花费(take cost pay spend)用法上的不同
cost,spend,take用法区别
这三个均可表示“花费”,但在用法和搭配等有很大区别。现分述如下:
一、从所涉及的主语来看
cost的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语it),不能是人;spend的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me)$2000.这部电脑花了(我)2000美元。
It costs(me)$1000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花(我)1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you.我花了1整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter.我写这封信花了1个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write).(译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter.(译文同上)
注:若cost不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year.抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
二、从所涉及的宾语来看
cost的宾语通常是钱,take的宾语通常是时间,而spend的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge?建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station.走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money)on books.他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house.买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
三、从所采用的句型结构来看
(1)三者的通常句型为:
sth costs(sb)money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs(sb)money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time(money)on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time(money)in on doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time(money)to do sth = it takes time(money)for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time(money)to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time(moeny)to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2)用于以上意义时,cost不能用于被动语态,take通常不用于被动语态,而spend则可以用于被动语态。
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
take
it takes sb sometime to do sth花费时间做某事
cost
一般指的是主语(物品)花费多少钱
spend
spend in doing sth spend on sth 花费时间,物质,经历做某事
pay for
主语(人)花费金钱。支付。。。。。 一、take通常用来表示“花费时间”,一般用it来作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。句型结构为,It takes sb some time to do sth.例如: It takes me half an hour to read English every morning. (=To read English takes me half an hour every morning.) 每天早晨朗读英语要花费我半个小时。 二、pay用来表示“花费钱”,“付款”,“付报酬”。主语通常是人。 1、pay + money + for sth,例如: I paid fifty yuan for this coat yesterday. (=I spent fifty yuan on this coat yesterday.=This coat cost me fifty yuan yesterday.)昨天我花了五十元钱买了这件外衣。 2、pay for sth,例如: Have you paid for this suit? 你给这套西服付款了吗? 3、pay for sb , 例如: If you help me carry the heavy bag ,I'll pay for you. 假如你帮我搬这只重包的话,我将会付给你报酬。 三、spend用来表示“花费钱”,“花费时间”,主语通常是人。 1、spend + money + on sth,例如: She spent five pounds on this book. (=She paid five pounds for this book.=This book cost her five pounds.)她花了五个英镑买了这本书。 2、spend + time + on sth.例如: They spent two weeks on the work.他们花费了二周时间完成了 这项工作。 3、spend + time(+in) +V-ing,例如: She always spends much time (in) watching TV. (=It always takes her much time to watch TV.) 她总是花许多时间来看电视。 四、cost用来表示“花费(钱、时间、劳力等)”,“值多少钱”。 主语通常是物。注意,cost无被动语态形式。例如: This sweater cost me sixty yuan.这件毛衣花费了我60元钱。 This coat is very nice ,but it costs too much. 这件外衣非常好看,可是太贵了。 This problem cost him twenty minutes. 这道题花费了我二十分钟时间。 The building cost them ten months of hard work. 这幢楼房花费了他们十个月辛劳。 How much does this watch cost? 这种表值多少钱?
[teIk]
vt., vi.
took [tu:k], taken [teIkEn], taking [teIkIN]
得到;获得
You have to take it as you find it.
对这个你只得将就些算了。
拿;握住;抓住
The mother took her child by the hand.
母亲拉着孩子的手。
取走,拿走
Take this shopping home.
把这件买的东西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like.
这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。
He'd take a candy from a baby.(美)(非正式)
他是个贪得无厌的下流坯。
Who has taken my chocolate?
谁拿了我的巧克力?
容纳;装
Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been kept away from living areas.
它的宽阔马路有14条车道,而且远离生活区。
These village cottages take in paying guests during the summer holidays.
暑假期间这些农家村舍接待付费的旅客。
The suitcase wouldn't take another thing.
这个衣箱再装不下别的东西了。
cost
n.
成本;费用
cost price
成本价格
The cost of living is going up.
生活费用在提高。
代价;价格
The cost of the house was too high for me.
对于我来说,这房子的价格太高了。
牺牲
He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.
他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
paid, paying
付(款);支付;缴纳
He paid £5 for the book.
他买这本书花了五英镑。
"I'd like to pay by cheque, please."
我想用支票支付。
I paid $150 for that walki-lookie.
我花了一百五十美元买了那台轻便电视摄影机。
"The international corporation paid $50,000 for the firm, and $2,000 for its goodwill."
"这家跨国公司用五万美元买下了这家商号,两千美元买下了它的信誉。"
付清(账单、债务)
Can you lend me some money - I can pay you back tomorrow.
你能借给我点儿钱吗?我明天就可以还给你。
Have I paid you back the $20 you lent me?
你借给我的二十美元我还给你了吗?
Have you paid the electricity bill for the last month yet?
你缴了上个月的电费了吗?
生利;有…收益;值得(麻烦);合算
It pays me to keep that stock.
持有那种股票对我有利。
It will pay to read a dictionary if you have time.
"如果你有时间,翻翻词典是值得的。"
It will pay in the long run if the setting off of firecrackers is effectively banned in the cities.
"从长远来看,在城市里真正有效地禁放鞭炮,是值得的。"
做;致;说
pay a visit
访问
pay a call
拜会
pay a compliment
致意
pay one's respects
致敬
The workers paid homage to the king when he came to the factory for a visit.
"当国王来到工厂参观时,工人们向他致敬。"
给;与
pay attention
注意
遭受惩罚
She has paid the penalty for her theft.
她犯的偷窃罪已受到惩罚。
He paid dearly for his careless slip.
他为自己粗心的失误付出了巨大的代价。
spent, spending
花钱;付款
How much money do you spend each week?
你每星期花多少钱?
花时间;度过
I spent an hour reading.
我花了一小时读书。
Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.
现在城市里越来越多的成年人利用业余时间到学校或大学去深造。
'Will you be spending your holidays abraod this year?' I asked.
`你今年准备到国外去度假吗?'我问。
用尽,竭尽
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