Mineralogy of the magma source region

作者&投稿:仉发 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
新甘交界红柳河地区下二叠统玄武岩地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景~

红柳河地区下二叠统拉斑玄武岩,主要表现为低Mg和全碱(Na2O+K2O)以及高Fe和Ti的特征,微量元素Rb、K、Sr和Ba等大离子亲石元素富集,轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集。La/Yb=10.61~16.87,Th/Ta=1.03~1.99,Fe/Ti=5.30~6.39,Ti/P=5.61~7.30,Ti/Zr=38.83~46.30。另外,Zr=(254~328)×10-6,Zr/Y=5~10,Y/Nb=1.52~2.45。所有这些地球化学特征表明它们主要为板内玄武岩,其岩浆主要源于亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM)组分的混合,其中富集地幔(EM)为主要端元,且部分熔融程度低,受很低的地壳混染作用。
以天山为主的中亚型造山带,石炭纪时主要洋盆都已经闭合,构造格局进入新的阶段(Coleman,1989;Windley et al.,1990;Allen et al.,1992;马瑞士等,1993;郭召杰等,1993;Sengör et al.,1993;Carroll et al.,1995;Dobretsov et al.,1995;Gao et al.,1998;Jahn,2000a)。近年来的研究表明,在古生代晚期,天山造山带伴随大量花岗岩的侵位(Han et al.,1997;韩宝福等,1999;Hu et al.,2000;Jahn et al.,2000a,2000b;Chen和Jahn,2002)和中基性火山岩的喷发(林克湘等,1997;Wartes et al.,2002;袁明生等,2002;赵泽辉等,2003)。该期花岗岩与造山阶段的岩浆活动明显不同,被认为是造山期后陆壳垂向增生的产物(Han et al.,1997;韩宝福等,1999;Jahn et al.,2000a,2000b)。新疆东部——北山地区二叠纪发育张性断陷盆地,盆地中发育厚层的中基性火山岩。对这些火山岩的研究,不仅对认识东天山的构造演化,而且对了解二叠纪时期该区的构造特征及其深部地质信息具有十分重要的意义。本书以红柳河地区下二叠统玄武岩为研究对象(图1-1-8),通过地球化学特征研究,阐述其形成的构造背景和动力学意义。

图1-1-8 红柳河地区构造地质简图

A—克拉美丽缝合带;B—中天山北缘缝合带;C—南天山缝合带;1—元古宇;2—上震旦统;3—上志留统;4—花岗岩;5—闪长岩;6—下二叠统火山岩;7—下二叠统砾岩;8—下二叠统砂岩;9—大理岩;10—超基性岩体;11—断层;12—铁路;13—第四系
一、区域构造背景
新甘交界红柳河地区位于古生代塔里木地块与中天山地块汇聚缝合带上(李锦轶等,1990;肖序常等,1992;马瑞士等,1993;左国朝等,2003)(图1-1-8)。红柳河蛇绿岩是南天山弧后洋盆的残骸,其缝合时间大致为晚泥盆世(郭召杰等,1993)。晚石炭世—早二叠世,新疆大部分地区的主要洋盆已经关闭(Coleman,1989;李锦轶等,1990;Windley et al.,1990;Allen et al.,1992;肖序常等,1992;Allen et al.,1993;马瑞士等,1993;Carroll et al.,1995;Gao et al.,1998;Chen et al.,1999)。从早二叠世—晚二叠世,在区域上表现为不同断陷带或是断陷盆地的形成,并伴随强烈的火山作用,如三塘湖盆地、吐哈盆地以及北山柳园断陷带和红柳河断陷带(Allen et al.,1991;Carroll et al.,1995;Wartes et al.,2002;赵泽辉等,2003)。
二、下二叠统岩石组合特征
红柳河地区二叠系主要为下二叠统红柳河组,角度不整合在早古生代地层之上,缺失上二叠统。下二叠统为一套海陆交互相碎屑岩,其中红柳河组下亚组下部为砾岩、砂岩及灰岩,最底部是一套磨圆度中等至良好的红褐色厚层状底砾岩。灰岩中采得腕足类化石:Camarophoria cf.mutabilis,Spiriferella sp.,Rhynchopora sp.,Waagenoconcha sp.,Dic⁃tyoclostus sp.,Muirwoodia cf.mammata等,相当于下二叠统上部。红柳河组下亚组上部为绿色、灰绿色玄武岩类岩石夹凝灰砂岩、泥质粉砂岩及碧玉岩透镜体,并出现灰白色灰岩和灰绿色凝灰岩互层(图1-1-9),其中有的玄武岩呈大小不一的枕状,枕间为灰岩充填(图1-1-9)。本亚组在各处的出露厚度不一,其最大厚度为2700m。红柳河组中亚组整合覆盖在下亚组之上,以砂岩或砾岩与下亚组上部的火山喷发岩清楚地分开,为一套碎屑沉积岩,最大厚度为1000m。红柳河上亚组整覆在中亚组之上,主要为灰色、灰绿色及褐红色砾岩及厚层状长石砂岩和复矿砂岩,夹极少量的粉砂岩透镜体,厚2520m。于福生等(2000)在红柳河车站西南红柳河下亚组下部砂质灰岩中也发现了晚石炭-早二叠世生物群落化石,并在该下亚组上部的安山岩中的层状生物碎屑灰岩中发现海百合茎等海相生物化石。本书主要选择了该组中玄武岩做了系列的地球化学分析。

图1-1-9 红柳河枕状玄武岩野外图片

三、地球化学特征
本书选择岩石较新鲜的11个玄武岩样品进行了主要元素分析,并挑选5个代表性的样品进行了微量和稀土元素分析。主要元素数据由中科院地质研究所(HL2~6)和北京大学地质学系研究试验中心(HL7~12)使用X荧光光谱方法分析测试(表1-1-5),微量稀土元素数据由中科院地质研究所使用ICP-MS方法分析测试(表1-1-6)。

表1-1-5 红柳河玄武岩的常量元素组成(wB/%)

注:Fe2O3T为全铁。
(一)主要元素特征
SiO2含量为45.14%~49.60%,主要为基性玄武岩。MgO的含量为2.94%~7.80%,显示为Mg偏低的特征。全碱的含量(Na2O+K2O)为2.31%~4.36%,为一种低碱特征,其中K的含量变化较大,为0.21%~1.51%。TiO2的含量为1.70%~2.19%,P2O5的含量范围为0.21%~0.50%,表现为一种高Ti、P的特征。在AFM图(图1-1-10)上,该区玄武岩落在拉斑玄武岩区(Irvine和Baragar,1971)。

图1-1-10 红柳河玄武岩的AFM图解

(据Irvine和Baragar,1971)

表1-1-6 红柳河玄武岩的微量稀土元素丰度(wB/10-6)

注:(La/Yb)N为球粒陨石标准化。
(二)微量元素特征
微量元素特征:Rb、K、Sr和Ba等大离子亲石元素富集(图1-1-11),其中有两个样品的Rb和K异常富集,可能是玄武岩样品中含有富集Rb和K的杏仁体或气孔充填物所致。La/Yb比值为10.61~16.87,Th/Ta比值为1.03~1.99,Fe/Ti比值为5.30~6.39,Ti/P比值为5.61~7.30,Ti/Zr比值为38.83~46.30。另外,Zr=254~328,Zr/Y比值5~10,Y/Nb=1.52~2.45。

图1-1-11 红柳河玄武岩N-MORB标准化的蜘蛛图解

(标准化值据Sun和McDonough,1989)
(三)稀土元素特征
轻稀土元素(LREE)相对于重稀土元素(HREE)富集(图1-1-12),REE配分模式图类似于洋岛玄武岩的特征,表明玄武岩岩浆主要源于EM。球粒陨石标准化的(La/Yb)N的范围为7.78~12.16,说明LREE和HREE之间有明显的分馏作用。
四、讨论
(一)岩石成因讨论
红柳河下二叠统玄武岩的TiO2和P2O5含量较高,Y/Nb的比值较低(1.52~2.45),表现为类似大陆拉斑玄武岩的特征(Floyd和Winchester,1975)。另外Zr的含量较高,Zr/Y的比值范围为5~10之间。从Zr和Zr/Y的判别图解上可以看出(图1-1-13),该区玄武岩和典型的板内玄武岩特征一致(Pearce和Norry,1979)。红柳河下二叠统玄武岩的Th/Ta比值为1.03~1.99,La/Yb比值为10.61~16.87。在Th/Ta对La/Yb图(图1-114)中,样品主要分布在亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM)之间的连线上,反映该玄武岩岩浆主要源于DM和EM两个端元组分的混合成因,其中EM约占为70%~80%的成分,并且部分熔融程度较低,受壳源混染的程度也很低(Condie,2001)。Fe/Ti比值为5.30~6.39,Ti/P比值为5.61~7.30,Ti/Zr比值为38.83~46.30。从Fe/Ti、Ti/P和Ti/Zr对Zr的图(图1-1-15)中可以看出,玄武岩岩浆表现为富集的特征,且部分熔融程度低,可能主要源于EM(La Flèche et al.,1998;Caprarelli和Leitch,2001)。其中Fe/Ti比值主要反映地幔源的部分熔融程度,Ti/P和Ti/Zr主要指示地幔源的富集程度(La Flèche et al.,1998)。

图1-1-12 红柳河玄武岩球粒陨石标准化的REE模式图

(标准化值据Sun和McDonough,1989)

图1-1-13(Zr/Y)-Zr玄武岩判别图解

(据Pearce和Norry,1979)
A区是火山弧玄武岩;B区是大洋中脊玄武岩;C区为大洋中脊玄武岩和火山弧玄武岩;D区为板内玄武岩
(二)构造背景
从岩石组合特征来看,从早二叠世早期沉积的以砾岩为主的海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,随后以玄武岩为主的火山岩喷发,晚期上亚组的灰色砾岩和红褐色砂岩互层,其间并出现灰白色灰岩和灰绿色凝灰岩互层,其中有的玄武岩呈大小不一的枕状,枕间为灰岩充填。总的来说,下二叠统发生在造山期后的山间坳陷中,属磨拉石建造。其特点是与下伏地层具有明显的不整合,属于海陆交互相沉积,厚度巨大,以碎屑岩为主,并伴有基性火山喷发岩,灰岩从下到上由多到少以至消失。以上特征说明红柳河地区早二叠世早期是一种伸展拉张的构造背景,随着不断的拉张断陷,伴随源于幔源的基性岩浆的喷发,随后被灰色砾岩和红褐色砂岩填充。从沉积地层的特征来看,在整个拉张断陷过程中,红柳河地区已经拉张为深度较浅的并伴有基性岩浆的喷发的海盆,但未出现典型的洋壳。

图1-1-14 红柳河玄武岩Th/Ta对La/Yb图解

(据Condie,2001)

图1-1-15 红柳河玄武岩Ti/Zr、Ti/P和Fe/Ti比值对Zr含量的图解

(据La Flèche et al.,1998)
据前所述,天山、准噶尔和阿尔泰等地区多处发育有指示后碰撞幔源岩浆活动的花岗岩的侵位,其时代介于330~250Ma之间,普遍具有正εNd(t)的特征(Hopson et al.,1989;赵振华等,1996;周泰禧等,1996;Han et al.,1997;韩宝福等,1999;Hu et al.,2000;Jahn et al.,2000a;Jahn et al.,2000b;Chen和Jahn,2002),反映了该区域可能从晚石炭世造山的挤压环境转化为造山后伸展拉张的构造背景。
五、结论
以上特征表明,红柳河下二叠统拉斑玄武岩喷发于深度较浅的海盆之中,是一种板内裂谷玄武岩,其岩浆主要源于亏损地幔和富集地幔成分的混合,其中富集地幔为主要端元,且部分熔融程度低,受很低的地壳混染作用。
参考文献
郭召杰,马瑞士,郭令智等.1993.新疆东部三条蛇绿混杂岩带的比较研究.地质论评,39(3):236~247
韩宝福,何国琦,王式洸.1999.后碰撞幔源岩浆活动、底垫作用及准噶尔盆地基底的性质.中国科学(D辑),29(1):16~21
李锦轶,肖序常,朱宝清等.1990.新疆东准噶尔克拉麦里地区晚古生代板块构造的基本特征.地质评论,36(4):305~316
李伍平,王涛,李金宝等.2001.东天山红柳河地区海西期花岗岩的岩石学地球化学及其构造环境.地质论评,47(4):268~376
林克湘,闫春德,龚文平.1997.新疆三塘湖盆地早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征与构造环境分析.矿物岩石地球化学通报,16(1):39~42
马瑞士,王赐银,叶尚夫.1993.东天山构造格架及地壳演化.南京:南京大学出版社,225
肖序常,汤耀庆,冯益民,等.1992.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造.北京:地质出版社,169
于福生,王涛,李伍平等.2000.甘新交界红柳河地区海西期构造演化特征.西安工程学院学报,2000,22(1):18~22
袁明生,张映红,韩宝福等.2002.三塘湖盆地火山岩地球化学特征及晚古生代大地构造环境.石油勘探与开发,29(6):32~34
赵泽辉,郭召杰,张臣等.2003.新疆东部三塘湖盆地构造演化及其石油地质意义.北京大学学报(自然科学版),39(2):219~228
赵振华,王中刚,邹天人等.1996.新疆乌伦古富碱花岗岩成因讨论.地球化学,25:205~220
周泰禧,陈江峰,李学明.1996.新疆阿拉套山花岗岩类高εNd值的成因探讨.地质科学,31:69~71
左国朝,刘义科,刘春燕.2003.甘新蒙北山地区构造格局及演化.甘肃地质学报,12(1):1~15
Allen M B,Windley B F,Zhang Chi,et al..1993.Evolution of the Turfan basin,Chinese central Asia.Tectonics,12(4):889~896
Allen M B,Windley B F,Zhang Chi.1992.Paleozoic collisional tectonics and magmatism of the Chinese Tian Shan,central Asia.Tectonophysics,220:89~115
Capparelli G and Leitch E C.2001.Geochemical evidence from Lower Permian volcanic rocks of northeast New South Wales for asthenospheric upwelling following slab breakoff.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,48:151~166
Carroll A R,Graham S A,Hendrix M S,et al..1995.Late Paleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwestern China:Sedimentary record of the northern Tarim,northwestern Turpan,and southern Junggar Basins.GSA Bulletin,107(5):571~594
Chen B and Jahn B M.2002.Geochemical and isotopic studies of the sedimentary and granitic rocks of the Altai orogen of northwest China and their tectonic implications.Geol.Mg.,129:1~13
Chen Chuming,Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,et al..1999.Closing history of the southern Tianshan oceanic basin,western China:an oblique collisional orogeny.Tectonophysics,302:23~40
Coleman R G.1989.Continental growth of Northwest China.Tectonics,8(3):621~635
Condie K C.2001.Mantle Plumes and Their Record in Earth History.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,306
Dobrestsov N L,Berzin N A,Buslov M M.1995.Opening and tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian.International Geology Review,37:335~360
Floyd P A and Winchester J A.1975.Magma-type and tectonic setting discrimination using immobile elements.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,27:211~218
Gao Jun,Li Maosong,Xiao Xuchang et al..1998.Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan Orogen,northwestern China.Tectonophysics,287:213~231
Guo Zhaojie,Ma Ruishi,Guo Lingzhi,et al..1993.A comparative study on three ophiolitic mélange belts in eastern Xinjiang.Geological review,39(3):236~247(in Chinese with English abstract)
Han B F,Wang S G,Jahn B M,et al..1997.Depleted-mantle magma source for the Ulungur River A-type granites from north Xinjiang,China:geochemistry and Nd-Sr isotopic evidence,and implication for Phanerozoic crustal growth.Chemical Geology,138:135~159
Han Baofu,He Guoqi,Wang Shiguang.1999.Postcollisional mantle-derived magmatism,underplating and implications for basement of the Junggar Basin.Science in China(Series D),29:16~27
Hopson C,Wen J,Tilton G,et al..1989.Paleozoic plutonism in East Junggar,Bogdashan,and eastern Tianshan,NW China.EOS Trans Am Geophys Union,70:1403~1404
Hu A Q,Jahn B M,Zhang G X,et al..2000.Crustal evolution and Phanerozoic crustal growth in Northern Xinjiang:Nd-Sr isotopic evidence.PartⅠ:Isotopic characterization of basement rocks.Tectonophysics,328:15~51
Irvine T N and Baragar W R A.1971.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanis rocks.Canad.J.Earth Sci.,8:523~548
Jahn B M,Wu F Y,Chen B.2000a.Granitoids of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and continental growth in the Phanerozoic.Trans.Royal Soc.Edinburgh:Earth Sci.,91:181~193
Jahn B M,Wu F Y,Chen B.2000b.Massive granitoid generation in Central Asia:Nd isotope evidence and implication for continental growth in the Phanerozoic.Episodes,23:82~92
La Flèche M R,Camiré G,Jenner G A.1998.Geochemistry of post-Acadian,Carboniferous continental intraplate basalts from the Maritimes Basin,Magdalen Islands,Québec,Canada.Chemical Geology,148:115~136
Li Jinyi,Xiao Xuchang,Tang Yaoqing,et al..1990.Main characteristics of late Paleozoic plate tectonics in the southern part of east Junggar,Xinjiang.Geological Review,36(4):305~316(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Wuping,Wang Tao,Li Jinbao,et al..2001.Petrology,geochemistry of Hercynian granites of Hongliuhe area and its tectonic setting in eastern Tianshan mountains,western China.Geological review,47(4):368~376(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin Kexiang,Yan Chunde,Gong Wenping.1997.The geochemical characteristics and analysis of tectonic settings of early Permian volcanic rocks in Santanghu basin,Xinjiang.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,16(1):39~42(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ma Ruishi,Wang Ciyin,Ye Shangfu.1993.Tectonic framework and crustal evolution of eastern Tianshan mountains.Nanjing:Publishing House of Nanjing University,225(in Chinese)
Pearce J A and Norry M J.1979.Petrogenetic implications of Ti,Zr,Y and variations in volcanic rocks.Contrib.Mineral.Petral.,69:33~47
Sengör A M C,Natalin B A,Burtman V S.1993.Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Paleozoic crustal growth in Eurasia.Nature,364:299~307
Sun S S and McDonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes.In:Saunders A D and Norry M J(eds),Magmatism in ocean basins.Geol.Soc.London Spec.Pub.,42:313~345
Wartes M A,Carroll A R,Greene T J.2002.Permian sedimentary record of the Turpan-Hami basin and adjacent regions,northwest China:Constraints on postamalgamation tectonic evolutin.GSA Bulletin,114(2):131~152
Windley B F,Allen M B,Zhang C,et al..1990.Paleozoic accretion and Cenozoic redeformation of the Chinese Tien Shan Range,central Asia.Geology,18:128~131
Xiao Xuchang,Tang Yaoqing,Feng Yimin,et al..1992.Tectionic evolution of northern XinJiang and its adjacent regions.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,169(in Chinese)
Yu Fusheng,Wang Tao,Li Wuping,et al..2000.The feature of tectonic evolution within Hercynian period in Hongliuhe area located in the boundary between Gansu and Xinjiang.Journal of Xian Engineering University,22(1):18~22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yuan Mingsheng,Zhang Yinghong,Han Baofu,et al..2002.The geochemical features of volcanic rocks and architectonic environment.Petroleum Exploration and Development,22(1):18~22(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Zehui,Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Chen,et al..2003.Tectnic evolution of the Santanghu basin,east Xinjiang and its implication for the hydrocarbon accumulation.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Unversitatis,39(2):219~228(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao Zhenhua,Wang Zhongguang,Zou Tianren,et al..1996.Study on petrogenesis of alkali-rich intrusive rocks of Ulungur,Xinjiang.Geochimica,25:205~220(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou Taixi,Chen Jiangfeng,Li Xueming.1996.Origin of highεNd(t)granites from Alatao mountain,Xinjiang.Scientia Geological Sinica,31:71~69(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zuo Guochao,Liu Yike,liu Chunyan.2003.Framework and evolution of the tectonic structure in Beishan area across Gansu province,Xinjiang autonomous region and Innermongolia automomousregion.Acta Geologica Gansu,12(1):1~15(in Chinese with English abstract)
(赵泽辉,郭召杰,张志诚,史宏宇,田杰)

1975年,延边地质大队在汪清中生代火山岩发育区进行1∶50000地质填图时,于刺猬沟金矿区南山发现一种国内外罕见的英安质球状熔岩。它既不是火山灰球,也不是所谓的球颗或球粒,更不是通常所见原生球状构造和石泡。为了探索这种特殊的球状熔岩形成条件与机理,以获取有关火山机构及其与有关矿产生成关系的信息,笔者曾对其进行了地质学、矿物-岩石学、岩石化学与地球化学等方面的研究。兹将初步研究成果报导如下,以资切磋,共同探讨。
1 地质构造背景
在1∶50000或1∶200000地质图上,人们均可明显看到在延边地区东北部有一呈东西向带状,与金、金-铜等矿产有密切成因联系的中生代火山岩展布区,面积约8000km2(见图1)。该区地质构造复杂,具多期性延续活动的特征;岩浆活动激烈而频繁,尤以燕山晚期酸中性火山岩浆的喷溢作用为著。所述球状熔岩即位于该火山岩带中部的刺猬沟金矿区内。

图1吉林省延边北部地区区域地质略图(据刘文达,胡连胜,1983)

在大地构造上,该火山岩带位于内蒙古-兴安华力西褶皱带东南部的阴山-天山伟向复杂构造带与长白山新华夏系构造的交接处,受东西、南北及北东3个方向基底断裂的控制,沿百草沟-汪清-金苍-小西南岔东西向深大断裂展布。火山岩系主要集中于东西向华力西晚期与北北东向燕山期构造作用形成的内陆断陷盆地内,如五风、百草沟、珲春、刺猬沟,金苍等盆地均属之。盆地的基底为呈紧密褶皱的二叠系浅海相沉积与海底中性喷发岩,盆地内部堆积的是北北东向的呈开阔向斜形态的侏罗系中酸性陆相火山岩地层,其钾氩同位素年龄为147.5±5Ma,即形成于中生代晚侏罗世(J3)。英安质球状熔岩产在刺猬沟———金苍中生代内陆断陷盆地的西南缘刺猬沟破火山口中。
2 地质学特征
据吉林省地质局区调队(1980年)的资料,该火山岩带共划分为3个旋回、9个岩性段(表1)。所述英安质球状熔岩是第一旋回第二岩性段产物(J3t21),隶属于屯田营子组(J3t)。
表1 地层表


傅德彬地质学论文选集



傅德彬地质学论文选集

应当指出,①每个喷溢旋回几乎都伴有同源的、成分彼此相近的次火山岩呈脉状或岩墙、岩瘤、岩柱等产出;②火山活动方式以平静地喷溢和猛烈地爆发相互交替进行为特征;③各喷溢旋回产物的成分相近,皆属中酸性英安质岩浆产物。
据研究认为,刺猬沟金矿区系一个主要受长期活动的东西向基底断裂控制的破火山口。其火山地层具内倾围斜产状,即围绕火山口呈环形分布,向中心倾斜,产状从外向内由陡变缓。刺猬沟破火山口群直径达15~20km,位于1000.3高地,其四周放射状断裂系统很发育,常有含金石英-方解石脉充填其中,形成火山岩型金矿床。刺猬沟金矿床即其一例。
英安质球状熔岩产于刺猬沟破火山口的火山岩浆通道中,其与凝灰角砾岩,角砾熔岩、英安质熔岩等一道构成椭圆形的南北长200m,东西长40~60m的火山颈。在704高地,火山口面积达1km2左右。火山管道中心是致密块状熔岩,显流动构造,具斑状结构,所述球状熔岩产于其中。边部有凝灰岩与凝灰角砾岩绕火山口呈环形、半环形分布,向中心倾斜,其中的火山碎屑物皆为尖棱角状,未经分选。
3 矿物-岩石学特征
英安质球状熔岩为灰、黑灰色,风化面呈浅灰色。斑状结构,球状构造。其中熔岩球几乎均呈标准的球形(照片1,照片2上部),绝大多数呈单体,少部分有两个或三个球体黏合在一起的连接现象,此时,若两个或三个大小相当的球黏合在一起,形如花生果状(照片2下部);两若个大小悬殊的球体黏合在一起,则呈葫芦状或鸭梨状(照片2中)。岩石机械风化破碎后,球体凸起裸露(照片3),甚至脱离胶结物,剥落堆积在基岩露头附近。同时在胶结物熔岩上便留了许多球形凹穴印痕(照片3)。球体在岩石中的含量20%~50%,球体直径变化在0.2~2.6之间。据110个熔岩球的统计,频率最高的粒径是1.6~1.7cm。球体与胶结物之间为突变接触,有一清晰界面。
偏光显微镜下观察,球体与胶结物间虽然有一明显界面,但二者在成分与结构上基本相同。它们的共同特点是均具斑状结构,斑晶由含量为15%~25%的斜长石(An≈40)和3%~5%的角闪石组成。前者多被方解石、绢云母交代;后者则被绿泥石交代,并同时有铁质析出。岩石的基质部分系由斜长石、角闪石、磁铁矿微晶和玻璃质组成,具显微晶质结构。相比之下,球体中的玻璃质量略多一些,与胶结物明显有别(照片4)。副矿物主要见有少量磷灰石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿等。
就镜下所见,熔岩球与其胶结熔岩之间有以下三点区别。
(1)球体中玻璃质多,其基质结晶程度低。胶结物之熔岩的基质几乎为全晶质的(照片4);
(2)球体中角闪石斑晶含量相对较少,但暗化现象普遍发育。胶结物中恰好相反;
(3)胶结物熔岩蚀变较强烈,主要有方解石化、绢云母化、绿泥石化及硅化等。而球体中的蚀变则相当微弱。
上述事实提供的信息是,尽管球体与胶结物二者在成分上是一致的,然而,却系在不完全相同的条件下形成的。二者为同源英安质火山岩浆不同次活动的产物,二者间呈侵入接触关系。前者冷凝速率大于后者。
刘文达、胡连胜(1983)曾对球状熔岩的第一旋回火山岩中的斜长石进行过矿物学研究和热力学计算,获得的热结构状态表明具有从高温无序向高温无序—低温有序过渡的特点。这意味着二次岩浆结晶温度有由高温变低温的趋势。这一点可进一步由热力学计算(用斜长石地质温度计)的岩石形成温度得以证实;如J3t11中的辉石安山岩的形成温度为1175℃,而J3t21中的石英安山岩则为1080~1095℃[1]。
4 岩石化学———地球化学特征
为了研究英安质球状熔岩的岩石化学与地球化学特征,作者除了单独地分析了球体与胶结物的造岩氧化物与微量元素外,还搜集了第一旋回两个岩性段的40余个岩石全分析数据,并分别以不同岩石类型的平均组分列在表2中。
表2 第一旋回火山岩(含球状熔岩)化学成分及其扎氏值表


注:1—流纹岩;2—英安质熔岩球;3—球体胶结构(英安岩);4—英安质角砾熔岩;5—安山熔岩;6—安山质角砾熔岩;7—安山熔岩。*两个铝过饱和系列岩石的平均值。
由表2可知,①绝大多数的第一旋回岩石均属钙碱性正常系列岩石,只极少数是铝过饱和系列的。②一、二岩性段中的岩石均属扎氏第三类二氧化硅弱饱和,第九科贫碱的岩石。相当于载里平均成分的角闪安山岩与石英二长安山岩。③英安质球状熔岩,无论是球体抑或胶结物,均属扎氏第二类二氧化硅过饱和的第六科极贫碱的岩石,相当于载里平均成分的石英安山岩。显而易见,与本旋回,尤其与其所在第二岩性段的岩石在化学成分上是有区别的。④英安质球状熔岩中的球体与胶结物的化学组成相差无几,极其相近。⑤纵观第一旋回火山岩浆的演化,明显地显示出SiO2有逐渐增加的趋向,即向更酸性方向演化,在第二岩性段中尤为醒目。
据光谱分析结果,于球体和胶结物中所见微量元素及其百分含量如下:
球体中,Be—<0.001,Pb—0.003,Ga—0.001,Cr—0.01,Ni—0.006,V—0.004,Cu—0.004,Zr—0.003,Yb—<0.001,Zn—0.01,Co—0.002,Sr—0.06,Ba—0.06。
胶结物中,Be—<0.001,Pb—0.004,Ga—0.002,Cr—0.006,Ni—0.005,V—0.006,Cu—0.005,Zr—0.003,Yb—<0.00l,Zn<0.01,Co—0.001,Sr—0.006,Ba—0.02。
上述岩石化学与地球化学特征再一次表明第一旋回两个岩性段岩石属同源不同次,由不同的喷溢形式形成的。
5 成因讨论
想必,由于以往未进行过深入研究,加以实属罕见,在国内外文献又少有报导,从而促成迄今对球状熔岩的成因众说纷纭的局面,对其成因与找矿信息的披露十分不利。
自该球状熔岩于1975年被发现以来,在接触过它的地质工作者中,对其成因与形成机制抱有不同的见解,归纳起来主要为以下四种:①认为是岩石中的原生球状或球粒构造;②认为是“火山灰球”、“火山豆石”、“凝灰岩球”一类的东西;③认为是从空中落回的球状火山弹;④认为是熔浆流同水接触时碎裂成的小球体,如同矿山冶炼厂从冶炼罐溅出的矿渣形成小球一样。
笔者根据球状熔岩的下述特点提供的成因信息,初步认为是由不混溶作用形成的。
(1)球状熔岩产于破火山口中呈环形分布的熔岩内,是火山颈有机组成部分。
(2)球体与胶结物的物质成分基本相同。
(3)球体与胶结物间有一明显界面,二者为特殊的侵入接触关系———不混溶隐秘侵入接触[2]。
(4)球体的圆度好,而且单体只有圆形的,并无椭圆形或纺锤形的。直径仅仅变化在0.2~2.6cm这一狭窄范围内。
(5)两个(或三个)直径不等的球体黏合在一起,可以呈现花生果状或葫芦状、鸭梨状等形状,有时在一个较大的球体上黏合一较细的球体时,会出现一个尖顶,似所谓的“尾巴”一类的东西。
(6)球体内既无任何物质作核心,又无向心放射状与同心层状构造,更无杏仁体或气液包果体呈层分布的现象,而只具一个普通熔岩的结构特点。
(7)经20余个薄片观察,不见球体具任何冷却边迹象。但球体内较胶结物熔岩结晶程度低,表现在前者中有一定数量的玻璃质,后者中几乎没有。除球体外,胶结物中无任何其他火山碎屑。
(8)在同一旋回或同一岩性段中,熔岩球的化学成分偏酸性。即SiO2含量增高。
(9)第二岩性段中球状熔岩是SiO2过饱和的,而其他熔岩或角砾熔岩却是Si02弱饱和的,接近临界不饱和。
(10)球状熔岩形成的温度偏低。
上述事实中具备了球状熔岩形成的基本要素。即成岩前,在火山口岩浆池中存在着两次侵入而混合在一起的成分相近、温度与黏度有别的熔浆,在液态下二者不混熔,并产生了表面张力,此其一;其二,二者在混合不混溶状态下保持一段时间,且无新的岩浆加入,使被侵吞的岩浆团因表面张力大而形成不混溶球体或液滴,然后,在两种熔浆不同温度梯度前提下以不同的速率冷凝成岩。
用历史分析的方法,根据火山作用产物把球状熔岩的成岩过程进一步回溯如下:
一阵猛烈的火山爆发之后,火山进入较平静溢出或间歇阶段。留在火山口岩浆池中的熔浆因时间推移而温度下降、黏度随之增加,在其开始凝固之前又有新的岩浆涌入岩浆池,使二者混合在一起。但因二者温度和黏度的差异并非混熔,造成前者被后者侵吞,前者呈岩浆团分散在后者中。在保持这种状态的一段时间里,由于表面张力的作用,被侵吞的熔岩团遂形成一系列直径变化范围不大的球体。而后,二者一道冷却成岩。因先期岩浆温度偏低,故先行冷固,且结晶程度较低。同时,较小球体先凝固,它与半凝固呈塑性的较大球体黏合在一起时,往往是较大球体表明有凹陷,而较小球体保持完整球形。
顺便指出,不混溶作用,早就被认为是一种使岩浆一分为二的火成岩分异作用。A·R·philpotts(1975)对魁北克白垩纪球状熔岩,Fergusen与Currie(1971)对安大略的眼球状岩石都曾做过实验研究等[3,4],均一致证明了球状熔岩形成中不混溶作用的存在。但遗憾的是,在从20世纪20年代到70年代这将近半个世纪的时间里,由于Greig(1627、1628)与Bowen(1928)的文章发表,使这一重要成岩作用假说的信誉一落千丈,直至近代对月岩及大陆玄武岩的研究,才又重新引起人们对不混熔作用的注视。本课题的研究,不仅为不混溶这一成岩假说又提供了一个证据,而且,也为在研究火山机构时,判定古火山口增加了一个岩相准则。特别是突破了过去(M·A·季良罗娃,1959;E·N·古林诺娃,1960等)认为只有在海底喷发的基性熔浆才能形成球状熔岩的认识。酸中性熔浆在地表喷发的条件下同样可形成球状熔岩,只不过这是一种与基性熔浆在海底喷发形成的球状熔岩完全不同的另一种球状熔岩而已。
参考文献
[1] 刘文达,胡连胜 . 延边与金矿有关的火山岩的岩石特征及成岩问题讨论。吉林地质,1983,( 4) : 13 ~ 29
[2] 傅德彬 . 侵入体之间的 “隐秘侵入接触”及其研究方法,地质论评,1968,32 ( 1) : 9 ~ 95
[3] philpotts A R. American Journal of Science,1976,276 ( 9) : 1147 ~ 1177
[4] Пугин В А,Хитаров Н И. Вариоиты яак пример Аиквашии магм Геохимиа,1980,( 4) : 496 ~ 511
A Preliminary Study on DaciticOrbicular Lava at Ciweigouand Its Genesis
Abstract
A dacitic orbicular lava seldom seen was found at Ciweigou,Yanbian in 1975. Although faci-es of volcanic vent of the lava has been defined according to geological research,there are manydifferent opinions on its origin and characteristics.
On the basis of geological research,the author made a preliminary study on mineralogy,pet-rochemistry and geochemistry,and holds that the dacitic orbicular lava was formed in the magmapond of the volcanic vent by immiscibility of two stages of magmas with the same source and com-ponent through the manner of melt-melt intrusion due to the difference of temperature and viscosi-ty. It affords us an example for “immiscibility”( a kind of magmatic differentiation) and providesan criterion of petrography for recovering the volcanic mechanism and identifying the palaeovolca-nic vent. Mean while,it also indicats that the orbicular lava can be formed under the condition ofsurficial volcanic eruption of acid-intermediate magma.

照片1


照片2


照片3


照片4

4.3.1 Evidence for phlogopite in the source region

Both the Yulong porphyries and Nangqen volcanic rocks have high K2O contents,forming a relatively flat array of K2O against SiO2(Fig.4b).Such a flat array suggests buffering of a potassic phase such as phlogopite,potassic amphibole or K-feldspar in the source region.The absence of significant Eu anomalies of the Yulong porphyries and Nangqen volcanic rocks(Fig.19)rules out K-feldspar as a potassic phase.The positive correlation between the La concentrations and La/K ratios(Fig.25)further supports that a potassic phase of phlogopite or potassic amphibole is present in the mantle source region(Feldstein and Lange,1999).Furman and Graham(1999)suggested that melts in equilibrium with phlogopite be expected to have significantly higher Rb/Sr(>0.1)and lower Ba/Rb(<20)ratios than those(Rb/Sr<0.06,Ba/Rb>20,respectively)formed from amphibole-bearing mantle sources.The Yulong porphyries and most Nangqen volcanic rocks have high Rb/Sr(> 0.06)and low Ba/Rb(< 20)ratios(Fig.26),strongly suggesting phlogopite rather than potassic amphibole as the main potassic phase.

Fig.25 La vs.La/K×1000 diagram

Fig.26 Rb/Sr vs.Ba/Rb diagram

4.3.2 Evidence for subduction-modified mantle

The Yulong porphyries are enriched in LILE.The absolute concentrations of many trace elements(e.g.Sr and Ba)are higher than typically observed in the continental crust(Fig.18).The silicate fluid metasomatism in the mantle source,which involved the formation of phlogopite,could account for such enrichment,as has been suggested that phlogopite is the major repositories for these elements in lithospheric mantle(e.g.Ionov et al.,1997).The depletion of HFSE relative to its neighboring element in the primitive mantle normalized patterns such as negative Nb-Ta and Ti anomalies(Fig.20)is recognized as a fingerprint of subduction process(e.g.Thirlwall et al.,1994).The Nb/U ratios(1.2~2.7)of the Yulong porphyries are significantly lower than that of MORB and ocean island basalt(OIB)(47;Hofmann et al.,1986),and also lower than estimates for the continental crust(upper curst Nb/U≈9;Taylor and McLennan,1985)and average composition of globally subducted sediment(Nb/U≈5;Plank and Langmuir,1998)(Fig.27a).Therefore,nonmagmatic enrichment in the source region is required,given the general awareness that igneous processes in the mantle have a minimal effect on fractionating this elemental ratio(Hofmann et al.,1986).These significantly lower Nb/U ratios(1.2~2.7)are close to that calculated for subduction-zone fluids(Nb/U≈0.22;Ayers,1998).This has been generally ascribed to the strong capacity of LILE and the inability to transfer significant amounts of HFSE in the slab-derived hydrous fluid.The HFSE are more like ly to be stored in phases such as rutile and/or ilmenite,which may persist in the subducted slab(Ryerson and Watson,1987).Accordingly,such a slab-derived hydrous fluid could account for the low Nb/U ratios of the Yulong porphyries.On Nb/U against87Sr/86Sr(Fig.27 b),the Yulong porphyries plots close to the mixing curve between the slab-derived fluid and depleted lithospheric mantle source.The Nangqen volcanic rocks show higher Nb/U ratios and lower87Sr/86Sr ratios than the Yulong porphyries(Fig.27b),suggesting less proportion of slab-derived components in their source region.

Fig.27 Nb/U vs.Nb(a)and Nb/U vs.87Sr/86Sr(b)diagrams

Data for MORB/OIB,upper crust,globally subducted sediment and slab-derived fluid are from Hofmann et al.(1986),Taylor and McLennan(1985),Plank and Langmuir(1998)and Ayers(1998),respectively

It is also worthy to discuss the sub-chondritic Nb/Ta ratios(8.6~12.0,Table 15)for the Yulong porphyries.Both Nb and Ta show similar geochemical behaviors due to their nearly identical ionic radii and charge(Jochum et al.,1986),so Nb/Ta ratio is hardly affected by magmatic processes such as fractional crystallization and partial melting.Indeed,MORB vary little in Nb/Ta ratio and their average ratio of 16.7 is indistinguishable from the primitive mantle value of 17.4(Kamber and Collerson,2000).The Nb/Ta ratio of the Cenozoic adakites formed by direct melting of subducted oceanic crust is similar to that of MORB(Kamber et al.,2002).The Yulong porphyries have lower Nb/Ta ratios than MORB,which suggests that nonmagmatic enrichment in the source region is required.A review of the geochemical literature(Kamber et al.,2002)confirms that Nb/Ta represents element pair with similar MORB melting partition coefficient but different fluid/solid partition coefficient,which results in lower Nb/Ta ratio of arc melts from hydrated mantle wedge peridotite than that of direct slab melts.Accordingly,the lower Nb/Ta ratios of the Yulong porphyries also suggest that the mantle source was modified by a slab-derived hydrous fluid.

4.3.3 Evidence for carbonate metasomatism

The Yulong porphyries are enriched in REE especially LREE.The absolute concentrations of many trace elements(e.g.Nd)are higher than typically observed in the continental crus (Fig.18).The Nangqen volcanic rocks show higher REE concentrations than the Yulong porphyries(Fig.19).It has been suggested that carbonate metasomatism may be responsible for the commonly observed REE especially LREE enrichment of the depleted lithospheric mantle(Baker and Wyllie,1992),because of high REE contents of mantle-derived carbonatite with Ce equal to~600 times chondrite and Yb equal to~15 times chondrite(Rudnick et al.,1993).Both the Yulong porphyries and Nangqen volcanic rocks show higher Zr/Hf ratios(around 44,Fig.28)and lower Ti/Eu(Fig.19).Such Zr/Hf and HFSE/REE fractionations have also been attributed to the carbonate metasomatism in the mantle source(e.g.Dupuy et al.,1992;Rudnick et al.,1993).The Zr/Sm ratio is positively correlated with the Hf/Sm ratio(Fig.28).This linear correlation with its orientation toward the field of carbonatites suggests that variations of abundance ratios involving Zr,Hf,and Sm in the mantle source are dominated by carbonates,perhaps reflecting variable intensity of metasomatism by carbonate-rich fluids(Dupuy et al.,1992).The Nangqen volcanic rocks show lower Zr/Sm and Hf/Sm ratios than the Yulong porphyries(Fig.28).This,together with the higher contents of Ba,Sr,and REE for the Nangqen volcanic rocks and with the highest abundance of these elements and lowest ratios of Zr/Sm and Hf/Sm for the most silica-undersaturated rocks(tephrite),suggests that the carbonate metasomatism in the source region was more intensive for the Nangqen volcanic rocks than for the Yulong porphyries.The carbonate metasomatism in the mantle source would produce clinopyroxene,apatite and monazite(Rudnick et al.,1993).Such a clinopyroxene has high CaO and high Mg# and low Al2O3(most between 0.5% and 2.0%)(Rudnick et al.,1993),because the only major element added in significant quantities as a result of the carbonate metasomatism is CaO.However,the clinopyroxene in the pyroxenite veins associated with the silicate fluid or melt metasomatism is characterized by Feenrichment and a general addition of Al and Ca(Rudnick et al.,1993).The majority of clinopyroxene in the mantle xenoliths of phlogopite-garnet clinopyroxenite mentioned above have high CaO(22.0%~24.1%)and high Mg#(0.68~0.82)and low Al2O3(1.1%~2.4%)(Liu et al.,2003;Zhao et al.,2003),suggesting the products of carbonate metasomatism for these clinopyroxenes.Only a few clinopyroxenes in phlogopite-garnet clinopyroxenite show lower CaO(10.8%~17.5%)and lower Mg#(0.66)and higher Al2O3(6.6%~7.2%)(Liu et al.,2003;Zhao et al.,2003),which is most probably consistent with silicate fluid or melt metasomatism.The apatite,as the product of carbonate metasomatism,is characterized by F-rich and Cl-poor(Rudnick et al.,1993).The abundant apatite(Fig.14d)in the Yulong porphyries is also enriched in F(2.43%~2.73%)and relatively depleted in Cl(0.08%~0.10%)(Ma,1990),suggesting some genetic link to the mantle carbonate metasomatism.Thus,as pointed out by Rudnick et al.(1993),carbonate metasomatism should be considered in addition to silicate fluid metasomatism in evaluating the origins of incompatible element enrichments in the lithospheric mantle.

Fig.28 Zr/Sm vs.Hf/Sm(d)diagrams

The field for carbonatites is from Dupuy et al.(1992)

It has been suggested that the carbonate fluid could be derived from the subducted oceanic crust(the overlying marine carbonates)(e.g.Hoernle et al.,2002).Metasomatism of a depleted mantle by such a carbonate fluid would result in Nb depletion relative to La,in contrast to the Nb enrichment resulting from an asthenosphere-derived carbonate fluid(melt)metasomatism(Rudnick et al.,1993).The Yulong porphyries and Nangqen volcanic rocks show Nb depletions relative to La(Fig.20),together with their relative uniform enriched mantle Sr-Nd isotopic compositions(Fig.22a),suggesting that the associated carbonate fluid was most probably derived from the subducted oceanic crust,like the silicate fluid did.

4.3.4 Source mineralogy

As mentioned above,the mineral components of source region for the Yulong porphyries are most likely phlogopite(the product of silicate fluid metasomatism),garnet(inferred by adakitic affinity,the product of silicate melt metasomatism(Rapp et al.,1999)),clinopyroxene(the main products of carbonate fluid metasomatism)and minor apatite and carbonate.This is in good agreement with the mineralogy of mantle xenoliths such as phlogopite-garnet clinopyroxenite hosted by alkali-rich porphyry in the neighboring area(Liu et al.,2002).




请英语不错的同学帮一下忙~拜托快没时间了 翻个英语的来
an academy for young wizards and witches. The central story arc concerns Harry's conflict against the evil wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents in his quest to conquer the wizarding world.Since the release of the first novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in...

求高手翻译一段论文摘要,救命啊。
cost accounting is having been through repeatedly the unprecedented development and the change. No matter from enterprise external environment factor change, the new manufacture environment change, all has had the huge impact to cost accounting, in view of these impacts and the change, we...

没有胚乳的单子叶植物有哪些
32. 竹叶兰亚族 Arundininae Dressler 099. 竹叶兰属 Arundina Bl. 33. 笋兰亚族 Thuniinae Schltr. 100. 笋兰属 Thunia Rchb. f. 34. 贝母兰亚族 Coelogyninae Benth. 101. 贝母兰属 Coelogyne Lindl. 102. 独蒜兰属 Pleione D. Don 103. 曲唇兰属 Panisea (Lindl.) Steud. 104. 足柱兰属 ...

求英语专业四级词汇表的EXCEL档
【常用词组】 zebra crossing涂成斑马纹的人行横道era n. period in history, starting from a particulartime, or event纪元,时代,代 举例一番,可见一斑!? a new era新时代;the Christian era公元,基督纪元 【词义辨析】 epoch也指新时代,新纪元,强调某件事所带来的划时代意义,多用mark an epoch in..."...

单子叶植物有无胚乳?
32. 竹叶兰亚族 Arundininae Dressler 099. 竹叶兰属 Arundina Bl. 33. 笋兰亚族 Thuniinae Schltr. 100. 笋兰属 Thunia Rchb. f. 34. 贝母兰亚族 Coelogyninae Benth. 101. 贝母兰属 Coelogyne Lindl. 102. 独蒜兰属 Pleione D. Don 103. 曲唇兰属 Panisea (Lindl.) Steud. 104. 足柱兰属 ...

南岗区17145509346: streak 作为名词有什么意思? -
苑世多索: streak (MARK) noun [C] a long thin mark which is easily noticed because it is very different from the area surrounding it: The window cleaner has left dirty streaks on the windows. I dye my hair to hide my grey streaks. Meteors produce streaks of light ...

南岗区17145509346: 英文min是什么意思 -
苑世多索: 英文min是一个缩写词汇,含义分别如下: min 部长 (Minister); min 部 (Ministry); min 分钟(minute); min 最少; 极少(minimum). 1、minute 英 ['mɪnɪt];美 ['mɪnɪt] n. 分钟;片刻;备忘;会议记录 adj. 微小的;仔细的 vt. 记录 ...

南岗区17145509346: mineralogy and petrology是哪个国家的杂志 -
苑世多索: MINER PETROL 杂志属于地学行业,“矿物学”子行业的中等级别杂志.由德国斯普林格(Springer-Verlag)出版或管理.

南岗区17145509346: 澳大利亚国立大学地球,海洋与行星科学怎么样 -
苑世多索: 澳洲国立大学地球、海洋与行星科学(Earth, marine & planetary sciences)专业研究生设有以下5个学位项目,分别是:考古学硕士(Master of Archaeological Science):为期2年,属授课型项目,是2015年第二学期起新开设的项目.要求申...

南岗区17145509346: 介绍新疆500字英语作文介绍新疆的英语作文、500字 -
苑世多索:[答案] " We Xinjiang good place,good grazing land of North and south of the Tianshan mountains,......Melons and fruits,cattle and sheep ...In former days desolate sands becomes fertile land ..." Many people are familiar with this song,this song of praise ...

南岗区17145509346: 矿物学矿床学岩石学专业用英语怎么说 -
苑世多索: 矿物学矿床学岩石学专业 MINERALOGY PETROLOGY deposit矿物学矿床学岩石学专业 MINERALOGY PETROLOGY deposit

南岗区17145509346: minerals翻译 -
苑世多索: 这段话是和食品加工业或营养保健品行业相关的文字.minerals 就是指矿物质请看整段话的意译,从语境中可以很清楚辨别:作为面粉制造业最主要的副产品之一,小麦胚芽是维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维、蛋白质和其他微营养素一个成本相对低廉的原材料来源.

南岗区17145509346: zeotype是啥意思? -
苑世多索: Any of a family of artificial materials based on the structure of zeolites zeotype就是以泡沸石结构为准的人造材料的种类 zeolites泡沸石 泡沸石是一种水合矿物.此术语最初出现于18世纪,意为“石头煮沸”.自然泡沸石是火山岩石与灰层数起的...

本站内容来自于网友发表,不代表本站立场,仅表示其个人看法,不对其真实性、正确性、有效性作任何的担保
相关事宜请发邮件给我们
© 星空见康网