请教定语从句

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请教定语从句~

张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。

定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

扩展资料:
从句结构
定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词:指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词:关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
参考资料来源:百度百科-定语从句

张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。



定语从句:
一:概说
1 定义:在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。
(定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词——即先行词之后)
2 种类;
⑴限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说必不可少,如果省略句子意思不完整,有时甚至会被歪
曲,限定性定语从句不用“,”和句子的其他部分隔开。
Theboy who is sleeping is Tom. 正在睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。
⑵非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说未必必不可少,如果省略句子意思仍然完整,非限
定性定语从句通常用“,”和句子的其他部分隔开。
Water,which is a clear liquid , has many uses. 水,一种清澈透明的液体,很有用途。

3 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别:
⑴限定性定语从句不能省略,如果省略,句意不完整;
非限定性定语从句可以省略,如果省略,句意仍然完整。
⑵限定性定语从句不用“,”把它和句子的其他部分隔开;
非限定性定语从句用“,”把它和句子的其他部分隔开。
⑶限定性定语从句可以用that引导;
非限定性定语从句不可以用that引导。
⑷限定性定语从句的关联词有时可以省略(一般做宾语时省略);
非限定性定语从句的关联词不可以省略
⑸限定性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词;
非限定性定语从句可以用来修饰先行词,也可以用来修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。

4 关联词:
⑴关系代词(6个):

① who 谁(主语)
② whom 谁(宾语)
③ whose 谁的(定语)
④ which 哪个(主语,宾语)
⑤ that (主语,宾语)
⑥ as 像~(主语,宾语)

⑵关系副词(3个):
① when ~时候
② where 哪里
③ why 为什么
二:用法:
一关系代词的用法
1 who→在定语从句中做主语→用来指人
① 我喜欢那个来自美国的男孩儿。I like the boy who is ∕ comesfrom America.
② 在这次地震中死亡的人数多达250,000。
In this earthquake , the number of people who lost homes reached as manyas 250,000.
③这就是那个帮助我的人。This is the man who helped me .
2 whom在定语从句中做宾语→用来指人(在现代英语中,作宾语的whom可以用who来代替,但who不用于介词后,在非限定性定语从句中,whom不能用who代替。)
① 我喜欢的那个男孩儿是汤姆。The boy whom I like is Tom.
② 你正在等的那个医生现在在房间里。The doctor whomyou are waiting for is in the room now.
③我要给很多朋友寄贺卡。I have many friends to whomI’m going to send postcards .
3 whose在定语从句中做定语→用来指人或指物(可以用of whom 或of which 来代替)
① 我认识那个叫汤姆的男孩儿。I know the boy whose name isTom.
② 只有你的建议他可能会听。 You’re the only one whose advice he mightlisten to .
③他喜欢那个窗户朝南开的房间。He likes the room whosewindows open to the south.
④ 班里有20名学生,他们的背景各不相同。
There are in the class twenty students ,whosebackgrounds are different .
There are in the class twenty students ,thebackgrounds of whom are different .
There are in the class twenty students ,ofwhom the backgrounds are different .
⑤ 两岸都是树木的那条河流向大海。
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea .
The river of which the banks arecovered with trees flows to the sea .
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea .
4 which→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指物
① 这是你想要的那本书。This is the book which youwant.
② 我喜欢红色的那辆车。I like the car which is red.
③河边的那幢楼是我们的学校。The building which stands near the river is our school .
※ 必须用which的4种情况:
(1) 当关系代词前面有介词时 Thisis the house in which he once lived .
(2) 引导非限定性定语从句
(3) 一个句子中有两个定语从句,为了避免重复,一个用which一个用that
He bought an American magazine that could give him so much Englishknowledge and which could help him
to kill time .
(4) 当先行词本身是that时 Theclock is that which tells the time .
5 that→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指人或指物(可以用who, whom, which替换)
※ 必须用that的9种情况:
⑴ 先行词是all, everything, nothing, few, little, much , something ,anything , none等不定代词时,必须用that引导。
① 我会告诉你我知道的一切。I shall tell you everythingthat I know.
② 有什么我能为你效劳的吗? Is there anything that Ican do for you ?
⑵ 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时必须用that引导。
① 我不会忘记我学过的第一课。I can’t ∕ won’t forget thefirst lesson that I learned.
② 他是我见过的最可恨的人。He is the mosthateful person that I’ve seen.
⑶当先行词被all, every, little, few, no等修饰时,必须用that引导。
① 有常识的人都不会相信的。No man that hascommon sense can believe it .
② 我喜欢你给我的所有的书。I like all the books that you gave me.
⑷当先行词被the only(唯一的);the very(恰好,正好);the same(相同的);the last(最后的)等修饰时,必须
用that引导。
① 你是我唯一喜欢的人。You’re the only person thatI like.
② 这就是我正想买的那本书。This is the very book that I want to buy .
⑸当先行词既有人又有物时,必须用that引导。
① 我不知道他们正在谈论的人和事。 I don’t know those persons and things thatthey are talking about.
② 火车朝正在过铁轨的那个男孩和他的狗驶去。
The train ran over to the boy and his dog that were just crossing thetrack .
⑹当that用做关系副词,修饰表示时间的名词时,可以代替when来引导。
① 我不会忘记我第一次见到你的那一天。I can’t forgetthe day that ∕ when I first met you.
② 事情发生在我出生的那天。 It happened on the day that/ when I was born .
⑺当句子中已有who或which出现时,必须用that引导。
① 正在唱歌的那个女孩是谁? Who is the girl that is singing?
② 哪个是他昨晚待过的酒店?Which is thehotel that he stayed at last night ?
(8)当先行词是“to be ”后面的表语,或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时
① The school isquite different from the one that it used to be .
② He isn’tthe man that he was .
(9)当主句以here , there 开头时
① Here is the hotelthat you’ve been looking for .
② There is aseat in the corner that isn’t taken .
6 as→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指人或指物。
such…as… 如此像…,这样的像…,像…一样
the same…as… 相同的…,像…一样
①你们正在唱的那样的歌很流行。Such songs as you’re singing are popular now.
②我想使用和这里用的一样的工具。I want to use the same tool as is used here .
* the same…as… 和 the same…that… 虽然结构上相同,但有时句意却不同。(the same…as…指两物相似;the
same…that…描述的是同一物。)
① 这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。This is the samebook as I read last week .
② 这就是我上周读的那本书。This is the same book that I read last week .
* as引导非限定性定语从句,代表主句或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代名词或代词),可放在句首,句中或句末,在从句中作主语或宾语。
① As is known toall , he’s the best student in the class .
② As we allknow , he studies very hard .
* as 引导的定语从句的常用固定表达法有:

l as we all know 正如大家所知
l as I can remember正如我所记得的
l as often happens 这经常发生
l as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
l as you see 这一点你明白
l as has been saidbefore 如前所述
l as is said above 综上所述
l as is well known 众所周知
l as is known toall众所周知
l as was expected 正如预料的那样
l as is expected 正如预料的那样
l as can be seen 看得出来
l as we all can see正如我们都能看到的那样
l as may beimagined 正如可以想象出来的那样
l as is often thecase 通常如此
l as mentionedabove 如上所述
l as is natural 很自然地,顺其自然地
l as is reported inthe newspaper 如报纸所报导的

二关系副词的用法
1 when→先行词表示时间 = on / in / at /during which (在口语中可省略when )
①我不能忘记在上海的那些日子。I can’t forget those days when(during which ) I was inShanghai.
②这就是他动身去北京的时间。 This was thetime when (at which )he left for Beijing.
*
先行词是表示时间的名词时,用关系副词when还是用关系代词which / that (或省略)引导定语从句,这要看它在定
从句中起副词作用作时间状语,还是起代词作用作宾语。
① Do you rememberthe day when he came to see you ?
② Do you rememberthe day ( which / that ) we spent together ?
2 where→先行词表示地点或有地点含义的抽象名词(point , position, situation , stage ,room等) = in / on / at / to which (在口语中,先行词是表示地点的名词时,可以省略where)
比较:where→定语从句中谓语动词为不及物动词时用。
that ∕ which→定语从句中谓语动词为及物动词时用。
① This is the place where (in which )I lived (不及物动词) last year.
② This is the place which ∕ that I visited(及物动词) last year.
*
先行词是表示地点的名词时,用关系副词where还是用关系代词which / that (或省略),这要看它在定语从句中起副
词作用作地点状语还是起代词作用作宾语。
3 why→先行词只有一个reason(原因)= for which ( 在口语中可以省略why )
例句:这就是我喜欢你的原因。
① This isthe reason why I like you.
② I know thereason why he did so .
③ I know the reasonwhich / that he explained at the meeting .
* I don’t want to hearany reason ( that / which ) you might give . 此句不能用why , 只能用、which 或 that 。(which
或that 作动词give 的宾语)
*
先行词是表示原因的reason时,用关系副词why,还是用关系代词which / that (或省略)引导定语从句,这要看它
在定语从句中起副词作用表原因,还是起代词作用作宾语。

(三)非限定性定语从句
1 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有: who , whom .whose = of whom / of which , which , as
2引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词有: when , where
3 使用非限定性定语从句的情况有:
(1)当关系代词指代整个主句内容时,用which引导
She said she hadfinished her work , which I doubted very much .
(2)当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时
The moon , which is384,400 kilometers away from the earth , creates many beautiful stories .
(3)先行词指的是只有一个亲属( son , daughter , father , mother ,sister ,brother ,wife , husband …)
l My father , whois an excellent engineer , is leaving for Canada .
l My sister , whoworks in Shanghai,sends me an E-mail almost every day .(我只有一个姐姐)
l My sister whoworks in Shanghai,sends me an E-mail almost every day .(除了在上海的姐姐外,还有其他姐姐)
(4)当出现 some , many , few , a few , little , much , most , two ofwhich / whom …
I have three foreignteachers , two of whom are from Canada.

(四)as & which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别
1 as 引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法,态度,解释或评论。
① as 表示“正如,像,由……而知,与……一致”等某些连词的语义。
② as 常用作一些动词的宾语(see , know , hear, watch , remember ,say ,tell , show …)这类动词与as 几乎成了一
种固定搭配。
③ as 从句可以放在句首(which 从句则不可以)
2 which 引导的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果。
① which 表示“这一点,这件事”(指前面主句所提到的),主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开,只能位于被修饰的句子后面。
② which 一般作从句的主语,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常常含有并列,因果关系。
I bought my sister a big toy ,which delighted her greatly .
③ 在从句中作定语或介词宾语时,要用which
She might possibly come , inwhich case I’ll ask her .
④ 不能省去非限定性定语从句中的动词be 时,用which (反之,用as)
l Jane told me shewon the match , which was a lie . ( was 不可以省略 )
l As ( was )planned , we met at the airport . ( was 可以省略 )
⑤ 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句的谓语动词带的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which ,而不用 as 。
l You pretended notto know me , which I didn’t understand .
l He admireseveryone in the class , which I find quite strange .

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什么是定语从句
张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。

定语从句
张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。

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秦州区15547067574: 请教几道定语从句语法1.Is this the museum - __ - you visited the other day?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one2.Is this museum - __ - some German friends ... -
夙冰那特:[答案] 在第一题中,定语从句是修饰先行词the museum.本来的语序是 This is the museum that you visited the other day.在第二题中,少了一个the,只有museum,是主语.先行词是the one,从句就修饰the one.肯定语序是This museu...

秦州区15547067574: 英语定语从句的用法请教教
夙冰那特: 1. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别 a) 非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,朗读时先行词部分一般用降调并稍做 停顿,书写的时候多半用逗号分开. b) 非限定性定语从句能够修饰整个句子,限定性定语从句则不能. c) ...

秦州区15547067574: 定语从句的结构怎么?定语从句的结构怎么写
夙冰那特: 定义定语从句,就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子,起到定语的作用,所以叫做定语从句.被修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词...

秦州区15547067574: 什么是定语从句
夙冰那特: 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用'……的'表示. 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定...

秦州区15547067574: 请教此定语从句 -
夙冰那特: B.who am先行词是I ,指人用who,be动词与先行词一致,用am

秦州区15547067574: 请教定语从句翻译!!!5句 -
夙冰那特: 1.Can you see that girl in red skirt in this place to stand from you? 2.All students must be in the dormitory at 10 o'clock in the evening, we had already referred to this just now. 3.Everybody respects Mr. Smith very much, his work is children which ...

秦州区15547067574: 英语定语从句的定义是什么?怎样判断它是不是定语从句? -
夙冰那特: 您好!我是精锐教育庆春路的徐老师,定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出. 关系代词有:who, ...

秦州区15547067574: 定语从句的讲法,请教高手
夙冰那特: 先从定语导入.解释什么叫定语,进而一个句子作定语就形成了定语从句. 然后分析定语从句的构造,和它在句子中所体现出来的美. 最后再说定语从句的特例. 定语从句 一、考点聚焦 1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定...

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