平仄仄平平仄仄 仄平平仄仄平平 这个是春联吗?
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春联是对联的一种。世界上的语言文字怕有上万种吧,但独有汉语言文字才可以作对联。对联经过千百年的锤炼形成了一套独特的规矩。这种艺术特色主要体现在语义和音韵两个方面。
先说音韵。汉字分五声:阴平、阳平、上声、去声、入声。如“妈、麻、马、骂、抹”、“呼、扶、虎、父、福”。前二声是平声(用“—”表示),后三声是仄声(用“|”表示)。我们平常说话和谐好听,就是不自觉地让平仄搭配起来。如“张三李四”、“三心二意”、“桃红柳绿”,都是平平仄仄结构;而“半夜三更”、“左右为难”则是仄仄平平结构。对联之所以有味,首先就因为它体现了我们汉语中这种平仄和谐的音韵美。
对联有上、下联。用字极其讲究平仄搭配。它用字的平仄规矩有个口诀:上下联,字相等。单联内,平仄间(错开)。两联间,平仄反(平对仄,仄对平)。一三五不论,二四六分明(单数字可平可仄,双数字平仄铁定)。上联尾字仄,下联落脚平。平起仄相连(平起式),仄起平相连(仄起式)。唐朝诗人王之涣《登鹳雀楼》的前两句和后两句,恰恰就是两种格式的两副五字联:
白日依山尽, 仄仄平平仄
黄河入海流。 平平仄仄平
欲穷千里目, + 平平仄仄
更上一层楼。 仄仄仄平平
“欲”是仄声,按规定应是平声,但“一三五不论”,所以可平可仄了。下同。
杜甫的一首绝句就恰恰是两种格式的两副七字联了:
两个黄鹂鸣翠柳,仄仄平平平仄仄
一行白鹭上青天。+平仄仄仄平平
窗含西岭千秋雪,平平+ 仄平平仄
门泊东吴万里船。+仄平平仄仄平
对联还有横额,四个字。但也可不用。如用,也必须平仄相间,并且一般是仄仄平平。照样,一三两字可灵活应用。
其次说语义。对联少则三五字,长则几百字;但有两点必须遵守。一是上下联的词性、句式要相同,即名词对名词,动词对动词,形容词对形容词,等等;动宾结构对动宾结构,倒装结构对倒装结构,排比结构对排比结构,等等。二是上下联的意思不能相同,要互补,要递进。否则,就叫做合掌。合掌是联家的大忌。一般会作对联的人,平仄没问题,词性、句式上也少毛病,合掌之病却往往被忽略了。旧时商家用的一副春联:“生意兴隆通四海,财源茂盛达三江”(现在一些住家也多滥用),就是合掌的典型。
此外,春联是过年用的对联,就必须具有“年味”。年味内涵很丰富,从精神上讲,一要突出辞旧迎新,二要突出喜庆吉祥。春联可概述过去一年的成就,描绘愿景;可歌颂祖国的强盛、社区的和谐,祝福老人健康长寿,儿孙快乐成长;可联生肖交接构思;可按照用联门面性质,住户具体情况起稿。关键是要新,要贴切。
简述了春联的规矩后,再看开头所引两联的毛病何在吧。特大长联属仄起式,其平仄标示如下:
仄仄平平仄仄平平仄
仄仄平平仄仄仄平平
它的词性、句式都对,上联平仄也没问题。问题出在下联,除了“落脚平”对了和“一三五不论”之外,其余“二四六”位置上的四个字的平仄全错了,本来应与上联相对四个字的平声相反,该是仄声的却全成了平声。央视三套那联属平起式,其词性、句式也对了,声韵却错得更厉害。上下联的平仄全相同了,连上联的尾字也成了平声。它的整个联意也有点问题。既然上联涉及生肖交接虎年来,那么下联一般就应对接牛年去。再次,用“莺歌燕舞”来形容“会英雄”,显然不切,太软,“龙腾虎跃会英雄”还差不多。
正因为现在普遍缺乏春联的常识,所以随处可见把春联上下联贴反的现象。一般上联要贴门的右边(一人面对门为准),下联贴左边。因为我国古来文字竖写是从右至左,且有以左为大的习惯。
(参考来自:2010年03月23日 星期二 深圳晚报)
首先要搞清楚什么是平仄。
平仄,指诗文的韵律。
古代汉语的声调分平、上(shǎng)、去、入四声。“平”指四声中的平声,包括阴平、阳平二声;“仄”指四声中的仄声,包括上、去、入三声。四声特点为:平声平道莫低昂,上声高呼猛烈强,去声分明哀远道,入声短促急收藏。
普通话四声中,分为阴平、阳平、上声及去声。 古代“平声”这个声调在普通话中分化为阴平及阳平,即第一声、第二声。 上声是现代汉语拼音的第三声。 古代“去声”即第四声。 古代“入声”这个声调在普通话中已经不存在。
其次,春联属于诗文里特殊的一种,当然也符合平仄的韵律,下面举一例子:
1.一年四季春常在 万紫千红花永开 横批:喜迎新春
平平仄仄平平仄 仄仄平平平仄平
2.春满人间,百花吐艳 福临小院,四季常安 横批:欢度春节
平仄平平,仄平仄仄 平平仄仄,仄仄平平
另外,人名中也包含平仄的韵律,比如张韶涵(平仄平),李连杰(仄平仄)
平仄是大学汉语言文字学专业 《古代汉语》中音韵学知识
首先平仄音你懂吧,这对联就巧妙的运用了平仄音,NB的是横批。
下面是原文,看看就知道了:
新科进士王熙平,大登科之后又小登科,在京中娶了一位侍郎的女儿。
大礼之日,宾客盈门,纪晓岚也前往祝贺。但是,他的礼物与众不同,送的是副对联。上下联分别是:平平仄仄平平仄,仄仄平平仄仄平。
横批:平上去入。
这下可把王进士难住了,怎么也猜不透什么意思,和其他人讨论半天,也不解其意。
夜深人静了,他在烛光下面,还拿着对联看个不停。新娘出身书香门第,也通晓文墨,她见新郎痴痴地发愣,觉得奇怪,凑过去一看是副对联,仔细看了好久,也像坠到了五里雾中。
等到夫妻行其周公大礼之时,新郎才恍然大悟,大声喊道:"我明白了,我明白了!"接着哧哧地笑个不停。
新娘被他笑糊涂了,问道:"你明白什么了?"
“我明白那对联什么意思了。"新郎说。
"奥?什么意思啊?"新娘问道。
"主要奥妙在横批里,你听好,我给你再念念: "平!上去入(日),接下来还可以平平仄仄平平仄,仄仄平平仄仄平。....."
新娘听到此处说道:“哎呀!羞死了羞死了。....."赶紧扯被角把脸遮了起来。....
呵呵,纪晓岚就是牛呀。 希望你能看懂!~
你说的应该可以!
是春联的一种格式。关于平仄,一、三不论。二、四分明。没有问题
平仄声没问题
用字用词上对偶对仗就可以,没问题
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