which that，who，whom，where，在定语从句里怎么用
首先which
、that、who、whom在从句中时做成分的，where是不用的，who、whom是用在人的，根据成分不同选择。which，that的区别是一般除了非限制性定语从句用which外，其他都用that。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：
A．指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5．在非限制性定语从句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
注：
A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C．指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D．只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。
（1）关系代词放在介词之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定语从句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that，Those作主语时
Those which are on the desk are English books.
定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B。可用that
C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B。不用that
C。不用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
定语一般用于修饰名词，定语从句的作用也是一样的。
这里使用哪个的依据，就得看定语从句所修饰的名词是什么概念了。
which的话一般用于普通的名词，也用于非限制性定语从句。
that跟which在指代一般的事物时，大多数情况下都是可以互相替换的，但是也有一些特殊的状况不能互换，情况太多，最好另外查询一下。
who和whom都是指代人物，也可以与that互换使用，也有一些特殊情况。至于两者不同的地方在于，根据who和whom在定语从句中充当的是主语还是宾语，主语就可以用who，宾语就用whom；
where一般指代某个地方。
只要看清楚先行词修饰，或者说指代的名词是什么，然后根据它在从句中充当什么成分，便可辨认出用什么先行词。
trying to maneuver our shopping carts
路净硫酸：[答案] 1.who指人,在从句中作主语,不可省略. 2.whose指人也可指物,在从句中作定语,不可省略. 3.that多数指物,有时也可指人,只限用于限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语.作宾语时可省略. 4.which指物,在从句作主语、宾语,在限制性定语从...
博兴县17667087047： which、that、who的区别 - ？
路净硫酸： 晕 题目都不会问得.你是问他们在定语从句中的用法区别吧???简单来说,which、that指代物或人.而who只指人.还有,非限定性定语从句中用which 而不用what. 介词后面也只能用which, 定语从句分的很细的你可以看看初中语法书.上面有详细解说的.
博兴县17667087047： that,which.who的用法有什么不同? - ？
路净硫酸： 一、 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,...
博兴县17667087047： who/which/what/when和that的区别 - ？
路净硫酸： what能引导定语从句???....展开全部 具体区别还是在用法上,就考试来说,非限制性定从考的比较多,which的考点主要在这 关于that,注意和主从和同位语从句区分,然后注意做表语成分的时候.that的考点主要是和其他的从句相区别,毕竟that用法太多了. who whose whom 这几个就要对句子成分有个明确的分析,就不难作答. 至于when 和where的考察,主要是在跟in which一起,看具体是个什么成分.总之定语从句就是靠一个结构的把握,把成句子分析好了就不难.
博兴县17667087047： which what where who等的用法? - ？
路净硫酸： 主要的区别和用法:which,where,who都可以引导定语从句,而what不可以引导定语从句,但是what可以引导名词性从句.which,where,和who引导定语从句时又有不同,当先行词是物时用which,which指事物,在从句中做主语或者宾语.作宾语...
博兴县17667087047： 定语从句中which和that,who和that之间有什么区别? - ？
路净硫酸：[答案] which和that的区别是:在一个句子中,当which和that可以互换的时候,that可以省略而which不能 who和that的区别是:who特指人,that指除人以外的事物
博兴县17667087047： what which that how when 分别在从句中的用法和表示什么 - ？
路净硫酸： 分别表示: what对物体提问,意思是什么 how对方式提问,意思是怎样,也可引导感叹句 which意思是哪一个 when对时间提问 that一般引导宾语从句和定语从句what、who、when、where、why、how、which、whom、whose——疑问词引导从...
博兴县17667087047： who,which,whom,that的区别.后面分别跟什么格 - ？
路净硫酸： 答:1) that既可以指人又可以指物,在句子中常作“主语”,“宾语”. 2) which只能指物,在句子中常作“主语”,“宾语”,too. 3) who只能指人,在句子中作“主语”或“宾语”. 4) whom只能指人,在句子中只作“宾语”. 5)that和which的区别(这是考试中最长出现的) a. that只能引导限制性定语从句,which既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句. b. 当前面的名词为不定代词或者有最高级时,只能用“that”引导. c. 当前面为介词时,只能用“which”引导. 原创,绝无摘抄! 建议楼主最好买本语法书,先把句子成分弄清了,学习英语语法就完成一半了. 88
博兴县17667087047： which和that who什么的用法的区分 - ？
路净硫酸： a) 关系代词who的用法 i. who 的前行词必须是人,在从句中可以担任主语,往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾 语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词,如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom: (介词+whom) This is the teacher who teaches us ...
博兴县17667087047： 定语从句中that,which,who,whose,where,why,what等词的用法与区别(详细). - ？
路净硫酸： 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句. 一.词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从...
