关于英语定语从句 求关系副词、关系代词等等详细讲解。最好举例说明

关于英语动名词短语 Cut up these potatoes.I'll cook them. 句中cut为何不用cutting。~

Cut up these potatoes.I'll cook them.
这是祈使句，动词用的是原型
如果要用cutting的话
应该是【Cutting up these potatoes,and I'll cook them.】
有不会的可以再问我

　　定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择：
　　1. 明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用。
　　关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语。
　　关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语。
　　2. 分析句子结构，明确句法成分。
　　关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等。

关系代词有：that which who whom whose as 等
关系副词有：where when why 等

一、 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人，在从句中作主语。
例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。
例如：Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
注意：①关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略
②如果在从句中作宾语，就用whom或who
例如：He is the man whom/who I talk to
③如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who
例如：He is the man who has an English book
3.which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略
例如：Football is a game which is liked by most boys
This is thn pen (which) he bought yesterday
4.that 指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略
例如：Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning.
5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语
例如：He has a friend whose father is a doctor
I once lived in a house whose roof had fallen in
whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替：
例如：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired
Do you like the book whose color is yellow
Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
(一般后面有名词的前面的关系词就用whose）
6.代表物时多用which 但在带有下列词的句子中只能用that 而不用which
①在there be 句型中，只用that
②当先行词是anything everything nothing (something除外）,few all none little some等代词时，或者是由every any all some no little few much each 等词修饰时，只用that
例如：All that can be done has been done
There is little that I can do for you
③当先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that
例如：The first place that they visit in London was the Big Ben.
④当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只用that
例如：This is the best film that I have seen
⑤先行词被the very , the only, the same ,the last修饰时，只用that
⑥当先行词既有人又有物时，只用that
（一般这几点比较容易考到）

二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/at/on/+which
when=during/on/in/ +which
1.when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
例如：I still remember the day when I first came to the school
2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
例如：Shanghai is the city where I was born
3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语
例如;please tell me the reason why you missed the plane
注意;关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
例如：The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear
Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born

《中考捷径》上摘抄的 。

定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。
先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.
先行词 关系代词
Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.
先行词 关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.
一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前面
四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
in which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.
练习：用which ，where填空
1 This is the factory where they want to visit。
2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books
3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born?
4 Is this the museum which they visited last month?
5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing?
8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to。
10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____.
二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句
中充当时间状语.
He came at a time +we needed help at a time.
介词短语
=He came at a time when we needed help
关系副词
at which we needed help
介词+关系代词
which we needed help at
关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略
that we needed help at
三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。
如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.

<新编英语语法教程> 章振邦, 那本书的语法很全。

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