巴黎圣母院 红字 荆棘鸟 英文简介

<巴黎圣母院>和<荆棘鸟>的有什么共性或是存在着什么差异~

《巴黎圣母院》诵扬了美好的人性，并与丑恶作出了对比。然而表面丑陋的加西莫多却有真挚善良的心，罗孚诺则显示出道貌岸然的本性。我想它和宗教的关系并不大。但对美与丑的分析却很发人深省。
《荆棘鸟》里的拉尔夫的爱我想并没有前者的病态的、罪恶般的性质，就像你所看到的，也许它美好，也许它错误。

以上是个人见解，我想也许你的理解也有道理。

　　“人性”与“神性”的抗争
　　——从《巴黎圣母院》、《红字》、《荆棘鸟》看西方宗教下的爱情悲剧

　　[作者] 陈秀敏(鞍山师范学院中文系,辽宁鞍山 114005)
　　[摘要] 爱情,是人类永恒的话题,而在西方宗教的禁欲主义压制下,爱情每每带有悲剧色彩。在西方文学作品关于神职人员的爱情的描写中,便有了“人性”与“神性”的抗争。本文试从三部作品诠释西方宗教下的爱情悲剧。
　　[关键词] 爱情;人性;神性;抗争;悲剧

　　爱情,永远是人类生活中最美好的情感之一。爱情与“谈爱色变”的禁欲主义一直在作着努力的抗争,即“人性”与“神性”的抗争。尽管这种碰撞都带有悲剧色彩。本文试从这个角度出发探讨《巴黎圣母院》、《红字》、《荆棘鸟》中笼罩在宗教统治下的爱情悲剧。

　　一、扭曲、变态的爱情———人性悲剧
　　19世纪法国浪漫主义作家雨果在《巴黎圣母院》中塑造的副主教克洛德一直被看作邪恶势力的代表,也是人们极力鞭挞的对象,但如果认真考察他的内心世界及同周围环境的联系,就不难发现,他身上不仅有牧师的虚伪,也有着人性遭到压抑之后的悲哀。纵观14世纪后期的欧洲,资产阶级掀起人文主义运动,这场运动直接抨击了中世纪的教会的精神独裁和禁欲主义,追求个人的现世幸福已成为普遍现象,而克洛德作为社会的一员,也有了人性的要求。但他一直过着远离女人的清修生活,节制自己的各种欲望,并且自以为是快乐的。直到见到了在巴黎街头跳舞的艾斯美拉达,人的意识才觉醒了。他被这种强烈的爱折磨着,无论是白天还是黑夜,都在忍受着一种比死亡力量还要强大的苦刑。作为一个神职人员,这可谓是大逆不道。但是副主教也是一个人,宗教的知识不能满足他对生活的要求,作为一个人,他也有人的感情、人的欲望、人的爱。基于这种爱,他才念念不平,发出人性的呼喊:“究竟,一个男人爱上了一个女人,这并不是他的错。”
　　然而,正因为他所要求的这种爱是他所代表的那种势力和环境所不能允许的,因此,它的表现出来的方式便是扭曲的,变形的。人要想得到解放,就必须消灭集中表现在他本身处境中的一切违反人性的生活条件,但是带着十字架的副主教既没有这样的勇气,也没有这样的能力和觉悟。他一方面憎恨宗教的非人性,一方面又在心里激起了对自己人性要求的憎恨。他极力把这双重的憎恨搅合在一起,便自己成为一个无法解脱的疯狂的人。于是在他爱而不得中,他设置了一系列阴谋,劫持爱斯美拉达,诬陷她,直到把她送上绞刑架,处在“人性”与“神性”双重压迫下的克洛德,最终也在自己布下的宗教网中毁灭了。雨果曾宣称:“人是生来善良、纯洁、公正和诚实的,如果他的心变得冰冷,那是因为有人熄灭了他的火焰……”正是教会势力的“非人性”,才决定了克洛德的畸形可怕爱情观,才有了他为人性而丧失人性的追求。


　　二、内疚、自责的爱情———处境悲剧
　　与克洛德的悲剧不同的是,美国19世纪浪漫主义作家霍桑的《红字》中则描写了海丝特·白兰与神职人员亚瑟·丁梅斯代尔的爱情悲剧,他们的爱情,可谓处境艰难,举步维艰。作品以严酷的清教政权统治下的北美洲殖民地时期为背景,女主人公海丝特·白兰,由于犯了通奸罪,坚决不交待同犯,被清教徒政权关进监狱,终生戴上耻辱的红A字示众(A字是英语通奸Adultely一词的第一个字母),作为劝诫世人的活标本,受到人们的鄙视和摒弃。海丝特是年青、美貌的女郎,却嫁了一个年纪衰老、体态畸形的丈夫,她感受不到爱情,在她丈夫失踪以后,青年牧师丁梅斯代尔闯进她孤独的生活,她爱上了牧师。追求纯真的爱情,渴望幸福的生活,这是一个活的女人的生活权利和合理要求,可是,她却遭到清教政权的惩罚,终生戴着红字示众。丁梅斯代尔是一个博学多识,前途无量的教师,很早地就立下了献身宗教的志向。但是,清苦的教会生活,呆板的教条,虽然一时禁锢了丁梅斯代尔这样虔诚教徒的内心,但一看见“身体修长,容姿完整优美到堂皇程度,乌黑丰茂的头发那么光泽,闪耀出阳光的颜色,她的面孔,除去润泽的肤色与端正美丽的五官之外,还有清秀的眉宇和深黑的眼睛”的海丝特时,他的“人性”就复活了,并且最终战胜了“神性”,与海丝特发生了关系,但是,宗教精神象雅片一样毒害着他的心灵,他头脑中根深蒂固的宗教观念早已扼杀了他对爱情和幸福的渴望,他把自己与海丝特的爱情关系看成是“冒犯了一条神圣的法律”。他把自看成一个罪人,应该受到惩罚,但又不敢公开承担自己的罪责。他既害怕和海丝特一起戴红字示众,又怕上帝不饶恕他。为了悔罪,他在密室中用血淋淋的鞭子抽打自己,不断折磨自己,他的良心丝毫得不到安宁,“可怜的牧师一面受着肉体疾病的痛苦,一面受着灵魂极度烦恼的折磨,同时又听凭他的死对头任意摆布”。“而在这时,他在他的神圣职务上,却获得了灿烂的声誉”,更使他陷入无边痛苦深渊之中,他几乎丧失了理智,他的精神一直处在罪恶的痛苦和徒然的悔恨之中,心灵备受折磨,终于心力交瘁,成了宗教毒害的牺牲品。
　　透过这两个人物的处境,让我们看到了两颗破碎的心灵怎样在痛苦中呻吟,在绝望中挣扎,丁梅斯代尔在自己的头顶的一片天空上,又掀起了他自己无法平息的风暴,海丝特内心的迷惘、猜疑和疯狂则也搅暗了她自己头顶的天空,内心世界处境和外部环境的处境的艰难,注定了他们悲剧的结局。

　　三、执着、偷猎的爱情———结局悲剧
　　正如黑格尔说:“情欲是人的自然本性,具有原始本能的特性,情欲是能动的,躁动不安的,本质上讲是不安于现状的。”1977年,澳大利亚女作家科林·麦考洛在美国出版了她的长篇小说《荆棘鸟》,这篇小说一经出世即引起轰动,被誉为一部“澳大利亚的《飘》”。男主人公拉尔夫同样无法摆脱禁欲主义的束缚,但作为一个情感丰富的男人,他不能灭绝情欲,不能不爱梅吉,他的灵魂长期处于“神性”与“人性”的尖锐对立之中,他曾想“既不作一个男人,也不作一个教士,只作一个兼存二者的人。”同丁梅斯代尔一样,他也无法摆脱强烈的权利欲望和爱情需求,当富翁玛丽·卡森死后,把财产留给了罗马天主教会,其条件是“教会必须赏识拉尔夫神父的价值和才干”时,在他身上展开了上帝与情欲、权力与爱情的激烈搏斗,占有他整个身心的是“神性”与“人性”的厮杀,对他来说,两方面都是无法割舍的,放弃任何一方都是痛苦或毁灭……最终,“神性”战胜了“人性”,他摒弃了梅吉,虽然他爱她。在小说中,梅吉的形象最富魅力最激动人心之处,是她对爱情的大胆追求和对爱情的忠贞不渝,与海丝特·白兰一样,爱情给她带来太多的痛苦,但她仍然爱得执着,她说过:“我生来就是为他的,只为他”,她苦苦思念,久久等待。从青春妙龄到白发苍苍,痴情不改,无怨无悔。为此,她无畏地闯入宗教禁区,与上帝争夺拉尔夫。值得一提的是,与前面两例爱情不同的是,拉尔夫与梅吉毕竟有过刻铭心的两天。深秋的麦特带克岛是旅游的淡季,在友人的帮助下,拉尔夫来看望在这里独自休养身心的梅吉,这时候的拉尔夫为了保持灵魂完美而进行的令人苦恼的斗争、意志对愿望的长期压抑,全都不要了,一辈子的努力在倾刻间冰消瓦解,于是在这20世纪的伊甸园中,亚当偷吃了禁果,结果则是他否定了上帝,他认为“上帝不过是一个骗局,一个幽灵,一个小丑。”两天的欢愉也使梅吉“从上帝那里偷到了拉尔夫”,尽管天主教会是那么的不可一世,上帝是那么的威严神圣,她却以傲然的力量与之抗争,并从心底喊出“我能战胜上帝!”
　　《荆棘岛》之所以引起轰动,还在于其“人性”与“神性”冲突的最终结局上,尽管梅吉从上帝那里偷到了拉尔夫———有了他的孩子,但作家最后还是把有价值的东西毁坏了给读者看,那就是戴恩的死。梅吉一直瞒着拉尔夫有了两个人的结晶———戴恩,戴恩长大后,无比优秀,出于对拉尔失的崇拜,也要献身于上帝,作一个教士,梅吉答应了儿子,并给拉尔夫写信要他照顾他,“我偷来什么,就归还什么”。戴恩在神学院毕业后,在希腊由于救两个溺水的女孩而丧身。梅吉来到罗马要拉尔夫想办法运回戴恩的尸体,并告诉了拉尔夫:戴恩是他的儿子,拉尔夫失声痛哭,“从椅子上向前跌落在地上。”失掉了情人,又失掉了儿子,他感到出卖了自己,他为上帝付出了高昂的精神代价,到头来一无所有,埋葬儿子后,极度的痛苦使他麻木了,他倒在梅吉的怀里,喊着:“梅吉,梅吉……”合上双眼而死去。宗教以禁欲主义为工具,残害了法国中世纪的克洛德,又钳制了19世纪美国殖民地上的海丝特与丁梅斯代尔,在20世纪同样践踏了澳大利亚土地上的梅吉与拉尔夫。
　　《巴黎圣母院》、《红字》、《荆棘鸟》三篇小说都写到了神职人员的爱情,写出了“人性”与“神性”的冲突,其中一个重在写追求“人性”的过程中对“人性”的扭曲,一个写内心处境与外在处境的抗争中的毁灭,另一个则写险些抗争胜利后结局的失败,但在充满悲剧的追求中所表现的无所顾忌的勇气和不屈不挠的精神必然令人振奋,使人的形象变得崇高伟大起来,从而赋予了宗教下的爱情悲剧美的内涵。这正是我要写作这篇文章的主旨所在。

" Notre Dame cathedral " describes is one beauty, is romantic but the again pitiful love story. Is lost abandoned by the parents humpbacked Karsy are not many, in one accidental situation by vice- Bishop Klode - the trust Rollo adoption is the adopted son, grows after lets it works as Notre Dame cathedral strike a gong again the person. West gal not many although the appearance is extremely ugly moreover has the many kinds of deformity, actually throughout maintains one nobleness, chaste heart. The elder roams about the street corner gypsy girl Chinese mugwort Lare reaches can the song friendly dance, naive appearance America moreover the heart is sincere. The very poor young poet you - the Gansu fruit tile accidentally meets one another compared to Egypt with her, and synthesized in her name husband in one accidental field. Very has the fame vice- Bishop Klode - trust Rollo, originally one to wholly absorbed to " saint duty ", but suddenly one day, he appreciates to the gypsy girl's dance, lit in his heart buries already fire the long desire. Thereupon, he by any means possible wants the Chinese mugwort Lare to reach appropriates to oneself, posed all sorts of threats to her even frames, simultaneously also did not hesitate to play with means, deceived and uses him the adopted son Karsy are not many and student Gan Guo Wa. At the same time, passes on the armed escort Chief Philippine Beese although has had the sweet and pretty fiancee actually loose purports because of the natural disposition to bribe the Chinese mugwort Lare reaches. The Chinese mugwort Lare reached falls in love Philippine Beese, this caused the trust Rollo unusual envious hatred, he took advantage of when the Chinese mugwort Lare reached with the Philippine Beese lover's rendezvous, stabbed Philippine Beese then shifts blame for the Chinese mugwort Lare reaches, coerces her by the body little, otherwise had to execute her. But, the Chinese mugwort Lare reached rejects. Shortly in any event also realized does not hold the evil attempt which the Chinese mugwort Lare reached, trust Rollo finally unexpectedly personally the lovable young girl delivers the death by hanging frame. On the other hand, Karsy are not many also admires the beautiful Chinese mugwort in private Lare reaches, but because of feels inferior but deeply buries this love in the heart. Sees girl encounters frames, west the gal not multipurpose Scheme rescued her, and let her seek asylum in the notre dame one secret room. Strikes a gong the person comforts her with extremely simple and the sincere sentiment, protects her. Soon gypsy person's leader gram Low Pan leads the audiences to attack the notre dame, the intention rescues the Chinese mugwort Lare reaches. The Philippine Beese leadership armed escort routed the gypsy person. Knows oneself the incapable resistance army Karsy not thinks Philippine Beese is rescues the girl, then let trust Rollo Lare reach the Chinese mugwort gives the Philippines Beese. Has not thought of Philippine Beese because does not dare to enrage the fiancee again announces Lare reaches the Chinese mugwort executes. When inside the grief and indignation Karsy not many accidentally discovers oneself " adoptive father " and " benefactor " far looks high hangs when sends out devil in the death by hanging above gypsy girl grin fiendishly, he understands all. Karsy were not many to that hypocrisy gets down the final decision, and personally from in the clock tower which reached to the sky pushes down trust Rollo, causes it to fall meets a cruel death. Even if so, Karsy not many also does not have can save the spouse the life, he begged executioner's agreement to hold the remains which the Chinese mugwort Lare reached, hid Lare reaches in in the Paris public cemetery cave with the Chinese mugwort together changes into the dust which the life and death relied on one another.

以上为《巴黎圣母院》

the scarlet letter was declared a classic almost immediately after its publication in 1850, and it has stayed in print and in favor ever since. it has been hailed both as the first symbolic novel and as the first psychological novel(even though it was written before there was a science called psychology). but what really secures the place of the scarlet letter in the literary history is its treatment of human nature, sin, guilt, and pride--all timeless, universal themes--from a uniquely american point of view.
in the decades that followed the american revolution, the united states struggled to distinguish itself culturally from europe. there was a sense that if the united states were to become a great nation, it needed to have its own artistic traditions, not transplanted imitations of european models. hawthorne rose to this challenge. the scarlet letter is set in the mid-seventeenth century in a puritan colony on the edge of an untamed forest still inhabited by native americans. the landscape is wholly american. in the book, hawthorne manages to put his finger on several thematic elements that came to define the american national identity: the effects of the strict religious morality, the long struggle against a vast frontier, the troubled relationship between white settlers and native americans. these issues were just as relevant in hawthorne's day as they were in puritan times, and the way americans and the united states government addressed these issues shaped the development of the nation.
what is perhaps even more remarkable about this 150-year-old story if that its characters face the same moral struggles as readers in the twenty-first century. in puritan massachusetts, morality was strictly legislated and church and state were one and the same. although church and state have been separate legally since the bill of rights was ratified in 1791, issues of morality, personal freedom, and public life are still hot topics of national debate. should politicans be called to account for their personal lives? must public figures serve as role models？ does our government have a right to make laws controlling, private behavior? in puritan colonies, sinners were often branded with a hot iron and put up on a scaffold for public mockery. we no longer use actual branding irons on the people whose moral failings we condemn. but modern media are far more effective than scaffolds for holding people up for public scrutiny, and the american public's readiness to judge the sins of others remains just as strong as it was 350 years ago. modern readers will see much of themselves in the characters of the scarlet letter.
以上为《红字》

不好意思，荆棘鸟的没找到

---

武邑县13734533385： 巴黎圣母院 红字 荆棘鸟 英文简介 - ？
愈拜决明： ＂ Notre Dame cathedral ＂ describes is one beauty, is romantic but the again pitiful love story. Is lost abandoned by the parents humpbacked Karsy are not many, in one accidental situation by vice- Bishop Klode - the trust Rollo adoption is the ...

武邑县13734533385： 求《荆棘鸟》的外文文献 - ？
愈拜决明： 参考文献 [1] Elizabeth Webby. Australian Literature [M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003 [2] 洪常春.Love Shackled by Religion---A Comparative Study on The Scarlet Letter and The Thorn Birds[J].安徽大学学报,2006.[3] ...

武邑县13734533385： 西方悲剧著作的文化内涵 - ？
愈拜决明： 《巴黎圣母院》、《红字》、《荆棘鸟》三部小说都写到了神职人员的爱情,写出了“人性”与“神性”的冲突,其中《巴黎圣母院》重在描写追求“人性”的过程中对“人性”的扭曲;《红字》侧重表现内心处境与外在处境的抗争中“人性”的戕害与毁灭;而《荆棘鸟》所展示的则是抗争胜利后结局的失败,但在充满悲剧的追求中所表现的无所顾忌的勇气和不屈不挠的精神令人振奋,使人的形象变得崇高伟大起来,从而赋予了宗教禁欲主义背景下的爱情悲剧美的内涵.

武邑县13734533385： 求《巴黎圣母院》梗概(英文的,100至200字左右) - ？
愈拜决明： TABLE OF CONTENTS Note to the First Edition. Note Added to the Definitive Edition (1832) BOOK ONE I. The Great Hall II. Pierre Gringoire III. Monsieur le Cardinal IV. Naitre Jacques Coppenole V. Quasimodo VI. La Esmeralda BOOK TWO I. ...

武邑县13734533385： 小说《荆棘鸟》 的故事梗概= =做好要英文的 简短 越短越好 - ？
愈拜决明： 作者在扉页写的很清楚了,直接交作业好了.There is a legend about a bird which sings just once in its life, more sweetly than any other creature on the face of the earth. From the moment it leaves the nest it searches for a thorn tree, and does not ...

武邑县13734533385： 《巴黎圣母院》的英文简介 - ？
愈拜决明： Notre Dame de Paris is a Gothic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in Paris, France, with its main entrance to the west. It is the cathedral of Paris and the seat of the Archbishop of that city. Notre Dame de Paris is widely considered ...

武邑县13734533385： 速求《巴黎圣母院》英文简介! - ？
愈拜决明： 《 Notre Dame cathedral》 is one known far and wide romantic faction strength which Victor Hugo writes . I take advantage of this summer vacation free time, read this great work. Notre Dame cathedral's story, actually was one at that time social ...

武邑县13734533385： 高分求关于小说《荆棘鸟》的参考书 - ？
愈拜决明： “人性”与“神性”的抗争 ——从《巴黎圣母院》、《红字》、《荆棘鸟》看西方宗教下的爱情悲剧 [作者] 陈秀敏(鞍山师范学院中文系,辽宁鞍山 114005) [摘要] 爱情,是人类永恒的话题,而在西方宗教的禁欲主义压制下,爱情每每带有悲...

武邑县13734533385： 《巴黎圣母院》主要内容的英文版 - ？
愈拜决明： Notre Dame de Paris was published by Victoria Hugo in 1831 and is one of his many historical novels, set in fifteenth century Paris. The archdeacon of Notre Dame, a certain Claude Frollo, falls in lust with Esmerelda - a gypsy dancer - who is much ...

武邑县13734533385： 巴黎圣母院的简介英文版 - ？
愈拜决明： In thinking of Gothic architecture, our thoughts always ascend. For that which embodies Gothic style most is lofty; Rose windows of stained glass, ornately crafted spires, and the guardians of grand cathedrals, the Gargoyles. Each is distinctly Gothic, ...