英语语法中使用的各种词汇，比如名词，不定式，各种从句等专用的术语用英文应当怎么说？

英语各种语法的英文名称，例如名词性从句怎么说？~

1、句式
从句clause
从属句 subordinate clause
并列句 coordinate clause
名词从句 nominal clause
定语从句 attributive clause
状语从句adverbial clause
宾语从句 object clause
主语从句 subject lause
同位语从句appositive clause
时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time
地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner
让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession
原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause
结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result
目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose
条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition
句子 sentence
简单句simple sentence
并列句compound sentence
复合句 complex sentence
并列复合句 compound complex sentence
陈述句 declarative sentence
疑问句interrogative sentence
2、时态
时态tense
过去将来时past future tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense
一般现在时 present simple tense
一般过去时past simple tense
一般将来时future simple tense
现在完成时 past perfect tense
过去完成时present perfect tense
将来完成时 future perfect tense
现在进行时 present continuous tense
过去进行时past continuous tense
将来进行时 future continuous tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

扩展资料
句型结构
句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1、简单句
基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：
（1）主语+谓语（s.+predicate）
这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。Nobody went.没有人去。
（2）主语+系动词+表语（s.+link v.+predicative）
这种句型称为主系表结构，其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
（3）主语+谓语+宾语（s.+predicate+o.）
这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（s.+predicate+oi.+od.）
这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s.+predicate+o.+o.c.）
这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语）
注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.
中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries并列主语）
2、It引导结构
It 既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可做人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。
可作形式主语（it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.）或形式宾语（it + adj. + to do sth.），真实的主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。
It 也用于强调句结构。如想强调某个词或部分，可用it is (was) + 强调部分（主语、宾语或状语） + that(who）…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it 和引词it 的各种用法，重点掌握it 用于前指或后指；引导词it 用于强调结构。
3、并列句
两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。
4、复合句
复杂句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。
主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。

什么叫名词性从句？
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句

【一】主语从句 【二】表语从句 【三】宾语从句
【四】定语从句 【五】同位语从句 【六】状语从句

【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，
引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词
A 从属连词：that，whether。
从属连词；that，whether引导的主语从句在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。如果是由It作形式主语，后面that可以省略.
1,有that 引导的主语从句如下：
1. That the driver could not control hiswar was obvious.
=It was obvious（that）the driver could notcontrol his car.
2. Thatshe was chosen made us very happy.
=it made us very happy that she was chosen
3. Thathe is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
=It issheer luck that she is still alive
4. Thatthe whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear
=It isquite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
5. Thatyou should have to leave is a pity
=It's apity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
6. That he will refuse this piece of advice isimpossible.
=It is impossible that he will refuse this piece ofadvice
7. That they should like each other is natural
=It is natural that they should like each other
8. Thathe will not come to the meeting this evening is true
=It istrue that he will not come to the meeting this evening
9. Thathe will help others is a fact
10. That theearth turns around the sun is known to all.
=It is known to all that the earth turnsaround the sun.
11. That we can win is certain
=It is certain that we can win.
12. That you have made a mistake is a fact.
=It is a fact that you have made a mistake
13. It is ordered that we should leave at once.
14. That you don’t like him is none of my business.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It +be +形容词+ that-从句
It isnecessary that…　有必要……
It is important that…　重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is necessary \important
atural\... that…
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
b. It +be +V ed 分词+ that-从句
It is known to all that…　从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It was reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.
It was suggested that we shouldeat more vegetable and do more exercise
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is common knowledge that…　是常识
It is a fact that…　事实是……
It was a pity that we lost the match.
It was a fact that he cheated in the exam.
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It occurred to methat I forgot to send this letter
It happened that I came into the office at that time.
It is important(necessary / advisable /desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible ...)that ...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为"(should)＋动词原形",即要用虚拟语气。例如:
It isnecessary that several nurses (should) stay.
几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的。
It isimperative that everyone (should) learn from practice.
每个人都应该从实践中学习。
It isreported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided /suggested / ordered ...)that ...例如:
It issaid that many people was killed in the earthquake.
据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了。
itseems(appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / ...)that ...
例如:
It makesno difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
【二】表语从句 ：表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。
Lyne is anexcellent student
Henry was anAmerican businessman
Henry met anAmerican businessman
The person stood in front of you just now is myheadmaster.
I didn’t know that it was you at that time.
The door remained closed.
Mary’s daily job is cleaning the house.
The house is not only large but also beautiful.
When I went to your house, you were out.
No one was in the dorm, when she arrived.
My job is to teach you English.
The reason why he came late was that his clockdidn’t work.
Position (位置)表语常位于系动词（be等词）之后，与主语共同构成主--系--表结构(Subject-Predicative structure) 的句子。
Linking Verbs (连系动词)
除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look, smell,taste, sound, feel, fall, come, go（变成…）, become, grow（渐渐地变化）, turn(变成，一般用于颜色), appear, seem,get, keep, remain, stay等。
一、表语从句定义：表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
The question is who will do it.
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
二、表语从句构成
（系动词） +引导词 +简单句
His suggestion is that we should stay calm
That is why she was late.
三、引导表语从句的关联词
【1】从属连词that，whether；that 在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。
The trouble is that I have lost her address.
麻烦是我把她的地址弄丢了。
My question is whether he left ( or not ).
我的问题是他是否离开了。
The question is whether we should ask them for help.
The trouble is that he has never done the work before
The fact is that he hasn’t yetrecover from illness.
The reason why he has to go is thathis mother is ill in bed.
比较 that在定语从句中的用法。
Thereare some films thatI’d like to see.
She isthe only student thatknows French.
结论:that 在引导定语从句时,指事物,也可指人,
在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
【2】.从属连词as, as if / though引导的表语从句
由as if 引导表语从句时要注意语态.若从句表示与现在事实相反,谓动用be 动词要用were
与过去事实相反用 had +过去分词
Li Lei is now ina new jacket.
He looks as if he were an American boy.
The girl isgiving us a vivid description of the moon.
It seems as ifshe had been to the moon many times.
He looked just ashe had looked ten years before.
It sounds as ifsomeone is knocking at the door.
It looks as if it were going to rain.
whether在表语从句中表是否 ,但不充当句子的成分。if 不能引导表语从句.如:
What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover fromthe serious disease soon
【3】because, why 引导的表语从句
(1) That’sbecause he didn’t understand me.
那是因为他不理解我。(强调原因）
(2) That’s why hegot angry with me
那正是他对我生气的原因。（强调结果）
4.连接代词who, whom, whose, whoever, what,
whatever, which,whichever 引导表语从句
(1) The problemis who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
Guilin is not whatit used to be.
What she wants to know is whichdress she should buy.
The question is what caused the accident.
That mountain is not what itused to be .
What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.
【4】连接副词where, when, how
The question ishow he did it.问题是他如何做此事的。
That is where he was born. 那就是他出生的地方
That is whereLu Xun used to live.
That is whyhe didn’t pass the exam.

四. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句(if不可以引导表语从句)
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan等。
My suggestion isthat we (should) start early tomorrow.
The question iswhether we will have our sports meet next week.
The reason why hefailed is that he was too careless.
The problem iswho we can get to take the place of John.
The question iswhen he can arrive at the hotel.
The question iswhether the enemy is marching towards us.
It looked as ifhe had understood this question.
The question iswho will travel with me to Beijingtomorrow.
The question iswhy he cried yesterday.
注意点1：if 不能引导表语从句
注意点2：主句主语为reason, 只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
注意点3：如果从句是特殊疑问句，用陈述句语序
A：表语从句一定要用陈述语序
B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
【三】宾语从句：宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用，是一种名词性从句，既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词.形容词）的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay athome.
She doesn’t know (that) she isseriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waitingfoe?
He asked whose handwriting was thebest.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stopis?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he livesthere.
He asked me whether (if) I could helphim.
（二）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like thisschool soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have themeeting.
（三）宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如： I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to therailway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing forthe sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is thefirst month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earthturns around the sun.
4.当主句谓语动词是think、believe、imagine等时，后面的宾语从句要表示否定意义时，要通过主句的否定式来实现，即否定主句中的动词。 e.g. 我认为他明天不会来。
（wrong）I think he willnot come tomorrow.
（right）I don’t think hewill come tomorrow.
某些形容词后面也可有宾语从句,这些形容词有:sure、certain、glad、pleased、happy、afraid、surprised、satisfied等。 e.g. I’m sure you can learn English well.

主语:subject 宾语:object 定语:attribute
状语:the adverbial 同位语:the Appositive
动名词:the Gerund 分词: the Participle
不定式:the Indefinite
宾语从句:Object Clauses
状语从句: Adverbial Clauses
定语从句: Attibutive Clauses
表语从句:Predictive Clauses
同位语从句;Appositive Clauses
时间状语从句;Adverbial Clauses of Time

一般现在时:the Present Indefinite
一般过去时:the Past Indefinite
一般将来时:the Future Indefinite
现在完成时:the Present Perfect
现在进行时:the Present Continuous

太多了，你到这里好好看看吧。
http://wikipedia.cnblog.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95

主语:subject,宾语:object,定语:attribute, 动名词:the geroud,宾语从句:object clause, 一般现在时:the simple present tense 一般过去时:the simple past tense
一般将来时:the simple future tense,
现在完成时:the present perfect tense,
现在进行时:the present continuous tense.

你的问题太复杂，我也是学英语的，建议你买一本＜＜无敌英语语法＞＞很不错，有相应的图片和讲解，非常有助于学习语法

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镇雄县13683797891： 英语词类, - ？
戎秒百赛： 传统的英语语法把词分为十类,名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、数量词和感叹词.实词:名词、动词、形容词和副词.虚词:代词、冠词、介词、连词、数量词和感叹词.名词 Noun 动词 Verb 形容词 adj.副词 adv.代词 Pron.冠词 Article 介词 Prep.数量词Num.感叹词 Int.连词Conj.奈达的《新编奈达论翻译》分析了世界上的许多语言之后把词划分成了足以概括所有语言的词汇现象的四种词类,即物体词、活动词、抽象词和关系词

镇雄县13683797891： 英语中名词,动词,形容词,代词的用法 - ？
戎秒百赛： 名词 (Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词. 名词可以独立成句.在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代. 代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功...

镇雄县13683797891： 英语语法中使用的各种词汇,比如名词,不定式,各种从句等专用的术语用英文应当怎么说? - ？
戎秒百赛： 主语:subject 宾语:object 定语:attribute 状语:the adverbial 同位语:the Appositive 动名词:the Gerund 分词: the Participle 不定式:the Indefinite 宾语从句:Object Clauses 状语从句: Adverbial Clauses 定语从句: Attibutive Clauses 表语...

镇雄县13683797891： 英语的各种词性、还有词性的用法要详细点的、比如形容词用来修饰什么词、宾格、主格之类的、谢谢 - ？
戎秒百赛：[答案] 英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词. 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称.如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class, 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词.如:who,she,you,it . 3、形容词...

镇雄县13683797891： 英语中各种词性的用法及解释 - ？
戎秒百赛： 1.名词 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等.普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等.普通名词...

镇雄县13683797891： 英语语法中词的功能分类有那些 - ？
戎秒百赛： 英语语法中词的功能分类: 名词、冠词、代词、介词、数词、连词、动词、形容词、副词 不同的词在句中充当的成分也有所不同.如:形容词通常做定语或表语,副词通常修饰动词,形容词、副词等.

镇雄县13683797891： 英语中的名词、副词、形容词等的使用 - ？
戎秒百赛： 语序 结构上来讲,英语是“主动宾”(SVO)语言.在简单陈述句中,它一般是遵从主语、动词、宾语加句号的形式.即: Tom [主语] eats [动词] cheese [宾语]. Mary sees the cat. 总体上来说英语是中心语前置的语言,也就是说一个短语的重心在...