定语从句。英语高手速来! i need your help!!
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)
whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
eg:whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic
2. 引导表语从句
eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her
3. whether从句作介词宾语
eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job
4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用,但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether
we didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此时只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此时则二者都可以用)
5. 引导同位语从句
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
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二. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导:
1)从属连词that,whether 等;
2)连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;
3) 连接副词how,when,where,why 等。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It is+ 名词 + that从句
(2)It is + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It is + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
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三、宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。例如:
I know (that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
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四、表语从句
在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
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五、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
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六、名词性that-从句
(1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That she is still alive is her luck. 她还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
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七、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
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八、if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别:
1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.
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先说by这个词的用法吧。
作prep.介词时常译作“ 靠,通过;被,由;沿着;按照;由; 被; 用 "
作adv.副词常译作“ 经过,过去;在侧,在附近;短暂拜访 ”
It is water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep sea.这个by是介词可译作“通过(云朵)”
从句引导词,如下分名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句解释
名词性从句引导词的基本用法
下表对高考中常见的名词性从句的引导词进行了总结:
名词性从句的引导词引导词是否在名词性从句中充当成分的情况
连接代词: what, which, who, whom, whose
连接副词: when, where, why, how
what, which在从句中作主语、 宾语、 表语或定语; who在从句中作主语、 表语; whom在从句中作宾语; whose在从句中作定语; when, where, why, how在从句中分别作时间状语、 地点状语、 原因状语、 方式状语
连词that否
连词whether, if否
名词性从句的引导词在高考中的基本用法详见下面的总结:
1. 引导特殊疑问句的疑问词在转为引导名词性从句时, 即成为连接代词(主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose)或者连接副词(主要包括when, where, why, how)。注意体会如下例句: Choose which you like best. 选你最喜欢的。// Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 谁拿走了我的包还不知道。// Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁做候选人了?// He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home. 他问什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家。// Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题。// Why he did that wasn’t quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。// How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定。
以下两种特殊情况要给予特别关注:
(1) what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……?”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思, 这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”, 注意体会如下例句:He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。// This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。// What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界。// Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。// The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(现在的)颜色与它早上的颜色不同。
(2) 带’ever后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外, 还可以引导名词性从句(“no matter+疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句, 不可以引导名词性从句), 注意体会以下例句: Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.无论谁想看这部电影, 今晚都可以和我们一起去。// You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。// All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like. 所有的书都在这儿, 你愿借哪本就借哪本。// I’ll do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么, 我就做什么。
2. that引导名词性从句时后面接完整的陈述句, that只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当该名词性从句中的具体成分; 引导宾语从句时that常可省略, 但引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句时that通常不被省略。例如:
She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. 她希望他按时到达。(宾语从句)
That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选中了让我们很开心。(主语从句)
I have the belief that I will succeed. 我怀有必胜的信念。(同位语从句)
that, what引导名词性从句的区别在于: that在其引导的名词性从句中不充当任何成分, 在有的情况下可以省略; what需要在其引导的名词性从句中充当主语、 宾语、 表语或者定语, 而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。例如:
That he will succeed is obvious. 显然, 他会成功。(引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分)
What she told me is not true. 她所告诉我的都不是真的。(what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)
3. whether与if均可以引导表示“是否”之意的名词性从句, 且whether与if均不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。在引导宾语从句时whether与if一般可以互换, 但在引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句、 介词后的宾语从句、 放于句首的宾语从句或者名词性从句中包含or (not) 时通常只能用whether作引导词。注意体会下列例句: I don’t know if/whether I can help you. 我不知道我能否帮助你。(宾语从句)// Whether we can really help you, I don’t know yet. 我们是否真的能帮助你, 我还不知道。(位于句首的宾语从句)// The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings. 老师为是否伤害了那女孩的感情而担心。(介词后的宾语从句)// The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 问题是他们能否与我们合作。(表语从句)// The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon. 他该亲自来还是派人替他来, 这个问题必须定下来。(同位语从句)// The little girl asked her father whether she should go to the party or not. 那女孩问她的父亲她应不应该参加这个晚会。(包含or not的宾语从句)
注意: 肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句, 否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的宾语从句, 例如: I doubt whether it’s true. 我怀疑它是否是真实的。// I doubt if that was what he wanted. 我怀疑那是否是他所想要的。// I don’t doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你的诚实。// She never doubted for a moment that she was right. 她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑。
[考题1] — Could you do me a favor?
— It depends on ____ it is. (2006北京)
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导on后的宾语从句, 并且在该宾语从句中充当表语, 表示疑问句“What is it? (你要我帮的忙是什么?)”的含义。注意: 题干中没有用 “whatever” 进行强调的必要。
[考题2] — I think it’s going to be a big problem.
— Yes, it could be.
— I wonder ____ we can do about it. (2002北京春)
A. if B. how C. what D. that
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导wonder后的宾语从句并且在该宾语从句中充当do的宾语, if, that引导名词性从句时都不充当名词性从句中的句子成分, how引导名词性从句时充当名词性从句中的方式状语, 因此应排除A、 B、 D而选出C。本题中what we can do about it可以理解为对应于疑问句“What can we do about it?”的名词性从句, what引导的这种名词性从句跟其他疑问词形式的引导词所引导的名词性从句的含义相近。
[考题3] You can only be sure of ____ you have at present: you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future. (2007安徽)
A. that; what B. what; 不填 C. which; that D. 不填; that
[答案] B
[解析] 第一个下划线处应填入一个可以引导of的宾语从句泛指“你现在所拥有的东西”且在该宾语从句内部充当have的宾语的词, 这样的引导词只能是what, 由此可以直接排除选项A、 C、 D而选出B。
[考题4] ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. (1996)
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
[答案] A
[解析] 名词性从句what we can’t get和what we have中what都充当宾语, 都属于关系代词型的what, 本身不表示疑问而表示泛指相关的事物; “what we can’t get”相当于包含定语从句的“things that we can’t get”, “what we have”相当于包含定语从句的“things that we have”。
[考题5] It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. (1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
[答案] B
[解析] whatever在这里的用法跟关系代词型的what一样, 其引导的名词性从句“whatever he or she wants”泛指一个孩子想要的任何东西。
[考题6] It was a matter of ____ would take the position. (1998上海)
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
[答案] A
[解析] 下划线处的引导词所引导的名词性从句充当介词of的宾语, 在其引导的宾语从句内部充当的是主语(通常用who指代)而不是宾语(通常用whom指代), 而且题干中没有提供强调“任何人”的语境, 因此应填入引导词who。
[考题7] Could I speak to ____ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山东)
A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处引导speak to之后的宾语从句, 表示“(负责国际销售的)任何人”, 四个选项中只有whoever适合。
[考题8] Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had failed to win the game. (2005)
A. why B. what C. who D. that
[答案] A
[解析] 下划线处引导的名词性从句属于介词on的宾语, 在该名词性从句中引导词充当原因状语, 所以应选A。
[考题9] Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006)
A. where B. when C. how D. what
[答案] B
[解析] 题干中所有句子都围绕时间展开, 因此应填入表示时间的when引导remind的直接宾语。
[考题10] Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (上海2000)
A. while B. that C. when D. as
[答案] B
[解析] 陈述客观情况的名词性从句的引导词之后是完整的陈述句, 引导词本身不充当该名词性从句中具体的句子成分, 有这样用法的引导词只能是that。本题下划线处引导了information的同位语从句(为避免头重脚轻, 本句中information的同位语从句与information之间被谓语动词部分隔开)。
[考题11] The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春)
A. as B. which C. what D. that
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处的引导词引导介词at的宾语从句, 该引导词在at的宾语从句中所包含的又一个宾语从句(充当think的宾语)里充当主语, 特指说话人的兄弟驾车的速度, 四个选项中只有关系代词型的引导词what具有这样的用法。注意: 本题中at的宾语从句中又包含一个宾语从句, 总共出现了两个宾语从句, 其中第二个宾语从句(I thought之后的宾语从句)的引导词that被省略了。
[考题12] Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ____ it is rough or smooth. (2005天津)
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what
[答案] B
[解析] 题干中的or意味着下划线处需要表示“是否”的含义。
[考题13] ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (2006山东)
A. No matter what B. No matter which
C. Whatever D. Whichever
[答案] D
[解析] 下划线处引导全句的主语, 因此不能选用只能引导让步状语从句的选项A、 B; 下划线处表示“任何一支(获胜的球队)”之意, 用which的相关形式更为合适, 因此进一步排除C而选出D。
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
备注::我有整理一份关于从句引导词用法的文档,弄懂了引导词的用法,从句关就过了一半了。如果有需要的话可以问我要。
2、整个句子可以这样翻译“我买了一些书,但是没有一本好看的”。本来买书就是因为想看,句中“but”一词表示转折之意,即现在的情况跟预期的不一致。所以是说书不好看。因为书有好几本,所以是三者或三者以上的全部否定,只能用none表达这种意思。
建议:可以了解一下each、every、both、neither、either和none的用法区分,字数有限就不详细说明了。
3、这是定语从句的一个常考点,你只需要记住一句话:当先行词是“way”(方式。办法)时,定语从句的引导词位置可以有三种处理方式:“that”/“which”/省略不填
4、这题就是我第二题的建议涉及的知识点。“他有两个儿子,他们都是大学生”。这里的后半句是肯定句,前面“two sons”说明是两个人。表示两者中的全部肯定是用“both”的。扩展:如果是两者之间的全部否定就用neither。
另外前一个句子有两个主谓结构,就说明有一个是从句,所以需要引导词。这里是个主语从句,从句中缺宾语。能够指人,又充当介词后面的宾语的引导词就只有whom
后一个句子不一样,因为两个主谓结构之间用了and这个连词,所以变成了并列句,不需要引导词,所以可以用them。
5、这两个都是定语从句。主要还是考引导词的用法。
前一个句子的从句是“________is in the north of the city.”缺少一个主语,也就是说,引导词要代替先行词room在从句中充当主语。符合这样的条件的有“which”或是“that”
后一个句子的从句是“_______there is a beautiful table.”这个句子不看横线处也是完整的,所以不可能是缺主、宾、表这些重要成分,唯一的可能就是缺一个状语。由于前面的先行词room是个地点名词,所以我们就选择可以充当地点状语的关系副词where来引导。当然也可以用“in which”代替“where”(有的时候,介词+关系代词=关系副词)
第一题中定语从句的先行词是food,定语从句修饰food,先行词在定语从句中应该充当宾语成分,所以应该用关系代词that和which,而在这种情况下that和which又可以省略,所以填we eat,全句翻译为几乎所有(我们吃的)食物都来自动物和植物。 括号内的是定语从句。
第二题翻译为我买了一些书,但是没有一本好看。none of 表示一定范围的事物当中没有一个怎么怎么样,这个them指代前面提到的books,因为前后两个句子用连词but 连接,所以后面这个句子可以做成一个完整的句子,如果省略but 那么就应该填 none of which。
第三题也是定语从句,先行词是way,这里的that是关系副词,that用在表示时间,地点,方式,理由的名词之后,取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导定语从句,修饰的先行词通常为the way,the time,the day,the place 等,在口语中that经常省略。
第四题第一句翻译为他有两个儿子,都是大学生,sons是先行词
第四题第二句翻译为他有两个儿子,而且两个都是大学生,因为有连词and连接,所以后面一句可以直接做成完整的句子。
倒数第二个句子,先行词是room,宾语从句是——is in the north of the city,这个宾语从句缺少主语,因此需要在空白处填入一个可以做主语的关系代词,而先行词是物,所以可以填which
最后一个句子,宾语从句是——there is a beautiful table,我们可以看到这个宾语从句的主干是完整的,不缺少主干成分,这个存在句唯一缺少的就是一个表示地点的状语,因此我们可以知道这个宾语从句的先行词是地点,即in the room,所以空白处应该填关系副词where
1 nearly all the food (that)we eat comes from animals and plants. all 修饰先行词,定从引导词用that,that在从句中做宾语可省略。
2 i bought somer books,but ___was good. 有but是并列句所以用none of them做主语
3 the way ____you are doing it is completely crazy 先行词是way 引导词用that、in which、不填
(4)he has two sons,___are collge students. 非限制性定语从句,用both of whom
he has two sons ,and_____are college students 有and是并列句所以用both of them做主语
he still lives in the room ________is in the north of the city. the room 做从句主语指物用 which
he still lives in the room _______there is a beautiful table. there is a beautiful table in the room 。where替代的是地点状语in the room
请你多阅读高中语法定语从句讲解。这里有:http://www.gzenxx.com/Html/grammar/201108/1030.html
http://www.gzenxx.com/Html/grammar/201108/1026.html
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仲孙影妙纳: 定 语 从 句 一、 定语从句简介: 作用 定语从句在复合句中起定语的作用 位置 定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后 关联词 引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who,whom, whose, which 和that,以及关系副词when,where,...
波密县19326284300: 英语定语从句?
仲孙影妙纳: 应该选when.英语定语从句关键两点:先行词和引导词.引导词在人称和数上必须和先行词保持一致,同时引导词在定语从句中要充当某个句子成分.你提问的句子中stay是个不及物动词,后面不能带宾语的,而when是副词,作状语用的,所以这里要用when.
波密县19326284300: 英语中的定语从句?
仲孙影妙纳: (1)一般情况,that在定语从句中可以代替which和who,也就是说,一般定语从句用that是最保险的(无论先行词是人还是物都可用that). 如:a man who/that never give up; the book which/that on the desk is mine.(不知道你是否了解“先行词”...