各位大侠,帮忙翻译一下吧,关于传媒的知识,英译汉,谢谢。
广告学与公共关系教育:一个五年检讨
The growth in the fields of advertising and public relations education at American universities has been dramatic. Last year, 12,068 degrees were awarded in advertising, public relations, or combined advertising/public relations programs while nearly 40,000 students were enrolled in these degree programs For over 30 years, the reporting of the status of advertising education has been an ongoing enterprise, reported in various forms.
美国大学在广告学与公共关系教育领域的成长是引人注目的。去年,总共颁发了涉及广告、公共关系或两者结合课程的学位12,068个,而有近40,000名学生入学就读这些课程。在过去的三十多年来,各种形式的广告学教育的现状报告是一个持续不断的事业。
The two most noted ones are: The annual Becker/Kosicki reports in Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, which measures the status of accredited and other mass communication programs, and Where shall I go to study advertising and public relations? (Ross 1965;Ross & Hileman 1966-1983; Ross 1984- 1990; Ross & Johnson 1991-1992; Ross& Johnson 1993-1999), which measures advertising, public relations, and combined advertising/public relations programs both within accredited and other schools of mass communication and extends beyond that to include such degree programs as those in schools of business, speech, etc.
两个最著名的报告是:衡量官方认可的及其他大众传播课程现况的‘贝克/科西基新闻与大众传播教育者年度报告’,以及‘我该到哪学习广告与公共关系?’(罗氏1965;罗氏与希尔曼 1966-1983;罗氏1984 -1990;罗氏与庄生1991-1992;罗氏与庄生1993-1999);这是衡量官方认可及其他大众传播学校的广告、公共关系及两者结合课程现况的报告,并且延伸至包括商学院、言语学校的相关学位课程。
Maintaining accurate historical records of the status of advertising, public relations and combined advertising/ public relations education programs serves many purposes. Each year the results are used by students, career and guidance counselors, and college professors to identify where programs exist, the largest programs and largest faculties in terms of degrees granted, enrollment, faculty, etc. In aggregate they constitute the status of the advertising education enterprise at individual points in time. Ross has published two volumes. Advertising Education (1965), which was the basis for the directory beginning and The Status of Advertising Education (1991), an update of the 1965 report.
维护广告、公共关系及两者结合课程情况的准确历史记录有许多用途。这些成果每年都会被学生、职业与辅导老师及大学教授用来认定那里有该课程,从学位、招生及学系方面鉴定那里有最高的课程与最大的学院等等。总的来说,它们构成在某时期个别时间点的广告教育事业现况。罗氏曾出版过两卷:‘广告教育’(1965),这是指南手册开始的基础;另一卷是更新1965报告的‘广告教育现况’(1991)。
The volumes report on the history and trends of advertising education, institutions offering advertising programs, curricula of undergraduate and graduate programs, and aggregate totals of graduates, students and faculty are investigated in total and by established regions. The purpose of this research is to investigate data reported in Where shall I go to study advertising? over the last five years and measure growth and decline
of degrees granted, level of those degrees (B.A., M.A., Ph.D.), and changes in enrollment and faculty.
这些书卷报告广告教育的历史与趋势、提供广告学课程的学府、本科与研究生的全部课程,并且整体及分区地调查毕业生、学生、学系的总和。本文的目的是针对‘我该到哪学习广告与公共关系?’过去五年来所报告的数据进行调查,衡量所颁发学位数量的涨跌、这些学位的高低(学士、硕士、博士),以及招生与学系的变化。
Historical perspective
The use of historical data for analysis is grounded in academic literature.
Historical analysis gives understanding of the environment of an institution at points of time. Driven by the axiom that those who do not follow history are doomed to repeat it, historical analysis also provides insight and, frequently, predictive capability to researchers. Obviously, the methodology has its benefits and limitations.
历史的观点
在学术文献里使用历史数据进行分析的习惯已是根深蒂固。
历史分析可以了解一家学院在某些时间点上的环境情况。格言说:“不借鉴历史的人,将注定会重蹈覆辙”,所以分析历史可以使研究者有所领悟,且经常有预测能力。显然,这种方法有好处也有其局限性。
【英语牛人团】
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