高一英语基本句型翻译

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高中英语所有基本句型~

英语基本句型

一英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的:be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的:remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
如:Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
We feel used to living in big cities.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Their boss seems satisfied with the work.
Deep water stays still.
巩固练习1:
1.冬季白天短,夜晚长
2.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3.孩子们很少保持安静。
4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5.他失业了。
二英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如:The sun rises. Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如:1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating.
6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
巩固练习2:
1.她昨天回家很晚。
2.会议将持续两个小时。
3.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大
4.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
5.每天八时开始上课。
三英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
7. Mother promises to give me a present.
巩固练习3:
1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3.这本书他读过多次了。
4.他们成功地完成了计划。
5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
四英语基本句型4 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT(谓)+ InO(间接宾)+ DO(直接宾)
说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。
如:He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。
如:He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;
(需借助for 的)buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
巩固练习4:
1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
4.他把车票给列车员看。
5.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?
五英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构/S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾)+ O C(宾补)
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。
如:The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。
如:I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
巩固练习5:
1.我们叫她Alice.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3.他们把小偷释放了。
4.我要你把真相告诉我。
5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。
六英语基本句型6 There be 句型
说明: 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。
此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。
如:There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:
现在有 there is/are …
过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…;there is /are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...
过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
巩固练习6:
1.这个村子过去只有一口井。
2.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
3.天气预报说下午有大风。
4.灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。
5.战前这儿一直有家电影院的.


课文句子翻译练习:
1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。(face)
_______________________________________________________________.
2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。(according)
________________________________________________________________.
3. 他早起为了赶头班车。 (in order to)
________________________________________________________________.
4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)
_______________________________________________________________.
5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。 (concern)
_______________________________________________________________.
6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?
____________________________________________________________________.
7. 你近况如何?
_____________________________________________________________________.
8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。
_____________________________________________________________________.
9. 我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题, 他又问了一个问题。
_____________________________________________________________________.
10. 我像大部分人那样记日记。
____________________________________________________________________.
英语基本句型练习答案
巩固练习答案1:1.In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
2.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.
3.Children seldom keep quiet.
4.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5.He is out of work.
巩固练习答案2:1. She went home very late yesterday evening.
2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
4. The May Fourth Movement broke out
in Beijing in 1919.
5. Classes begin at eight every day.
巩固练习答案3:1. I wrote a letter last night.
2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. He has read this book many times.
4. They have carried out the plan successfully.
5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
巩固练习答案4:1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?
4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.
5.Shall I call you a taxi?
巩固练习答案5:
1.We call her Alice.
2.All of us considered him honest.
3.They have set the thief free.
4.I want you to tell me the truth.
5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.
巩固练习答案6:1.There was only a well in the village.
2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
3.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.
课文句子翻译练习答案:1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.
2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week.
3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
4. How are you getting along with your classmates?
5. We are all concerned about his safety.
6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to?
7. How are you getting along / on recently?
8. We have been good friends for ten years.
9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one.
10. I keep a diary as most people do.

 动词的时态
  一般现在时的用法
  一般过去时的用法
  used to/be used to
  一般将来时
  be going to/will
  be to和be going to
  一般现在时表将来
  用现在进行时表示将来
  现在完成时
  比较过去时与现在完成时
  用于现在完成时的句型
  比较since和for
  since的四种用法
  延续动词与瞬间动词
  过去完成时
  用一般过去时代替完成时
  将来完成时
  现在进行时
  不用进行时的动词
  过去进行时
  将来进行时
  一般现在时代替将来时
  一般现在时代替过去时
  一般现在时代替完成时
  一般现在时代替进行时
  现在进行时代替将来时
  时态一致
  时态与时间状语
  动词的语态
  let 的用法
  短语动词的被动语态
  表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
  不用被动语态的情况
  主动形式表示被动意义
  被动形式表示主动意义
  need/want/require/worth
  句子的种类
  句子的种类
  感叹句结构
  强调句结构
  用助动词进行强调
  反意疑问句
  倒装
  倒装句之全部倒装
  倒装句之部分倒装
  以否定词开头作部分倒装
  so,either,nor作部分倒装
  only在句首要倒装的情况
  as,though引导的倒装句
  其他部分倒装
  主谓一致
  并列结构作主语谓语用复数
  主谓一致中的靠近原则
  谓语动词与前面的主语一致
  谓语需用单数
  指代意义决定谓语的单复数
  与后接名词或代词保持一致
  虚拟语气
  真实条件句
  非真实条件句
  混合条件句
  虚拟条件句的倒装
  特殊的虚拟语气词:should
  wish的用法
  比较if only与only if
  It is (high) time that
  need"不必做"和"本不该做"
  名词性从句
  引导名词性从句的连接词
  名词性that-从句
  名词性wh-从句
  if,whether引导的名词从句
  否定转移
  定语从句
  关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系副词引导的定语从句
  判断关系代词与关系副词
  限制性和非限制性定语从句
  介词+关系词
  as,which非限定性定语从句
  先行词和关系词二合一
  what/whatever/that...
  关系代词that的用法
  状语从句
  地点状语从句
  方式状语从句
  原因状语从句
  目的状语从句
  结果状语从句
  条件状语从句
  让步状语从句
  比较while, when, as
  比较until和till
  表示"一…就…"的结构
  连词
  并列连词与并列结构
  比较and和or
  表示选择的并列结构
  表示转折或对比
  表原因关系
  比较so和 such
  情态动词
  情态动词的语法特征
  比较can 和be able to
  比较may和might
  比较have to和must
  must表示推测
  表示推测的用法
  情态动词+have+过去分词
  should和ought to
  had better表示最好
  would rather表示"宁愿"
  will和would
  情态动词的回答方式
  带to的情态动词
  比较need和dare
  否定句和一般疑问句
  (1)常见的否定句做法
  1.含有be动词的否定句:
  规则:在be动词后面+not,另外is not可缩写成isn’t,are not可缩写成aren’t,was可缩写成wasn’t,were可缩写成weren’t,但am not不可缩写。
  2.含情态动词的否定句:
  规则:在情态动词后+not,必要时可缩写。
  3.带有行为动词的句子否定句做法:
  (1)单数第三人称做主语(he she it或代表单个人或物的第三人称名词):
  规则:要在行为动词前加上助动词doesn’t,然后找动词恢复原形。
  (2)其它人称作主语:
  规则:在行为动词前加don’t,句子中行为动词的用原形。
  句型
  1.含be动词的基本结构:
  be的现在形式为am,is,are.
  (1)主语是I,用am.
  (2)主语是he,she,is,一个人名或一个称呼(也就是第三人称单数),用is.
  (3)主语是复数或是you,用are.
  (4)在有助动词,情态动词句子和祈使句中用be原形。
  2.动词have的基本句型:
  谓语动词have表示拥有某物,有人称和数的变化。
  当主语是第一人称(I,we),第二人称(you)以及第三人称复数(they及其他复数名词并列主语等),用have,当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it或单数名词),用has.
  (1)肯定句:主语+have/has+宾语+其他
  (2)一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have+宾语+其他?
  (3)肯定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+have+宾语+其他
  3.There be结构:
  (1)there be的现在时是there is或there are,表示有。存在形式的有,其后加上地点,就是“在某处有什么”。there is表示有的东西为单数,或不可数形式。there are表示有的东西为复数。(另外there be句型有就近原则,即be动词随第一个名词的单数或复数形式的变化而变化)
  (2)some,any常用在there be句型中,some一般在肯定句中表示几个或一些,any一般在否定句或一般疑问句中使用。
  (3)有的人或物是几种,以第一种的形式为准。
  (4)特殊疑问句为How much / many …?和What’s …?
  4. 祈使句
  用来表示命令、请求或劝告的句子,称为祈使句,祈使句的否定式是在前面加Do not。
  5. 感叹句
  感叹句就是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。
  由how或what+被强调的部分+其余的陈述部分。
  6. 反义疑问句
  反义疑问句是问话的人对问的问题有一定的看法,需要答话的人给以证实,其结构一般为两部分,前边是陈述,后面是提问;如果前面是肯定形式,后面应是否定提问;而前边是否定形式;后面则是肯定提问。
  7. 现在进行时
  表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。结构为be(am / is / are)+动词的现在分词,现在分词的变化有三种,句式是:
  (1)肯定句:主语+am / is / are +v.ing
  (2)否定句:主语+am / is / are + not + v.ing
  (3)一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are + 主语+ v. ing
  8. 一般现在时
  表示经常性或习惯性的动作或目前存在的状态,也表示主语具备的特性和能力及客观真理。
  (1)当主语是第一,第二和第三人称复数时,
  肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他
  否定句:主语+don’t +动词原形+其他
  一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他?
  (2)当主语是第三人称单数时
  肯定句:主语+动词(单三——do+es 即does)+其他
  否定句:主语+doesn’t+动词+其他
  一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词+其他?
  (3)动词的第三人称单数有四种基本的变化规则。
  (4)特殊疑问句的结构:
  特殊疑问词+助动词do / does +主语+动词原形+其他?
  祈使句及there be句型
  (一)祈使句
  1. 祈使句的特点及构成。
  (1)祈使句是提出请求、建议、命令、号召等的句子。
  (2)祈使句的主语常常省略,句中的谓语动词放句首,或在谓语之前用please,please也可放在句末。
  (3)祈使句中的动词后面通常用一介词,构成固定搭配,在句中作谓语。
  (4)祈使句中谓语用原形动词。
  2. 祈使句的级与包含意义(第一人称祈使句)
  例:
  (1)原级open :Please your books . 请打开你们的书。
  有礼级:Would you please open your books ? 请打开你们的书好吗?
  否定式:Would you please don’t open the door ? 请你不要打开门好吗?
  (2)第一人称祈使句
  例:原级:Let’s read the book . 让我们看书吧。
  否定式:Let’s not read the book . 让我们别看书了。
  3. 提供帮助的Let …在句中的使用
  例:Let me help you . 让我来帮助你吧。
  Let me carry the box . 让我来拿这个大盒子吧。
  4. 祈使句的否定形式:直接在句首加上Don’t。
  例:Don’t throw it like that . 不要像那样子扔它。
  Please don’t open this box . 请不要打开这个盒子
  (二)there be句型
  1. there be句型在句中的使用。
  肯定陈述句:
  (1)There is a picture on the wall .
  (2)There are some hills in the picture .
  否定陈述句:
  (1)There isn’t a picture on the wall .
  (2)There aren’t any hills in the picture .
  疑问句及简略回答:
  (1)Is there a bird in that three ? Yes , there is . No , there isn’t .
  (2)Are there any books on the table ?
  2. 对there be句型的分析
  (1)there be句型表示“有”,there是引导词,be是谓语动词。
  (2)在there be句型中,谓语be随后面的主语变化而变化,取得人称和数的一致。
  3. 关于there be句型的几个例子。
  例:There is a new E-mail in the mailbox . 在邮箱里有一封新的电子邮件。
  There aren’t any cups on the table . 在桌上没有任何的茶杯。
  Are there any children in the garden ? 在花园里有孩子吗?
  There is a pen and some books on the desk . 在课桌上有一支笔和一些书。
  一、 被动语态的用法:
  1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
  Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
  I am asked to study hard.
  Knives are used for cutting things.
  2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
  A new shop was built last year.
  Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
  3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
  This book has been translated into many languages.
  Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
  4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
  A new hospital will be built in our city.
  Many more trees will be planted next year.
  5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
  Young trees must be watered often.
  Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
  The door may be locked inside.
  Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
  6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
  Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
  My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
  They are planting trees over there. →
  Trees are being planted over there by them.
  7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
  There are two books to be read. →
  There are twenty more trees to be planted.
  二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
  把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
  1. 先找出谓语动词;
  2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
  3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
  4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
  例: Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
  三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
  What will happen in 100 years.
  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
  This pen writes well.
  This new book sells well.
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
  例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
  We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

1.她用微笑表示感谢
She smiled to say thank you.
2.他承认犯了错误
He admits having made a mistake.
3.他不介意受到老师的责备
He don't mind to be blamed by the teather .
4.医生已决定什么时候给病人做手术
The doctor has decided when to perform the operation.
5.永远不要冒险违背自然的法则
Never risk disobeying the law of nature.
6.当妈妈进来时,tom假装正在阅读
When mom came in ,Tom pretended to be reading.
7.请在本周末把所借的书还给图书馆
Please return the books you have borrowed to the library this weekend.
8.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里
I found myself in dark.
9.老板叫他加班
His boss asked him to work overtime
10.洗手之后不要任水自流
Don't let water running after you washes your hands.
11.我要你把真相告诉我
I need you to tell me the truth.
12.我明天找人来修理机器
I'll find someone to repair the machine tomorrow.
13.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语
We can hear him read English aloud every morning.
14.他们感到汽车行驶得很快
They felt that the car is moving fast.
15.我们必须保持身体健康(用in good condition)
We should keep our body in good condition.
16.我从来没有看见这个字这样用过
I haven't saw the word used in this way.

1 She smiles to express her grateful
2 He admited that he made mistakes
3 He doesn't mind being blaming by teacher
4 The doctor has decided when to perform an operation on the patient
5 Never take a risk to go against the law of nature
6 Tom is pretending to read while his mother comes in
7 Please return the books borrowed to the library
8 I find that I'm still kept in the dark
9 Boss orders him to work overtime
10 Don't let water flow by itself after washing hands
11 I want you to tell me the truth
12 I will bring someone to repair the machine
13 We hear him reading English every morning
14 They feel the car is running fast
15 We much keep in good condition
16 I have never seen this word being used like this

希望帮到你 好好学英语哈~


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