宾语是什么,宾语从句又是什么呢?
宾语就是动作的对象。先说汉语。我钓鱼。“我”是动作的发起者,是主语;“钓”是动作本身,是谓语;“鱼”是动作对象,是宾语。英语的意思也是这样。She bought some books yesterday.she是动作的发起者,是主语;bought,买,是动作本身,是谓语;books是动作对象,是宾语,some是宾语的定语(顺便说一句,定语是专门用来修饰名词的,就像名字穿的衣服);yesterday是时间状语。至于宾语从句,就是用一个句子来作宾语了。如Mum said that she was going to Shanghai next week.mum是“说”(said)的发起者,是主语,因为后边有从句,所以应该叫主句主语;said是动作本身,就是谓语。后边从that开始,是mum“说”的内容,叫宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中,that是引导词,无实际意义。she叫从句主语;was going 叫从句谓语;由于go是不及物动词,没有宾语;to Shanghai是地点状语;next week叫时间状语。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分.我们可以这样认为,之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前,而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前.
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?
2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2.连接词
1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?
3.时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:
1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:
①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4.注意:
if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当……时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如:
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?
—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。
—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。
简化宾语从句常用六法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法:
方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?
方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如:
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy
初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题
习题(一)
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
答案:1-5 A D C B C
习题(二)
1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
A. who B. what C. when D. that
2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
A. what B when C why D how
7. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
答案:1-7 C B B A A A C
习题(三)
1. They don't know their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
2. Please tell me ______what last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked
3. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
5 Did you know ____
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
6 Could you tell me ___
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
答案:1-6 B D B A A C
习题(四)
1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区)
A. that B. how C. whatD. if
2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)
A. why B. when C. how D. where
3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.
—They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)
A. what B. who C. which D. where
4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市)
A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
5. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.
—Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀区)
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)
A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy
7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重庆市)
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
8. —Where is Jack
—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市)
A. that B. which C. where D. there
答案:1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C
宾者客也,意思就是句子中的客体成分,而非主体。承受及物的行为动作,语法上就称其为宾语。能用作宾语的有名词、代词(人称代词需用宾格)和从句。宾语从句就是承受及物行为的从句,从句都由关联词引导(主语+谓语+.....)称为陈述句语序。比如
I like football.我喜欢足球。(足球就是宾语,承受了‘喜欢’这一行为。)
I like what you like.我喜欢你所喜欢的。(指某件事或物,从句承受了‘喜欢‘就是宾语从句)
He told me that you had gone shopping that day.他告诉我说你那天已经去购物了。(that引出的从句也承受了’告诉的内容,也是宾语从句。)
宾语就是动作的对象,比如我喜欢吃苹果,苹果就是宾语,用英语说就是I like eating apples very much.其中apple为宾语。宾语从句就是动作的对象为一个句子比如:他说他曾经去过北京。其中“他曾经去过北京”为宾语从句,用英语说就是He said he had been to Beijing in past其中he had been to Beijing in past 为宾语从句
宾语从句定义、示例、用法最生动解释
在英语中什么是表语,从句,宾语从句?
3) 宾语从句是从句的其中一种,特点是充当主句谓语动词的宾语,或者说用从句充当宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从语是什么要简单点
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句过‘三关’:时态,语序,连词。宾语从句(object clauses)用法 宾语从句的连接词:结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述语序) 【注意:1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether引导...
英语中什么叫做宾语从句
一、宾语从句的定义 置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词...
什么是宾语从句?
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句宾语从句特点编辑宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不...
什么是宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不...
英语的宾语从句是什么意思,怎么回事
宾语从句是:由一个句子在句中充当宾语,所以称之为宾语从句。如。我不知道他是谁。I don't know who he is. 'who he is'就是宾语从句。
在英语中什么样的句子叫宾语从句,定语从
宾语从句,其实就是宾语变成了从句。中文英文的初级阶段,我们最先接触简单的主谓宾,也就是主语谓语宾语。随着表达复杂意思的需要,主谓宾都要在高级阶段变成复杂的形式,而宾语变成一个句子,是复杂形式的一种。先以中文举例:简单主谓宾:他说了些什么。现在我们把这句话变成比较复杂或具体的意思:他说...
宾语从句是什么意思?
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。判断宾语从句的方法:宾语从句其实在句子中就充当宾语的作用;常见的结构就是:动宾和介宾两种形式。(1)一个及物动词...
什么是宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。宾语从句,名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。语法是语言的组织规律,任何人在使用语言时,不管他是否学过语法,都须合乎语法。另外,...
什么叫状语,表语,副词,分词,补语,宾语从句?
例如:I consider him a gentleman【“我认为他。。。是一位绅士”,“我认为他”里面主谓宾成分已经全了,但意思没表达清楚,所以需要后面的补语“a gentleman”来进一步说明】5.宾语从句 小句子在大句子里面做宾语被称为宾语从句。如Can you tell me <who it is>[宾语从句]...
但勉齐斯:[答案] 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句. 1.语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式.根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种: 1)连接词+谓语.连接...
长葛市17720577775: 英语里什么叫 宾语从句 具体什么是宾语?什么是从句? - ?
但勉齐斯:[答案] 英语里什么叫 宾语从句 答:就是用【一个句子充当宾语】,这个从句就是【宾语从句】.如:1.He said that he was a teacher two years ago.(that引导的从句做said的宾语)2.He thought that you should help others.(th...
长葛市17720577775: 解释一下什么是宾语从句?还有一些基本的词语顺序,答好给采纳 - ?
但勉齐斯: 供参考:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句 宾语从句的连接词:that;结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述句语序)、从属连词.连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,和特殊疑问词(what, how, where, when等).that引导表示陈述句的...
长葛市17720577775: 什么是宾语从句和定语从句? - ?
但勉齐斯:[答案] 句的类型是由从句的位置或者说从句起的作用决定的.从句放在宾语的位置、起宾语的作用就是宾语从句;放在名词/代词之后、起定语的作用就是定语从句(修饰名词/代词的词叫定语,修饰名词/代词的从句就叫定语从句). eg:I don't know why he was...
长葛市17720577775: 什么是宾语和宾语从句? - ?
但勉齐斯: 宾语是紧跟在及物动词后的名词、代词或名词短语,没有主谓结构. 如: i like English. i love her. English/ her都是宾语.宾语从句是紧跟在及物动词后的句子,有主谓结构. 如:i know that he will come to see you . that引导宾语从句. Can you tell me when you will go back home? when引导宾语从句.
长葛市17720577775: 什么是英语中的宾语什么是宾语,宾语从句 - ?
但勉齐斯: 英语中的宾语:宾语一般用在及物动词的后面,表示行为动词所涉及的对象.一、名词作宾语Show your passport, please.请出示护照.二、代词作宾语He didn't say anything.他什么也没说.三、数词作宾语How many do you want? - I ...
长葛市17720577775: 谁能告诉我宾语从句是什么,再句一两个例子可否 - ?
但勉齐斯:[答案] 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后. 1.作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如: I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what,whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如...
长葛市17720577775: 英语中什么是宾语从句?仔细讲解一下.什么是陈述语序和疑问语序? - ?
但勉齐斯:[答案] 宾语从句就是从句在主句中充当宾语部分.例如i think you are right.陈述语序就是按照主谓宾顺序,疑问就是谓主宾
长葛市17720577775: 宾语从句是什么意思 - ?
但勉齐斯: 宾语从句用法 宾语从句的连接词: 结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述句语序) 、从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,和疑问词(what, how, where, when ...).