从句中主句和从句的时态搭配问题

从句中主句与从句的时态搭配问题~

过去完成时其中有一种用法要注意：在含有定语从句或其他从句的主从复合句中，如果先发生的动作，就要用过去完成时。在你的这句话里，作者想要陈述的是，the small work shop 变成了一家大工厂，这个动作先于后面的employed .另外，这是有上下文的，如果没有上下文，此句也可都用一般过去时。

主从句时态一致原则是指：1.如果主句是一般现在时态或现在完成时态,从句常根据需要选择适当时态. 如：The teacher says that he will go to the Great Wall next week . He tells us that he had an accident the other day .
2.如果主句是一般过去时态,从句常用过去的某种时态；但从句如果是客观的真理或事实,仍用一般现在时态表达.如：He said that he would go to visit the Great Wall the next week . The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east .

宾语从句可以遵循：主句用一般现在时,从句可以用任何时态.
主句用一般过去时,从句只能用过去时（如过去完成时、过去将来时等）
主句用一般过去时,但如果从句是真理,只能用一般现在时。
其它名词性从句,基本遵循上述。
条件句
（1）真实条件句：主将从现
（2）虚拟语气：与现在事实相反 主句：would / might...+ 动词原形 从句：一般过去时
与过去事实相反 主句：would/ might ...+ have done 从句：had done
与将来事实相反 主句：would/ might...+ 动词原形 从句：一般过去时/ were to do / should do

条件句子中，if从句用现在时，主句用将来时(will)

英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.

2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.

3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

6.状语从句

*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.

*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

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贺州市15966918443： 当主句是什么时态时,从句用什么时态? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 附:主从复合句中主句和从句之间时态的一致关系. (1)在宾语从句中主句和从句之间的时态的一致关系,通常由主句谓语的时态决定从句谓语的时态. A.若主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,如:一般现在时,现在完成时,一般将来时,将来完成时...

贺州市15966918443： 时间状语从句的时态中,主句与从句什么时候时态一致,什么时候不一致呢? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 如果主从句都是在同一时间段内发生的,时态当然是一致的. 但如果存在着时间的先后关系,无论主句和从句谁先谁后,时态都是不一致的.比如一个过去,一个现在.一个现在,一个将来等.

贺州市15966918443： 主句,从句 的所有时态搭配 - ？
夙方琥珀： 如果是初中阶段的,我可以回答些: 初中段从句主要是状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句 状语从句时态要求是一致的,主将从现,前后一致.也就是说:主句是一般将来时,从句就要用一般现在时,反之亦然.就像数学中的逆定理. 宾语从句是...

贺州市15966918443： 定语从句中从句的时态怎样随主句变化的? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 没有这样的事,定语从句的谓语跟主句谓语之间没有必然关系.但宾语从句是受主句影响的.一般情况下,主句谓语是现在时时,从句谓语可用任意时态;但主句谓语是过去式时,从句谓语一定要用过去的某种时态;例外是,从句如果是客观事实,谓...

贺州市15966918443： 在从句中,从句的时态是否一定要与主句一致? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 一般是的 但是也有特殊比如 条件状语从句和时间状语从句用一般时态 表示将来 I will call as soon as he comes we will not go out if it rains tomorrow

贺州市15966918443： 在条件状语从句中 主句和从句用什么时态 - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 真实的 主句用一般将来时 从句用一般现在时 虚拟的 1、与现在事实相反的 主句∶主语加其他加do 从句:过去时 2、与过去事实相反的 主句∶主语加其他加have done 从句:主加had done 其他是:could would should might

贺州市15966918443： 定语从句中主句和从句要不要保持时态一致?再帮我讲一下宾语从句中主句的各种时态从句分别用那种时态? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 不需要的.主句是你想描述的事物,定语是描述名词或代词的从句,与你想描述的名词或代词有关.比如说你想说这样一个句子:这是个即将获奖的演员.This is an actor who will be awarded.这里描述的演员即将获奖.主句是你...

贺州市15966918443： 主句与从句的时态如何对应??? - ？
夙方琥珀： 宾语从句的主句如果是现在时态的话,从句根据句子意思使用任何时态.例如:My teacher tells me that John got an A in the yesterday's exam. 这里从句就是用了过去式.还可以说 My teacher tells us that we will have a trip to Shaoxing.2. 宾语从句...

贺州市15966918443： 宾语从句时态与主句时态的关系是怎样的?当主句是一般现在时、一般过去时,从句应该用什么时态? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 宾语从句的时态要和主句保持一致; 主句是一般现在时,从句就是现在时态,包括一般现在时,一般进行时,现在完成时. 主句是一般过去时,从句就是过去时态,但要往过去递进一步,包括过去将来时,过去完成时.但是自然界规律等真理性的东西...

贺州市15966918443： 定语从句是否主从时态一致?有没有可能主语是一般现在时,而从句中是一般过去时?就是主句和从句间时态是否需要一致? - ？
夙方琥珀：[答案] 不一定要一致 按你说的举个例子: The woman who was a nurse is a teacher now.