托福阅读题pollination答案
你好，我送你一些关于托福学习的方法：
托福阅读中有一些关键但又容易被忽略的词汇，之所以被忽略，是因为它们貌似简单，之所以重要，是因为它们往往在托福阅读的文中担负重要的使命，经过总结，有三类词汇入选：
1、似曾相识，却不知其确切含义
2、一词多义，只知其一不知其二
3、熟词僻义，熟者过熟僻者极僻
perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景
prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找
appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激
elaborate v. &adj. 精心制作，详细描述;精心制作的
address v.从事，忙于;n. 演讲
appropriate v. 拨给（资金）， 盗用/ adj.合适的
strain n. 血统，品系，菌株;紧张，张力;v.扭伤，拉紧
article n. 物品，商品
intrigue v. &n 激发兴趣;密谋;阴谋
intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的
assume v. 承担，担任;假装;假设
bark n. 树皮; 犬吠
bill n.议案，法案; 。鸟嘴;账单
champion vt. 支持，拥护;n.冠军
aging n.老化，陈酿
complex n. 综合体 adj.复杂的
concern n. 公司（垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译）
attribute v. &n 归因于;特征，属性
default n. &v. 不履行;违约;拖欠;默认（值）
drill vt. 钻（孔）;训练，操练
exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩
fair n. 集市，交易会;adj.公平的，美丽的 adv.公平地，直接地
fairly adv. 相当地，公平地
game n. 猎物，野味;
fashion vt. 形成，塑造 n.时尚，方式
inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的
alternate v. &adj. 交替，轮流; 交替的
alternating adj.交互的，交替的
alternative n. &adj. 可供选择的方案（option）;
选择性的（optional）
figure n. 人物;体形
hit n. 轰动一时的人物或作品vt. 偶然碰见
find n. 发现（物）
spring v. &n 跃出，触发;弹簧，弹性;泉水
humor n.体液
import v. &n 重要;进口
preserve v. &n. 禁猎区;蜜饯;保护
quality adj. &n 1.优质的;性质，品质
issue v. &n. 流出; 出版，发行;问题
jar v. &n 震动;坛子
envision v.想象，预想
literature n. 文献;文学
lot n. 一块地;命运，签
fine adj. 细小的，美好的;v.罚款
minute adj. 微小的，细小的
novel adj. 新颖的
casual 偶然的，随便的
causal 原因的，因果关系的
pound v. 猛击;乱敲
rear v. &n饲养，栽培;后面的
produce n. 产品（尤指农产品）
project v. &n使突出，伸出;放映，投射;方案，工程
relief n. 凸起，浮雕;（痛苦）减轻，安慰
provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。
save conj. 除了
rent 断口，裂缝
rift 裂缝， 「地质」断裂
pronounced adj. 断然的，显著的
scale v. &n 攀登; 天平，刻度; 鳞; 规模，范围;「音」音阶
school n. （鱼）群;学派，流派
genre n. 类型，流派
score n. 「音乐」乐谱;刻痕;得分
screen v. &n 筛，过滤（器）;掩蔽，屏风;屏幕
secure v. &adj. 得到;使安全;安全的
acquire 获得
season v. 调味
spot v. &n发现，认出，定位;斑点;场所
stand v. 经受，忍受
wind v. 绕缠
weather 风化，侵蚀
wear v.磨损，销蚀
stem v. &n 滋生，起源于; 茎
temper n. 增效剂;（灰泥的）稠度;脾气，性情
wage v. 实行，发动（战争等） n.工资
以上是托福阅读中容易被忽略的词，大家一定要好好记牢，就算是与朋友调侃中也可脱口而出，日常生活中多接触英语，才可在托福考试中更能灵活运用，只要是在学习，一定会有进步。祝你好运，取得理想的成绩！
如果你需要学习资料和备考资料可以在百度HI里和我沟通，我传给你~~
坚持不懈。加油 背单词 听听力
60. Traditionally, pollination by wind hasTraditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive
process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are
compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the
ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much
more pollen than is actually used. Because the potential hazards pollen grains
are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous,
wind-pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss
of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that
is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species
pollinated by insects.
However, a number of features that are characteristic of wind-pollinated
plants reduce pollen waste. For example, many wind-pollinated species fail to
release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail. Recent
studies suggest another way in which species compensate for the inefficiency of
wind pollination. These studies suggest that species frequently take advantage
of the physics of pollen motion by generating specific aerodynamic environments
within the immediate vicinity of their female reproductive organs. It is the
morphology of these organs that dictates the pattern of airflow disturbances
through which pollen must travel. The speed and direction of the airflow
disturbances can combine with the physical properties of a species’ pollen to
produce a species-specific pattern of pollen collision on the surfaces of female
reproductive organs. Provided that these surfaces are strategically located, the
consequences of this combination can significantly increase the pollen-capture
efficiency of a female reproductive organ.
A critical question that remains to be answered is whether the
morphological attributes of the female reproductive organs of wind-pollinated
species are evolutionary adaptations to wind pollination or are merely
fortuitous. A complete resolution of the question is as yet impossible since
adaptation must be evaluated for each species within its own unique functional
context. However, it must be said that, while evidence of such evolutionary
adaptations does exist in some species, one must be careful about attributing
morphology to adaptation. For example, the spiral arrangement of scale-bract
complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones, where the female reproductive organs of
conifers are located, is important to the production of airflow patterns that
spiral over the cone’s surfaces, thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale
to the next. However, these patterns cannot be viewed as an adaptation to wind
pollination because the spiral arrangement occurs in a number of
non-wind-pollinated plant lineages and is regarded as a characteristic of
vascular plants, of which conifers are only one kind, as a whole. Therefore, the
spiral arrangement is not likely to be the result of a direct adaptation to wind
pollination.
21. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing
(A) the current debate on whether the morphological attributes of
wind-pollinated plants are evolutionary adaptations
(B) the kinds of airflow patterns that permit wind-pollinated plants to
capture pollen most efficiently
(C) the ways in which the reproductive processes of wind-pollinated plants
are controlled by random events
(D) a recently proposed explanation of a way in which wind-pollinated
plants reduce pollen waste
(E) a specific morphological attribute that permits one species of
wind-pollinated plant to capture pollen
22. The author suggests that explanations of wind pollination that
emphasize the production of vast quantities of pollen to compensate for the
randomness of the pollination process are
(A) debatable and misleading
(B) ingenious and convincing
(C) accurate but incomplete
(D) intriguing but controversial
(E) plausible but unverifiable
23. According to the passage, the “aerodynamic environments” mentioned in
line 23, when they are produced, are primarily determined by the
(A) presence of insects near the plant
(B) physical properties of the plant’s pollen
(C) shape of the plant’s female reproductive organs
(D) amount of pollen generated by the plant
(E) number of seeds produced by the plant
24. According to the passage, true statements about the release of pollen
by wind-pollinated plants include which of the following?
I. The release can be affected by certain environmental factors.
II. The amount of pollen released increases on a rainy day.
III. Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little
wind.
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
25. The passage suggests that the recent studies cited in lines 19-21 have
not done which of the following?
(A) Made any distinctions between different species of wind-pollinated
plants.
(B) Considered the physical properties of the pollen that is produced by
wind-pollinated plants.
(C) Indicated the general range within which plant-generated airflow
disturbances are apt to occur.
(D) Included investigations of the physics of pollen motion and its
relationship to the efficient capture of pollen by the female reproductive
organs of wind-pollinated plants.
(E) Demonstrated that the morphological attributes of the female
reproductive organs of wind-pollinated plants are usually evolutionary
adaptations to wind pollination.
26. It can be inferred from the passage that the claim that the spiral
arrangement of scale-bract complexes on an ovule-bearing pine cone is an
adaptation to wind pollination would be more convincing if which of the
following were true?
(A) Such an arrangement occurred only in wind-pollinated plants.
(B) Such an arrangement occurred in vascular plants as a whole.
(C) Such an arrangement could be shown to be beneficial to pollen
release.
(D) The number of bracts could be shown to have increased over time.
(E) The airflow patterns over the cone’s surfaces could be shown to be
produced by such arrangements.
27. Which of the following, if known, is likely to have been the kind of
evidence used to support the view described in the first paragraph?
(A) Wind speeds need not be very low for wind-pollinated plants to fail to
release pollen.
(B) The female reproductive organs of plants often have a sticky surface
that allows them to trap airborne pollen systematically.
(C) Grasses, as well as conifers, generate specific aerodynamic
environments within the immediate vicinity of their reproductive organs.
(D) Rain showers often wash airborne pollen out of the air before it ever
reaches an appropriate plant.
(E) The density and size of an airborne pollen grain are of equal
importance in determining whether that grain will be captured by a plant.
答案：DCCDE AD
Most plant can be pollinate by a pollinater, such as bees and other insects. Today we are going to talk about how do most plant pollinate.
First, when the pollinater fly to a flower it will drink the sweet part of the flower, which if called nectar. lt fly to the flower because the pollinater saw the beautiful colour of the flower, intrestingly, the colour that the pollinaters saw is different from what we(humans) see. Then, when the pollinaters were drinking the sweet nectars, pollins will stick on the pollinater's body. Afterwards, the pollinaters will saw another flower(same type of the flower where the pollinater first drink the nectar). The pollinaters will fly to the other flower with pollins on its body, some of it will fall on the female part of the plant which is called the pistil. This pollen will slide down to the ovules or eggs inside the flower. Finally, when pollin reaches an ovule, it is called fertiliztion. This means the plant willeprodurce or make new seeds!
蒸彦化癥： 作者态度题分为两种:A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题.文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题,它涉及通篇托福阅读文章,要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题,也就是作者行文的口气.这种题的托福阅读题的解题技巧是考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题,因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点,而是考整体感觉.局部作者态度题位置比较灵活,往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法,题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域,考查考生对某个语言点的理解.有时候,某个选项从作者的表达相悖,因此,做作者态度题时,考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者.tpo小站1对1toefl培训
故城县19451494274： 做托福阅读,每篇阅读的第14题,那种题型我都答不对,我想情况各位大神,第14题的那种答题技巧是啥, - ？
蒸彦化癥： 阅读好简单的...唯一有那么一点理由做错的应该是那个6选3大题,懂技巧的话不是那么难...准备工作是吧托福第一段的第一句和最后一句,以及之后每段首句读了,如果每段能扫那么一下,稍微有点印象就更好了.然后开始看题,6个中,先找本身错误的,比如意思反了,或者张冠李戴的,排除掉.然后就变成4选3啦!然后,看人品蒙,就可以拿一半分了,多简单!再往下就难些,要对照这几个句子和阅读那几段,能代表一两段大意的是正确答案,过分细节的,事实性的,论据性的,先排除,最后看看排哪个留哪个就行了.
故城县19451494274： 托福答阅读题时会显示文章吗?当开始答阅读题时,文章还会出现吗?答文章总结题(prose summary questions)和表格题(fill in a table questions)这种... - ？
蒸彦化癥：[答案] 会显示,左边是题目,右边是文章 文章有移动条,可以上下拉动
故城县19451494274： 托福阅读题型6选3 我选2个自己比较确定的 如果都对能得分吗?虽然系统要求要选3个了. - ？
蒸彦化癥： 您好,百利天下教育考试专家为您解答:托福阅读最后一道6选3题满分为2分,要求考生从6个选项中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项,如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项,不得分;如果选对2个选项,得1分;如果选对了3个选项,得2分.
故城县19451494274： 托福文章小结题求助~~~ - ？
蒸彦化癥： 做文章小结题一般要2~3分钟,方法有个:1、定位法.通过每一个选项的关键词回原文定位(老师通常推荐这种方法,我觉得很不靠谱,不过说不定有用)2、中心句+定位法(我通常用这一种)快速阅览每一段的中心句,大致明白每一段讲什么,再让选项对号入座,我就使用着一种.一般做2分钟只会错2、3个.或者你可以在这些基础上改进,我当初就把老师的方法改了.刚开始做的时候技巧还不熟练,错的会比较多.多做一些就没事了.
故城县19451494274： 如何解答托福阅读修饰目的题 - ？
蒸彦化癥： 下面,新东方网托福频道为您整理托福阅读中,修饰目的题的答题方法. 1、托福阅读修辞目的题的两种考察形式: 在阅读考试中,这类题目有两种不同的考察形式:一种是给出修辞手段问目的,另一种是给出修辞目的问手段. 其常见的题目...
故城县19451494274： 如何正确解答托福阅读事实信息题 - ？
蒸彦化癥： 1、认识选项特征 事实信息题的正确选项是可以和题干共同完成一个意群表述的内容,错误选项有三种情形:一种是和原文无关的选项,这种选项可能会出现原文\题干讨论对象,但是陈述内容是编造出来的,原文中没有依据;一种是和题目无关...
故城县19451494274： 托福阅读最后一题是如何算入总分的?怎么计算的 - ？
蒸彦化癥： 想要了解托福阅读评分标准那么就需要先对托福阅读部分进行全面的了解,托福阅读总共有3篇文章如遇到加试,则随机3篇文章算分,另1篇文章不算分.每篇文章700个字,对应14道题目.其中,13道题是基础信息和推断题,每道题1分.最后一道题是小结题,俗称大题,满分2分.大题一般情况下是6选3,3个选项错一个扣一分,扣完为止,即在答题中错2或3个选项,这个题目不得分.因此,每篇文章对应14个题目,共15分.托福阅读部分整体42道题,对应原始分数满分45分.将会给出原始分数与最终分数的对应.托福阅读满分为42至45分不等,转换为标准分后满分为30分.
故城县19451494274： 托福阅读一共多少题 总共多少分 - ？
蒸彦化癥： 若是你想冲击托福110+,大多的老师都会建议你阅读要拿满分.27,28看似也很高,但如果你的其他三项有一项瘸腿,且你认为拼了老命也难提分,那么这时候,只有托福阅读拿满分才能把差的那一项失去的分补回来.如果你拿不到满分,可能...
