虚拟语气中的倒装句与省略句是什么情况下
虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中:表示假设,后悔或推测。 句型结构:If +主语+had been/done….,主语+should/could/might/would + have done….
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如:If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.
我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
If only we had been college students last year!
上一年我们要是大学生该多好!
倒装句用法
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了! There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1,否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom
Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意: ①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
5.省略了if的虚拟条件句
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.
1.当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时,我们可以将连词if省略掉,而将were, should, had置于句首。
2.对于条件从句含有should而主句使用陈述语气或祈使语气的句子也可以采用以上方法进行省略和倒装。有时被提到句首的had不是助动词,而是表示“有”的实义动词。
3. 如果条件从句为否定式,注意要将not置于主语之后,而不置于主语之前。
4. 在这类倒装结构中,置于句首的were习惯上不能用was代替。
当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时,我们可以将连词if省略掉,而将were, should, had置于句首。如:
If she were in charge, she would do things differently.=Were she in charge, she would do things differently. 如果是她负责,她会是另一种做法。
If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.=Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. 万一你改变主意,谁也不会怨你。
If the management had acted sooner, the strike wouldn’t have happened.= Had the management acted sooner, the strike wouldn’t have happened. 如果资方早些采取行动,就不会发生罢工了。
几点说明:
1. 对于条件从句含有should而主句使用陈述语气或祈使语气的句子也可以采用以上方法进行省略和倒装。如:
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. = Should I be free tomorrow, I will come. 如果明天我有空我就来。
If they should attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.=Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们,我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
有时被提到句首的had不是助动词,而是表示“有”的实义动词。如:
Had I the time, I would go. 如有时间我就去。
2. 如果条件从句为否定式,注意要将not置于主语之后,而不置于主语之前。如:
若非你的帮助,我仍会无家可归。
误:Weren’t it for your help, I would still be homeless.
正:Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.
要不是我亲眼所见,我都不会相信了。
误:Hadn’t I seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
正:Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
3. 在这类倒装结构中,置于句首的were习惯上不能用was代替。如:
如果我是在你的立场,我不愿意做那件事。
If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
→Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
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