在“It is adj to do +宾语从句”句式中，真正的主语（非形式主语）是哪一部分？
it is neccessary for us to
i think it的it是形式宾语 形式主语和形式宾语通常用在不定式中，用it代替。
形式主语it +谓语或宾语+ adj +to do sth
如It is useful to study English。在这个句中真正的主语是后面的to do形式，it 叫形式主语。
形式宾语的句子 主语 谓语或宾语 it adj to do sth
如I think it is intresesting to dance 。真正的宾语是to do形式，it叫形式宾语。
形式主语和宾语的使用都是为了简化语句，让别人一目了然。之所以用it 代替是 避免头重脚轻。
“it”作形式宾语时的几种特殊结构
在英语中，当动词不定式、动名词或从句在句中充当宾语且其后又带有宾语补足语时，习惯上要在宾语补足语前使用一个没有具体意义的形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面，构成“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式（动名词或从句）”结构。如：
She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
她感到好好照顾他们是她的责任。
I think it no good going there now.
我认为现在去那里没有好处。
The headmaster has made it clear that the school meeting will not be put off.
校长说得很清楚校会不会推迟。
但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。
I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them (答案为: A)
我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。
I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (全国卷 2004)
A. this B. that C. it D. one (答案为: C)
我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。
以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。
A. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。
We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.
要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.
要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。
B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后（it相当于that从句的同位语）。
I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.
我认为他们迟早会成功的。
The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.
报上说一些日本商号破产了。
Rumor has it that Mary is getting married. 谣传玛丽快结婚了。
I take it that you have been out. 我以为你一直出门在外。
Let me come and stay. You can put it that it was arranged before.
就让我来呆在这儿吧，你就说原先就是这样安排的。
C. 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句。常见于bring it to one's attention;
owe it to sb; take it for granted 等结构中。
I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。
Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
D. 动词 + 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。
I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.
我将负责按时做好一切准备。
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。
I’m counting on it that you will come. 我指望着你会来。
E. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。
I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995.
我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。
They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place.
他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。
“It”作形式主语和宾语
It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、 It 用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.
(说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕
It is no use arguing about it.
(争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It is uncertain who will come.
(谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕
It 作形式主语的常见句型：
① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.
(学一门外语非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk.
(覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。)
② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies.
(撒谎没好处。)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.
(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。)
③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….
该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。)
④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)
It appears that Tom might change his mind.
(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)
⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。
e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?
(他们明天不来很重要吗？)
Is it true that he will go abroad next week?
(他下周出国是真的吗？)
⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.
(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)
It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.
(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)
How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?
(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)
I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.
(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。)
二、It 用作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：
① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
（他立志决不向别人借钱。）
I think it no need talking about it with them.
（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）
③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）
Would you see to it that she gets home early?
（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）
④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）
试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：
1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90)
A. this B. that C. its D. it
3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91)
A. this B. that C. he D. it
4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help. (MET93)
A. he B. which C. she D. it
5. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (MET95)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. (上海98)
A. take as granted B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted D. take it for granted
8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
模拟练习：
1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.
A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that
2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.
A. that B. this C. it D. them
3. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?
A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly
4. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear.
A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who
5. _______ is going to America for further study.
A. He is said that B. People said that he
C. It was said he D. It is said that he
6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A. this B. there C. that D. it
8. She liked _______ when he kissed her.
A. him B. that C. one D. it
9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. One
10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
Key: 高考真题: 1-8 CDDDDADC
模拟练习: 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD
主语从句(Subject Clause)
定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
(2)连词位于句首不能省略
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末
(1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is 形容词名词某些动词ed that 从句.
(2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should do should have done)
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法,介绍 一.主语从句
主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is 名词从句
It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that 是常识
(2) it is 形容词从句
It is natural that 很自然
It is strange that奇怪的是
(3) it is 不及物动词从句
It seems that似乎
It happened that 碰巧 (4) it 过去分词从句
It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:
What you said yesterday is right.
二:宾语从句的几个特征:1、引导词:what which whose when whether if where
2语序:宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。
如:I think that you must work harder.
宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。
(1)表达时间的几个句型:一般用when或者是what time:
What time will the train leave?
由于时刻都是固定的,也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时:
What time does the train leave?
(2)时间的表达方式:8:19(nineteen past eight),(three to eight),在时间的中间也可以加上分的单词(minutes)
(3)had better 动词原型。意思是提要求,建议。但是上下级不能用这种方式,因为语气太重:
You had better give up smoking .
(4)sb leave sth 地点
I left my book in my classroom yesterday.
(5)may I have your name(address\age)?一般询问对方的年龄、名字等,不要习惯以前的问法,这样很不礼貌,而是要采访上面的问法。以前的习惯是:how old are you? \what's your name?
(6)修饰名词的代词次序:类 名词:
this is a bridge.
This is a beautiful bridge
例句:It is important to study hard. 努力学习是很重要的。
It is nice to see you here. 在这儿见到你很开心。
对，it是形式主语。to do+宾语从句是真正的主语
席徐硫糖：[答案] 你好,同学,在这个句型中,it是做形式主语的,那真正的主语是to do不定式,有时这个句子中会加入for sb的情况. 比如,举个例子:It is right (for Mary) to finish the homework. it 做形式主语, to finish the h...
铜官山区15561562030： 老师问一下,it is +名词+doing对吗it is +adj.+to do和+doing有什么区别? - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] it is +adj. +to do和+doing 宽泛来看没有区别; 细分析,to do 表示将来,蕴含着 “还未做,但要是去做,会怎么样” 这种意思; doing ,蕴含着 “做某种事的时候,也就是你真正在做这种事情的时候,会怎么样” 这种意思 to do 的句型更常见些.
铜官山区15561562030： It is +adj +to do sth.是什么句式啊? - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] It is +adj +to do sth.就是这样的句式啊如:It is hard to slove the problem.it在这里作形式主语,真正的主语是(to) slove the problem,相当于:To slove the problem is hard.很难解决这个问题(或:解决这个问题...
铜官山区15561562030： I's adj(形容词) to do 句中的to do 做什么成份 帮我分析这句话 - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] it is + adj + to do sth 是一个主系表结构的句子,表面上看它的主语是it,其实它的真正主语是形容词后面的 to do sth.因此,在语法中,it被称作形式主语,而to do 被称为真正的主语. 翻译成汉语就会更明白我的意思.例如,it is interesting to play the ...
铜官山区15561562030： It is adj to do与doing的区别是什么? - ？
席徐硫糖： It is adj +to do 这是常用结构,It is no good/use doing 或It is a waste of time/money doing 这样的结构比较少.也就是常用to do,仅在以上句型中用doing.
铜官山区15561562030： it is+adj+to do sth.意思 - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] 看例子:It is interesting to play pingpong. 打乒乓球很有意思. 所以it is+adj+to do sth.的意思是: 做某事让人感觉怎么样
铜官山区15561562030： 做某事是怎样的句型?是it adj to do sth还是it is adj to do! - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] 应该是: It is +adj.+to do sth . 例如: It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很周重要.
铜官山区15561562030： 1.用It is +adj.+ to do句型连词成句like London/ live / expensive / a big city / live in2.他到别人盘子里取东西是不礼貌的It was impolite of him to - _____ - others' ... - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] 1、It is expensive to live a big city ,like live in London.意思:居住在一个大城市是昂贵的,比方说住在伦敦. 2、可以填:take 希望对您有所帮助.
铜官山区15561562030： 英语语法 关于 It is + adj + to do/doing - ？
席徐硫糖： 不对不对. It is+adj+to do不定式表示的是将来要做的事, 而It is+adj+doing动名词表示一般的状态. 小家伙,努力学英语吧~
铜官山区15561562030： it is adj to do 和it is adj do一样吗?有没有it is adj do?好像是两个句型的结构上不同把?解释一下啊! - ？
席徐硫糖：[答案] 没有it is adj do.It is + no use,no good (fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用.It is a great fun playing foo...
