简单定语从句例句100句 [定语从句常见考点分析]
关键词: 定语从句 英语考试 常见考点
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)是由关系词引导,在句中作定语的从句。它的作用相当于形容词,修饰或限定名词及代词,又称为形容词性从句。被定语句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句由关系词引出,通常紧跟在先行词之后,其基本格式为:n./pron.+引导词+从句。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。各类考试中,主要考查定语从句引导词的选择及与其他一些语言现象的综合运用,因此,学生在掌握定语从句基本用法的基础上,应主要掌握以下考点。
一、引导词that与which之间的用法区别
1.先行词为不定代词 all,much,anything等或被all,much,every等修饰时,引导词用that。
All that is worth doing should be done well.
2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或表示强调的词the only,the very,the right,以及the next,the last等修饰时,引导词用that。
The only thing that they could do was to wait.
3.先行词同时包含人和物时,引导词用that。
Tom asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
4.无论先行词指人或指物,引导词在从句中作表语时,都用that引导定语从句,that也可省略。
He is no longer the man (that)he was.
5.主句以which,who开头时,从句引导词用that。
Which of his songs that he sang did you like most?
6.当关系词在there be 结构中作实义主语时,常用that指人或指物。
There’s still a room that is free.
7.句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which,另一个宜用that;反之亦然。有时为了明确所指对象避免歧义,须用who指人,which指物,用that则不恰当。例:
There’s only one student in the school who (m) I wanted to see.
这个定语从句的先行词显然是student,为了明确起见,用who/whom 为好。
8.非限定性定语从句中,用which作引导词,指代物或指代整个句子,此时不能用that。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a year ago.
9.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,先行词指物,引导词只能用which;先行词指人,引导词只能用whom。
Have you ever met the girl to whom I was talking?
10.当关系代词后面有插入语时,通常用which而不用that。
Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you,will help improve your English.
11.先行词为that或被that修饰时,引导词用which。
That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
二、引导词whose 的用法
1.无论先行词指人还是物,只要在从句中作定语,引导词都用whose.
2.先行词指物时,可以用of which代替whose.
He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which) are built on top of a hill.
三、as引导的限定性定语从句的用法
1.As引导限定性定语从句,常构成“such/so/as/the same ... as ...”结构,as的先行词可以是人或物,引导词在定语从句中充当一定的语法成分,as引导的定语从句带有比较意义,从句常常只写出比较部分,as本身不可省略。
He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.
2.such ... as与such ... that 的区别。
As在从句中充当成分,引导的是定语从句,意思为“这样的……如/像”,that在从句中不充当成分,引导的是状语从句,意思为“如此……以至于”。
Teachers talked in such simple English that children could understand it .(状语从句)
Teachers talked in such simple English as children could understand.(定语从句)
3.The same ... as 与the same ... that的区别。
在这种结构中,as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物;that引导的从句指的是与先行词同一个事物。
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