基础英语

基本的 英文怎么说~

lay the foundation of
lay the foundation for
给...打下基础, 为..奠定基础

Lay a good foundation of/for the .......development
为...的发展打下良好的基础

如:
He laid the foundation of his success by study and hard work.
他通过学习和努力工作为成功打下了基础。

规则的上面都说得很详细了，这里是不规则的，参考一下

1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤

2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打

3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑

4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned learned
/learnt /learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费

（3）其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想

sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got gotten 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖

5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道

fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked/ waked
woke / waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记

（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮

（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked [lukt]
called [kC:ld]
opened [5EupEnd]
needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]

②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]

③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写，为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-d move
phone
hope
agree moved
phoned
hoped
agreed moved [mu:vd]
phoned [fEund]
hoped [hEupt]
agreed [E5^ri:d]
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，
再加-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied [5stQdid]
carried [5kArid]
tried [traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play
enjoy
stay played
enjoyed
stayed played [pleid]
enjoyed [in5dVCid]
stayed [steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted stopped [stCpt]
planned [plAnd]
fitted [5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，
再加-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred [prI`f:d]
referred [ri5fE:]

2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut（切）
hit（打）
cast（扔）
hurt（伤害）
put（放）
let（让）
shut（关）
cost（花费）
set（放）
rid（清除） cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid

2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
find（找到）
pay（支付）
leave（离开）
lend（借出）
meet（遇见）
keep（保持）
lose（丢失）
teach（教）
sit（坐）
lead（引导）
win（赢）除） found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won

3．动词原形与过去分词同形
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
come（来）
run（跑）
become（成为） came
ran
became come
run
become

4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
give（给）
fly（飞）
drink（喝）
see（看见）
go（去）
know（知道）
wear（穿）
speak（说） gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken

5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
burn（燃烧） burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn（学习） learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell（闻） smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell （拼写） spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine （照射） shined
shone shined
shone
leap （跳） leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
提示
a. beat的过去式与原形同形：
比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）
b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：lie lied, lied（说谎）
lay, lain（躺，位于）
c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）
hung, hung(挂，吊)
d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词
比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）
welcome, welcome（误）
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）
hitted, hitted（误）

6 现在分词的变化规则
规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，-ing发音为 [iN] go
push
play
carry going [5^EuiN]
pushing [5puFiN]
playing [pleiiN]
carrying [5kAriiN]
以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing take
write
leave taking [5teikiN]
writing [5raitiN]
leaving [5li:viN]
重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该辅音字母双写，再加-ing cut
stop
fit
begin
forget cutting [5kQtiN]
stopping [5stCpiN]
fitting [5fitiN]
beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]
以ie结尾的动词，要把ie改为y，再加-ing lie
die
tie lying [5laiiN]
dying [5daiiN]
tying [5taiiN]

1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
1.-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]

2.-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]

3.但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写，为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-d

4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，
再加-ed

5.以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed

6.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed

7.以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，

(2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。

3．动词原形与过去分词同形

4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式

提示
a. beat的过去式与原形同形：

b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同

c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同

d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词

e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

6 现在分词的变化规则
规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，-ing发音为 [iN] go

以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing take

重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该辅音字母双写，再加-ing cut

以ie结尾的动词，要把ie改为y，再加-ing lie

不规则动词表
Infinitive (不定词) Past tense (过去式) Past Participle (过去分词)

abide abode,abided abode,abided
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awaked,awoken
be was been
bear bore borne,born
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
beget begot begotten
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent
bereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft
beseech besought besought
beset beset beset
bet bet,betted bet,betted
betake betook betaken
bethink bethought bethought
bid bade,bid bidden,bid
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten,bit
bleed bled bled
blend blended,blent blended,blent
bless blessed,blest blessed,blest
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted
build built built
burn burnt,burned burnt,burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
chide chided,chid chided,chidden
choose chose chosen
cleave clove,cleft cloven,cleft
cling clung clung
clothe clothed,clad clothed,clad
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
crow crowed,crew crowed
cut cut cut
dare dared,durst dared
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dived,(US)dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt,dreamed dreamt,dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt dwelt
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbear forbore forborne
forbid forbade,forbad forbidden
forecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted
foreknow foreknew foreknown
foresee foresaw foreseen
foretell foretold foretold
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
forswear forswore forsworn
freeze froze frozen
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid
get got got,(US)gotten
gild gilded,gilt gilded
gird girded,girt girded,girt
give gave given
go went gone
grave graved graven,graved
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hamstring hamstringed,hamstrung hamstringed,hamstrung
hang hung,hanged hung,hanged
have had had
hear heard heard
heave heaved,hove hesved,hove
hew hewed hewed,hewn
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
inlay inlaid intaid
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
knit knitted,knit knitted,knit
know knew known
lade laded laden
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leant,leaned leant,leaned
leap leapt,leaped leapt,leaped
learn learnt,learned learnt,learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit,lighted lit,lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
melt melted melted,molten
miscast miscast miscast
misdeal misdealt misdealt
misgive misgave misgiven
mislay mislaid mislaid
mislead misled misled
misspell misspelt misspelt
misspend misspent misspent
mistake mistook mistaken
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
mow mowed mown,(US) mowed
outbid outbid outbid
outdo outdid outdone
outgo outwent outgone
outgrow outgrew outgrown
outride outrode outridden
outrun outran outrun
outshine outshone outshone
overbear overbore overborne
overcast overcast overcast
overcome overcame overcome
overdo overdid overdone
overhang overhung overhung
overhear overheard overheard
overlay overlaid overlaid
overleap overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped
overlie overlay overlain
override overrode overridden
overrun overran overun
oversee oversaw overseen
overshoot overshot overshot
oversleep overslept overslept
overtake overtook overtaken
overthrow overthrew overthrown
partake partook partaken
pay paid paid
prove proved proved,proven
put put put
quit quitted,quit quitted,quit
read read[red] read[red]
rebind rebound rebound
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
recast recast recast
redo redid redone
relay relaid relaid
remake remade remade
rend rent rent
repay repaid repaid
rerun reran rerun
reset reset reset
retell retold retold
rewrite rewrote rewritten
rid red,redded rid,ridded
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
rive rived riven,rived
run ran run
saw sawed sawn,sawed
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn,sewed
shake shook shaken
shave shaved shaved,shaven
shear sheared sheared,shorn
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
show showed shown,showed
shrink shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken
shrive shrove,shrived shriven,shrived
shut shut shut
sing sang,sung sung
sink sank,sunk sunk,sunken
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
smell smelt,smelled smelt,smelled
smite smote smitten
sow sowed sown,sowed
speak spoke spoken
speed sped,speeded sped,speeded
spell spelt,spelled spelt,spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt,spilled spilt,spilled
spin spun,span spun
spit spat,spit spat,spit
spoil spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiled
spread spread spread
spring sprang,sprung sprung
stand stood stood
stave staved,stove staved,stove
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank,stunk stunk
strew strewed strewn,strewed
stride strode stridden,strid
strike struck struck,stricken
string strung strung
strive strove striven
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen,swelled
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
thrive throve,thrived thriven,thrived
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden,trod
unbend unbent unbent
unbind unbound unbound
underbid underbid underbid,underbidden
undergo underwent undergone
understand understood understood
undertake undertook undertaken
undo undid undone
upset upset upset
wake woke,waked woken,waked
waylay waylaid waylaid
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
weep wept wept
win won won
wind wound wound
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
withhold withheld withheld
withstand withstood withstood
work worked,wrought worked,wrought
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written

在人民教育网的初中英语课本后都有关于这些的,不过你得找的仔细些!

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