英语语法：什么时候用全倒装，什么时候用半倒装

英语中 什么时候用部分倒装 什么时候用~

全部倒装和部分倒装用法详解
一、使用全部倒装的情况
There goes the ambulance.救护车来了。
2.表示地点、方向、时间的副词（here, out, in,up, down, back off, away, now, then等）位于句首时。谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词（go, come, leave, move, run, rush, ny, jump等）。如：
Here is a telegram for you.这儿有你一封电报。
Down jumpedthe man from the horse.那人从马上跳下来。
在上述情况中，主语是代词时，则不用倒装。如：
Here you are.给你。
In he came and the meeting began.他进来，会议就开始了。
3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如：
Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。
4.直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如：
"Are you listening to English on the radio?" said Mother.
但，引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时，不倒装。如：
5.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
Long live our great country!伟大的祖国万岁！
二、使用部分倒装的情况
1.only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时。如：
Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。
Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。
但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。如：
Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
2.含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首时。如：
Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。

3.not until位于句首时。如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。
在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：
Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。
4.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）。如：
Hardly had the baby seenthe dogwhen she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
NO sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
5.not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。如：
Not only does he teach in school, but hewrites novels.他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。
Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。
6.so/neither/nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词／情态动词＋主语”。如：
She hasbeen to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连，我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
但同意对方的看法，表示“是的、确实”之意时，用“so+主语＋be/have／助动词／情态动词”句式，即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。如：
—Maggie had a wonderful time at the pany.
—_______________, and so did I.
A. So she had　　B. So had she
C. So she did　　D. So did she
（05安徽）
7.as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将谓语部分的形容词／名词／动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。如：
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
8.在so/such...that...结构中，so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。如：
So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。
Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义，以至于所有的听众都很感动。
9.在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中，省去if，把这三个词放在句首时。如：
Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents.如果她现在在这儿，她就能照顾她的父母了。
Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should haveseen you.要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。
10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
May you be happy!祝你幸福！

为了表示强调，经常将never等否定副词或by no means等杏定词组放在句首，此时句子要求将系动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，而谓语部分位置不变，这就是部分倒装。 常用的否定副词或词组有：
never little not until in no sense under no circumstances seldom nowhere not in the least in no way under no condition hardly in vain by no means in no shape no sooner...than...scarcely not often on no account in no case Hardly / Scarcely...when... rarely not a bit at no time in no wise not only...but(also)...如：
Never have I seen such a terrible performance.
我从未见过这么糟糕的演出。
当only +状语或状语从句位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装。如：

Only in this way is it possible to explain their actions.
只有以这种方式才能解释他们的行为。
比较状语从句中的倒装（重点）

由than或as引导的比较状语从句中，有时会将从句中的助动词、系动词或情态动词前置到较长的名词主语之前，以保持结构平衡，主语若为代词则无须倒装。如：
You speak English better than do most of your classmates.
你英语讲得比你大多数同学都好。

部分倒装
1. 否定意义的词或短语，位于句首，需部分倒装。如否定词no, not, never；半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few；no合成的代词或副词nobody, nothing, nowhere；否定的短语not until, by no means, in no way, in no time, under no circumstances。
No word did he say before he left.
Never had I heard or seen such a thing.
Little did I know about it.
Nowhere will you find better roses than theses.
Not until he went abroad did he know the truth.
By no means shall we give up.
2. not only (merely, alone, simply)…(but) also 连接两个并列分句，前一分句需倒装。
Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.
注意：Not only you but also I（连接并列主语不倒装）will attend the meeting.
3. neither…nor连接两个并列分句，前后两个分句都倒装。
Neither did they write nor did they telephone.
Neither is he wrong nor are you.
Neither could I help you, nor could he.
Neither French nor German do I know.
Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.
注意： Neither you nor I（连接并列主语不倒装） like this book.
4. Only + 状语，位于句首，需部分倒装。
Only when I got there did I know the truth.
Only in the morning can you meet him.
Only him did I see yesterday.
注意：Only Li Lei（修饰主语不倒装） can answer this question.
5. 在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中，省略if，将were, had, should移到句首，需部分倒装。
Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it.
Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
6. as / though引导让步状语从句时，用部分倒装。
Old as / though he is, he works like a young man.
Much as I admire her, I can’t forgive her faults.
Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.
In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts.
注意：Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.
（表语是单数可数名词，倒装时省略名词前的a/an）
7. so…that…和 such…that…引导状语从句，当so或such提到句首时，主句需用倒装语序。
So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.
So good a girl is she that we all like her.
Such a good girl is she that we all like her.
8. to such an extent, to such a degree, to such lengths介词短语位于句首时，需倒装。
To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.
To such an extent did they fight that they broke up.
9. so 位于后一分句句首，表示“也一样”，需倒装。
He has been to Beijing, and so have I.
Tom will go there next summer, and so will I.
He can speak French. So can I.
She respected me. So did I.
Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
10. neither, nor, no more 位于后一分句句首，表示“也不”，需倒装。
He didn’t see the film, neither did she.
I don’t enjoy singing, nor did I like computer games.
She is not into music, nor am I.
He can’s drive a car. No more can I.
11. be动词引导的让步状语从句需倒装。
Be he rich or poor, I will love him for the rest of my life.
12. as引导的方式状语从句中，可采用倒装，也可不用。
My uncle, as did other hunters, had a dog team.
He was honest and diligent, as were most of his classmated.
13. 在比较状语从句中因主语较长，或带有较长的修饰语时可倒装，也可不用。
He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.
American consumed more energy than did our country.

完全倒装—即将谓语移到主语前
1. 以 here, there, now, then或out, in, up, down, off, away, below, back 等方向性副词开头的句子，需完全倒装。
Here comes the bus.
Now comes your turn.
Then came a new difficulty.
In came an old man with a white beard.
Out rushed a cat from under the table.
Off went the horse.
注意：The door opened and in she came.
Here you are.
Out he rushed. （主语为代词不倒装）
2. 表地点的介词短语位于句首，需完全倒装。
Around the lake are some tall tree.
At the end of the valley lies a small lake.
Under the table sleeps a brown cat.
3. 表语位于句首时，需完全倒装。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.
Gone are the days when we were together.
Happy are those who are contended.
注意：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。

主语为名词 采取全部倒装 若是否定词hardly、ever或者是像only这样的副词放在句首就只能采取部分倒装了 最后 元宵节快乐

neither, nor, no more 位于后一分句句首，表示“也不”，需倒装。
He didn’t see the film, neither did she.
I don’t enjoy singing, nor did I like computer games.
She is not into music, nor am I.
He can’s drive a car. No more can I.

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