英语状语从句的语法知识?

作者&投稿:貂饺 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
英语的语法知识,如什么是状语等等?~

句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn‘t make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。
词汇:
实义动词 (vt. vi.)
及物动词跟宾语
须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思
I have a book..

不及物动词不能直接接宾语
能独立作谓语
She always comes late.

系动词(link-v)
跟表语 不能独立做谓语,跟表语构成完整意思
包括:
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词(am is are was were),例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.

5)变化系动词 (这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. )如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 6)终止系动词 (表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,)例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

助动词(aux. v.)
跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)
不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态
He doesn’t speak Chinese.
I am watching TV.

情态动词 (mod. v.)
跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)
不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化
We can do it by ourselves.
That would be better.

高考复习时,主要的语法项目框架大致是:
一、语音和朗读技巧:
包括26个字母及其读音、规范书写
英语国际音标:48个音标的规范发音(口型、舌位、气流强弱等)
常见的发音技巧和读音规则
二、词法:
英语10种词类,以及各种词类的基本知识、特殊应用等
三、句法:
简单句:这是所有句法知识的基础
并列句:各种功能的连词组成的并列句
复合句:包括三种主要类型——
名词性从句——主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
形容词性从句——定语从句
副词性从句———状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
四、修辞类的语法知识——主要有:
倒 装
强调句式
虚拟语气
省略知识 及插入语
五、实用型语法知识:
直接引语变间接引语
主谓一致
九种基本时态(在初中基础上多了【现在完成进行时】)
被动语态——
各种时态对应的被动语态形式
不用被动语态的习惯表达形式
it 用法
非谓语动词(不定式、过去分词、动词v-ing 形式)

其中,后面三大类【三、四、五】都是高中语法主要学习的对象。
祝你开心如意!O(∩_∩)O~~

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。 现分别列举如下:
1. 时间状语从句

常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2. 地点状语从句

常用引导词:where

特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3. 原因状语从句

常用引导词:because, since, as, since

特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

4. 目的状语从句

常用引导词:so that, in order that

特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

5. 结果状语从句

常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,

特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

6. 条件状语从句

常用引导词:if, unless,

特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

7. 让步状语从句

常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

He won’t listen whatever you may say.

8. 比较状语从句

常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

9. 方式状语从句

常用引导词:as, as if, how

特殊引导词:the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

She behaved as if she were the boss.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.


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犹杰雷公: 楼主,您好 一 状语从句的种类 § 1状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为: 1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句;3.原因状语从句;4.条件状语从句;5.目的状语从句;6.让步状...

泾川县15386172238: 英语都有哪些状语从句? -
犹杰雷公: 在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等). 以下是一些基本的从...

泾川县15386172238: 请英语达人讲解下 状语从句 用法. -
犹杰雷公: 状语从句: 用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句.作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句.例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语. 状语从句的分类: (1)时间状语从句 凡是从...

泾川县15386172238: 什么是状语从句?用法是什么? -
犹杰雷公: 语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 一 状语从句的种类 § 1状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为: 1.时间状语从句;(adver...

泾川县15386172238: 各位英语高手进来一下 帮我讲解一下状语从句 -
犹杰雷公: 状语从句 (Adverbial Clause)状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子.它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句.状语从句...

泾川县15386172238: 状语从句讲解 通俗点 -
犹杰雷公: 状语从句分很多种,有时间状语从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句.时间状语从句就是表达一件事情发生的时间.比如出游,可能发上在周末,去年暑假,也可能再把所有工作做完以后....

泾川县15386172238: 什么叫状语从句?(英语中) -
犹杰雷公: 简单的说就是在句中做状语的 因为作状语的是一个句子 所以就叫状语从句 从句一般引导词 像that because since等,有些引导词可省略状语从句有八大类:1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因...

泾川县15386172238: 英语中的状语从句的用法 -
犹杰雷公: so long as只要,如果;既然,由于 1. You may eat anything, so long as you don't eat too much. 只要不吃得太多,你可以吃任何东西.2. I don't care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition. 我不计较价钱,只要车很好用就行了....

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