, oranges and vegetables .(我喜欢草莓，苹果，橘子和蔬菜。)I like watching movies.(我喜欢看电影。)I like comedies and action movies .(我喜欢喜剧和动作片)I think comedies are funny.(我认为喜剧很有趣。)And action movies are exciting。（动作片令人兴奋。）I am a student.(我是一个学生。)So I have many classes.(所以，我有很多科目。)I like Chinese and Math.(我喜欢语文课和数学课)Because I think Chinese is interesting.(我认为语文课很有趣。)And I really like my Chinese teacher.(我很喜欢我的语文老师。)I think Math is easy.(我认为数学课很容易。)

(9)
nowadays in china, many students are the only child in their family. they are the apple of their parents' eyes or even their granparents', so they are free of any house work or menial labor. and moral education is no more than some bookish thing. studentsare largely dependent on their parents and teachers.
to educate them to be independent, the most effective way is to let them experience on their own. therefore,they are better to be given the opportunity to get some train at school-to clean the washing room,which can be regarded as part of the moral education

(10)
I love English very much. Because I have a good teacher. The teachers are very important for students. I am a luckly dog because my teacher is Miss Fu. She likes tall. She has long black hair. She often wears clean and nice clothes.
The first day of new team. She says she would like to make friends with us. In fact, she is nice to everybody. too, we all like her.
Miss Fu likes working very much. She often surfs the Internet, and looks for some good questions. She buys lots of books about English by herself. Some students usually borrow them from her. One day, Miss Fu's fingers are bad, they are unhealthy. She still writes so many on the blackboard. She teaches us well. She always goes to home later than other teachers. Because lots of students need her to give them a hand. Miss Fu answers their questions carefully. She teaches her students how to learn English well in many ways.
This is our teacher. What a good teacher she is!

XX老师，各位同学：
大家好！今天我很荣幸能够站在这里，我想竞选的职位是地理课代表。我从小就对地理有着浓厚的兴趣，也去过不少风景名胜。因此，我想竞选地理课代表。当然，作为课代表，光凭兴趣也是不够的，这需要一种责任感。这点请大家放心，如果我有幸能当选，我一定会协助老师，带领大家把这门课学好。如果我没能当选，那么肯定有更优秀的同学担任，这对于大家来说也是好事，我一定会积极配合，不会有丝毫的消极情绪。期待大家能投我一票，谢谢！

1、 地图的种类包括:自然地图和社会经济地图.

最早的地图是亚洲西部苏美尔人刻在泥板上的原始地图

我国最早出现“地理”一词的是公元前5世纪的<<易·系辞>>

西方，公元前2世纪古希腊埃拉托色尼第一次合成geographica并写出了西方第一本以地命名的专著《地理学》

西班牙的斗牛；

荷兰有“低地之国”的称谓，每年5月的第二个星期六为“风车日”；

阿拉伯人主要居住在亚洲西部和非洲北部，穿白色长袍反射阳光，抵抗风沙。

2、地图上的要素包括：方向、比例尺、图例和注记。

3、在地图上确定方向：有指向标的地图，箭头所指为北方；无指向标的地图，“上北下南，左西右东”；室外，手持地图，面朝北，背朝南。

4、例尺就是图上距离与实际距离之比

一般来说，所画范围大，内容简单，选用比例尺小，反之，所画范围小，内容详细，选用比例尺大。比例尺是个分数式，分母越大比例尺就越小

比例尺小 → 表示范围大 → 内容简单 比例尺大 → 表示范围小 → 内容详细

5、球是一个两极部位稍扁、赤道略鼓的不规则球体。 盖天说(天圆地方)，浑天说(天之包地，犹壳之裹黄) 我国古代张衡提出“浑天说”。

麦哲伦环球航行依次经过的大洋是：大西洋、太平洋、印度洋。麦哲伦环球航行没有经过北冰洋。

地球的表面积是5.1亿平方千米。地球的平均半径是6371km。

6、赤道就是0°纬线，赤道周长约为4万千米，是地球上最长的纬线。纬度向北向南各有90°，分别用N和S表示。

0°经线又叫本初子午线，向东向西各有180°，分别用E和W表示。

地球上重合的两条经线是东经180°和西经180°合称为180°经线

赤道穿过的大陆有东半球的非洲、西半球的南美洲。

本初子午线过的大陆有欧洲、非洲

南半球的有南美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、南极洲、非洲（大洋洲全都在南半球上）

北半球的有北美洲、南极洲、非洲、欧洲、亚洲（欧洲和北美洲全都在北半球上）

8、以赤道为界把地球分为南、北半球； 以20°W和160°E为界把地球分为东、西半球。

如果在地球上选一个地点，要求四面朝北，应在南极极点。

地球上有一点它的东边是东半球，西边是西半球，南边是南半球，北边是北半球，这点的坐标是(200W，0)。东边是西半球，西边是东半球，南边是南半球，北边是北半球，坐标是(1600E，0)。

位于西半球的洲只有北美洲和南美洲

完全位于南半球的洲只有南极洲

9、纬度范围：0°到30°为低纬度；30°到60°为中纬度； 60°到90°为高纬度。跨中、低、高纬度的是亚洲、北美洲，

10、地球表面，陆地面积占29%，海洋面积占71%，所以有形象地称地球为“三分的陆地，七分的海洋”。 从海陆分布看，陆地主要集中在北半球，但北极周围却是一片大洋，海洋大多分布在南半球，而南极周围却是一片大陆，说明世界海陆分布很不均匀。

11、比较经线和纬线的特点：有经纬网的地图，经线指示南北方向，纬线指示东西方向。

名称 形 状 长 度 指示方向

经线 半圆（弧形） 相等 南北方向

纬线 都是圆（极点除外） 有长有短 东西方向

经纬网的用途？(经纬网可以确定地球上某一地点的位置。因此，在军事、航海、航空、通讯、气象观测等方面有广泛的用途。)

12、七大洲的名称按面积依次为：亚洲、非洲、北美洲、南美洲、南极洲、欧洲、大洋洲。

亚洲和欧洲连成一块合称亚欧大陆，中国位于亚洲。

南极洲是世界上跨经度最多的大洲；也是位置最南的洲

亚洲是面积最大的大洲。 平均海拔最低的是欧洲

13、四大洋分别是：太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋。

太平洋是世界上面积最大的海洋，水温最高、水体最深

大西洋呈“S”形；

北冰洋是世界上跨经度最多的大洋，也是纬度最高的大洋被亚、欧、北美洲所包围。

14、亚洲和欧洲的分界线是：乌拉尔山脉、乌拉尔河、大高加索山脉和土耳其海峡（沟通黑海和地中海）。

亚洲和非洲的分界线是：苏伊士运河（沟通地中海和红海）。

南美洲和北美洲的分界线：巴拿马运河（沟通太平洋和大西洋）。

亚洲和美洲的分界线：白令海峡（沟通太平洋和北冰洋）。

地跨北美、大洋洲的国家：美国 地跨亚非两洲的是埃及。

地跨亚欧两洲的有：俄罗斯，土耳其，哈萨克斯坦。

面积居世界前六位的国家：俄罗斯、加拿大、中国、美国、巴西、澳大利亚。

15、地表各种高低起伏的形态，总称为地形。

造成海陆变迁的主要原因有地壳变动和海平面升降。

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