could的用法
1. 表示能力，could 是 can 的过去。如：
Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?
Could you speak English then? 那时候你会说英语吗?
2. 表示许可，注意以下用法：
(1) 对于现在或将来的“许可”，要区分以下两种情况：
a. 表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事)，可用 can(=may)或 could(=might)(注意：这里的 could 并不表示过去，而是表示现在，只是语气较委婉)。如：
Can [May, Could, Might] I come in? 我可以进来吗?
b. 表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事)，一般只用 can(=may)，
而不能用 could 或 might。如：
A: Could [Can] I use your pen? 我可以借用你的钢笔吗?
B: Yes, of course you can.当然可以。(注意: 此处不用 Yes,
you could)
(2) 对于过去的“许可”，也要区分以下两种情况：
a. 表示过去一般性允许(即表示某人随时都可以做某事)，用 can的过去式(即 could)。如：
When I lived at home, I could watch TV whenever I wanted
to. 我住在家里时，想什么时候看电影就可以什么时候看 (一般性允许)。
b. 表示过去特定的允许( 即表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一活动)，则不用 could, 而需换成其它表达(如：had permission或 was [were] allowed to)。如：
I was allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚 上允许我去看了电影(特定的允许，所以不能用 could)。
3. 表示推测：
(1) 对现在或将来的推测，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句：
It can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
What can they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢?
Can it be Jim? 那会是吉姆吗?
但 could(可以表示现在)则可用于肯定句中：
We could [may, might] go to Guilin this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去桂林。(将来可能性)
You could [may, might] be right, but I don’t think you are. 你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。(现在可能性)
注意：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，这主要见于：
a. 表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但实际未必会发生)。如：
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor. 只要愿意，任何人都可以到监狱去帮助解决犯人的困难。
Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any time. 玛丽的身体不好，她随时都可能会生病。
Evem experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
b. 后接“be, get, seem, become＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等义。如：
It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。
She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
My grandmother could be very unpleasant at times. 我祖 母有时候会让人非常不愉快。
(2) 对过去的推测，必须在 can, could 之后接动词的完成式：
a. can＋have＋过去分词(主要用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句)。如：
I saw him just now;he can’t have gone to Japan.我刚刚见过他，他不可能到日本去了。
Why does he know this? Can someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
b. could＋have＋过去分词(可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句)，主要用于：
①表示对过去的推测，其意为“可能(已经)……”。如：
He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了。
Where could he have gone? 他会到哪里去了呢?
He couldn’t have seen her there. 他不可能在那儿见到她。
②表示过去没有实现的可能性(即某事本来可以发生，但却没有发生)，意为“本来可以……”。如：
He could have told her, but he didn’t choose to. 他本来可以告诉她的，但他没有这样做。
③用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，意为“本来应该……”。如：
You could have helped him. 你本来应该来帮助他的。
④表示“差点儿就要”。如：
I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。
希望可以帮助你，亲！
一般来说could有三层意思：第一就是表示用来表示过去的能力、可能性或允许。第二的话就是表示推测，这个很重要的用法，常用语虚拟语气中。第三个就是，用于表示试探性或礼貌。
有什么不懂还可以问我，我一直在线。
首先我还是请两位英文老师给你念一段对话,内容是说亨利跟他的同事南希聊 天的情况. 我请英文老师先用自然速度念一遍, 请你注意听英文老师的发音和 声调.
M: Hello, Nancy! Where were you yesterday?
F: I didn't come in because I was sick.
M: You still look a little sick. You ought to go back to bed.
F: I'm going home now.
M: Did you drive today?
F: No, I don't have a car.
M: I can take you home. Would you like a ride?
F: Yes, I'll appreciate it very much. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way? I need to buy some aspirin.
好, 现在我请英文老师再把刚才那段对话用慢速度念一遍, 请你注意听:
M: Hello, Nancy! Where were you yesterday?
F: I didn't come in because I was sick.
M: You still look a little sick. You ought to go back to bed.
F: I'm going home now.
M: Did you drive today?
F: No, I don't have a car.
M: I can take you home. Would you like a ride?
F: Yes, I'll appreciate it very much. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way? I need to buy some aspirin.
在刚才那段对话里, 有几个句子用了我们今天要学的语法, 也就是 could, would like to, ought to 跟 because 的用法, 现在我请英文老师把这几个句子念出来给 你听.
F: I didn't come in because I was sick.
M: You ought to go back to bed.
M: Would you like a ride?
F: Could you stop at the drugstore on the way?
二.助动词Could
好了, 现在我们来作练习. 首先我们学习助动词 could 的用法. 这个字是 can, c-a-n, can 的过去式, 是用来表示过去有能力作一件事. 不过这个字还有另外一 个用法, 就是可以用在问句里表示客气地提出请求. 比方有一句话: "我没有车, 你能开车送我吗?" 用英文可以这样说: I don't have a car. Could you give me a ride?
好, 现在我们来练习这种用法. 由老师念一些句子, 内容都是说南希病了, 她客 气地请人帮忙. 每个句子我们念两遍, 请你听一遍, 跟着重复一遍.
M: I don't feel well. Could you help me?
F: I don't feel well. Could you help me?
M: I am sick. Could you take me to a doctor?
F: I am sick. Could you take me to a doctor?
M: I don't have a car. Could you give me a ride?
F: I don't have a car. Could you give me a ride?
M: I need to buy some medicine. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way?
F: I need to buy some medicine. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way?
M: I need to take the medicine. Could you give me a glass of water?
F: I need to take the medicine. Could you give me a glass of water?
下面我们来作换字练习.由老师念一个句子,比方: "我能借你的字典吗?" Could I borrow your dictionary? 然后老师给你一个新词组, 比方: 用你的电话 use your telephone, 请你把新词组代换到原来的句子里. 每作完一句就请你听正确答案.
好, 现在我们开始.
M: Could I borrow your dictionary?
M: use your telephone
F: Could I use your telephone?
M: read your newspaper
F: Could I read your newspaper?
M: take you home
F: Could I take you home?
M: see you tomorrow
F: Could I see you tomorrow?
M: talk to you later
F: Could I talk to you later?
三.词组Would like to
现在我们来学另外一种客气话, 也就是 would like to. 这个词组就是 "要" want to, w-a-n-t t-o, want to 的意思, 不过比较客气.
下面我们要作一组练习. 由老师念两个句子, 第一个句子用 want to, 第二个句子 用的是 would like to. 这两句话意思一样.
M: Nancy wants to see a doctor.
F: Nancy would like to see a doctor.
M: Henry wants to watch television.
F: Henry would like to watch television.
M: Kate wants to buy a sweater.
F: Kate would like to buy a sweater.
M: Susan wants to visit her cousins.
F: Susan would like to visit her cousins.
M: Peter wants to become a sport star.
F: Peter would like to become a sport star.
M: Mary wants to have a weekly allowance.
F: Mary would like to have a weekly allowance.
刚才我们学习了怎么用客气话 would like' to 作陈述句, 下面我们看一看怎么用 这个词组作问句. 比方有一句话: "你要做一个打字员吗?" 英文可以这么说:
Would you like to be a typist? 另外一句话: "你要做市政府工作人员吗?" 英文可 以这么说: Would you like to be a city worker? 好, 现在我们来作换字练习. 老师 先念一个句子, 接着老师念一个新词组, 请你把新词组代换进去. 作完之后, 请 你注意听正确答案.
M: Would you like to be a typist?
M: be a city worker
F: Would you like to be a city worker?
M: sing in a concert
F: Would you like to sing in a concert?
M: live near the university
F: Would you like to live near the university?
M: sit next to the window
F: Would you like to sit next to the window?
M: take two suitcases to New York
F: Would you like to take two suitcases to New York?
下面我们换一个方式作练习. 老师用 would you like to 作一个问句, 比方: "你要 作一个救火员吗?" Would you like to be a fire fighter? 然后你会听到老师说 Yes 或是 No, 请你根据你所听到的回答问题. 如果是肯定的, 就用 would 回答, 是否 定的就用 would not, 也就是 wouldn't 回答. 作了答案之后, 请你听正确答案.
M: Would you like to be a fire fighter?
M: Yes
F: Yes, I would like to be a fire fighter.
M: Would you like to buy this record?
M: No
F: No, I wouldn't like to buy this record.
M: Would you like to have a glass of milk?
M: No
F: No, I wouldn't like to have a glass of milk.
M: Would you like to live near the factory?
M: No
F: No, I wouldn't like to live near the factory.
M: Would you like to play football this Friday?
M: Yes
F: Yes, I would like to play football this Friday.
四.词组Ought to
下面我们来学一个新词组 ought to. 这个词组的意思等于我们以前学过的助动 词 should, s-h-o-u-l-d, should, 意思就是劝人应该作某一件事.比方有一句话: "你 应该在银行停一下", 英文可以这样说: You should stop at the bank. 也可以这样
说: You ought to stop at the bank.
现在我们来作练习. 由老师先用 should 作一个句子,请学生用 ought to 代替. 请 你在学生念句子的时候跟着重复. 现在我们开始:
M: Nancy should see a doctor.
F: Nancy ought to see a doctor.
M: Kate should stop at the bank.
F: Kate ought to stop at the bank.
M: Henry should get in shape again.
F: Henry ought to get in shape again.
M: Peter should take out the garbage.
F: Peter ought to take out the garbage.
M: Linda should save some of her weekly allowance.
F: Linda ought to save some of her weekly allowance.
M: Mary should clean up her room.
F: Mary ought to clean up her room.
五.连接词 Because
好了, 现在我们来学这一课要教的最后一个语法, 也就是连接词because "因为" 的用法. 要是有人问你: "为什么人们给市政府工作呢?" Why do people work for city governments? 你可以这样回答: 因为市政府工作人员退休时候有不少退休 金. Because city workers get a good pension when they retire.
下面这组练习, 是由老师根据这一课开头那段说到南希生病的对话提出几个问 题, 请学生用 because 来回答问题. 请你注意听.
M: Why does Nancy have to go home?
F: She has to go home because she needs to rest.
M: Why should Nancy go back to bed?
F: She should go back to bed because she is sick.
M: Why does Nancy have to stop at the drugstore?
F: She has to stop because she wants to buy some aspirin.
M: Why doesn't Nancy drive to work?
F: She doesn't drive to work because she doesn't have a car.
下面这组练习是由老师提出一个问题. 接着他再念一个短句, 请你用 because 跟这个短句来回答问题. 在你回答之后请你注意听正确答案. 好, 现在我们就开
始:
M: Why do you study English?
M: It's useful.
F: I study English because it's useful.
M: Why is he listening to radio?
M: There is a good program.
F: He is listening to radio because there is a good program.
M: Why can't we play tennis now?
M: It's raining.
F: We can't because it's raining.
M: Why didn't she go to the party with us?
M: She had to work.
F: She didn't because she had to work.
六.听短文回答问题
今天要听的文章是说到亨利和南希都是市政府工作人员, 谈到了他们两个人工 作的性质.
请你注意听:
Many Americans work for city governments. There are office workers, fire fighters, police officers and public school teachers. Most city workers might not earn a lot of money but when they retire they get a good pension. Henry and Nancy are employees of the city of Seattle. He is a fire fighter. He is on duty eight hours a day. During his shift he eats and sleeps at the firehouse because the fire fighters have to be ready to answer an alarm. Nancy is a typist in Henry's office. She works from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. She works five days a week, Monday through Friday. Her job is to type reports of fire.
等一下我们还会把刚才那段文章用慢速度再念一遍. 现在我们先把今天要测验 的三个问题用慢速度念一遍给你听.
第一个问题是:
M: What are some of the city government jobs?
第二个问题是:
M: Why do people work for city governments?
最后一个问题是:
M: When does Nancy work?
刚才那三个问题你都听懂了吗? 等一会儿我们还会再念一遍给你听. 现在请你 先听老师用慢速度再把刚才那段文章念一次.
Many Americans work for city governments. There are office workers, fire fighters, police officers and public school teachers. Most city workers might not earn a lot of money but when they retire they get a good pension. Henry and Nancy are employees of the city of Seattle. He is a fire fighter. He is on duty eight hours a day. During his shift he eats and sleeps at the firehouse because the fire fighters have to be ready to answer an alarm. Nancy is a typist in Henry's office. She works from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. She works five days a week, Monday through Friday. Her job is to type reports of fire.
好, 现在请你回答今天测验的三个问题. 在你回答问题之后, 请听老师给你念正 确的答案.
第一个问题是:
M: What are some of the city government jobs?
F: Fire fighters, police officers and public school teachers are some of the city government jobs.
第二个问题是:
M: Why do people work for city governments?
F: People work for city governments because they get a good pension when they retire.
最后一个问题是:
M: When does Nancy work?
F: Nancy works from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon, five days a week, Monday through Friday.
could
[kud]
v., aux.
[can的过去式]
〔常用于从句中〕（过去、当时）能够， 得以
〔用于虚拟语气中， 表示相反的假设〕能， 本来可以
〔表示可能性〕能， 可能， 可以
〔用于委婉语气〕能， 可以
We could see the oil bleeding out from the joint.
(那时)我们可以看出油从接缝处渗出。
It was so dark that we could see nothing.
天太暗了， 我们什么也看不见。
If I could go with you, I should feel very glad.
假如我能同你们一起去， 我会感到非常高兴。
You could have been more considerate.
你本来可以更慎重些。
If you tried, you could do the work better.
如果你试试的话， 准能把那项工作干得更好。
C-I borrow your thermos?
我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？
could
could
AHD:[k‹d]
D.J.[kud]
K.K.[k&d]
v.aux.（助动词）
can的过去式
Used to indicate ability, possibility, or permission in the past:
用来表示过去的能力、可能性或允许：
I could run faster then. It could be no better at that time. Only men could go to the club in those days.
那时我能跑得更快。那时好得不能再好了。在当时，只有男人可以去俱乐部
Used with hypothetical or conditional force:
用来表推测或条件：
If we could help, we would.
如果我们能帮上忙，我们会帮的
Used to indicate tentativeness or politeness:
用于表示试探性或礼貌：
I could be wrong. Could you come over here?
我也许错了。你能到这边来吗?
could 是can的过去式，你同样可以把它看作是疑问句中一种委婉的提问方式。
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can 的过去式
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秋茂橘红： 一、表过去的可能和许可(多用于间接引语中) At that time we thought the story could not be true. 那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的. Father said I could swim in the river. 爸爸说我可以在河里游泳.二、表过去的能力I could swim when I ...
太和县13264548346： could的用法 - ？
秋茂橘红： could could AHD:[k‹d] D.J.[kud] K.K.[k&d] v.aux.(助动词) can的过去式 Used to indicate ability, possibility, or permission in the past:用来表示过去的能力、可能性或允许:I could run faster then. It could be no better at that time. Only men could ...
太和县13264548346： can 和could的用法? - ？
秋茂橘红：[答案] 情态动词can与could的用法 1.表示能力 表示现在的能力,用can: My sister can drive.我妹妹会开车. Everyone here can speak English.这儿人人会说英语. 表示将来的能力,通常不用can或could,而用be able to的将来时态: I'll be able to speak ...
太和县13264548346： 情态动词can,could都表示能力,用法和区别是什么? - ？
秋茂橘红：[答案] 1.表示能力(could)是过去式 2.表示猜测“可能”,一般用于疑问句和否定句(could是过去式) 3.表示允许或请求允许,常用于第一人称或第二人称. 4表示请求允许时,与can相比,could语气更委婉,没有时态,意义上的区别. 5表示允许某人做某...
太和县13264548346： could 的用法She tould me that the books_____ - for no more than three week. - ？
秋茂橘红：[答案] could be kept
太和县13264548346： could 的用法could 后面是+be,been,being?然后后面是+动词的原形还是什么? - ？
秋茂橘红：[答案] 很简单,could 是情态动词的标志,后面只能加动词原形,要加be动词的话,只能加be,不能加been,being,
太和县13264548346： could在虚拟语气中的用法是怎样的啊? - ？
秋茂橘红：[答案] could have done可以用作对过去事实的虚拟,表示本来能够做成什么但实际未成;couldn't have done跟它相反.
太和县13264548346： 老师说,could有两种用法,一种情态动词,用法与can相同,但更礼貌;一种表示过去能做某事,是can的过去式. 表示情态动词时,could提问怎么回答?是... - ？
秋茂橘红：[答案] 1 yes, i can 2 yes, i could
