King Arthur

作者&投稿:齐辉 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
亚瑟王(King Arthur)是什么?有什么典故吗?~

  亚瑟王
  亚瑟王

  亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物。他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王。关于亚瑟王的传奇故事,最初如何诞生,源自何处,皆无从查考。究竟亚瑟王是不是以某位历史人物作为基础塑造出来的虚构角色也不得而知。

  西元800年左右,威尔斯的修士撰写了一本《布灵顿人的历史》,书中首次记载“亚瑟”这个名字,描述他领导威尔斯人抵抗从泰晤士河中游入侵的萨克森人。

  亚瑟王传说

  亚瑟王传说,是西元十二世纪,由遍历欧洲的吟游诗人开始传颂的。

  曾经统治英国的凯尔特民族在西元一世纪的时候被罗马帝国所统治,历经六世纪以后,日耳曼民族相继入侵,其势力渐趋衰微,终于被迫让出英国王位。传说中,亚瑟就是在日耳曼民族入侵的这段时期里面,以凯尔特人的英雄身分登场。他率领各部落在名为巴顿山之役的交战中一举击溃属于日耳曼民族一支的萨克森人,被视为中世纪英国著名的传奇人物。

  但是,亚瑟的形象却随著传说故事旳演进而不断地变化,最后演变成为统治不列颠之王,成为将兰斯洛、崔斯坦等传说中的骑士收于麾下的“圆桌骑士团”的首领,拥有至高荣誉的英雄。

  王者之剑(Excalibur)与石中剑(The Sword in the Stone)是亚瑟王至尊的王权象征,佩带著这把具有精灵魔力的王者之剑,令众骑士俯首称臣,不仅确立他自己的王位,也在众多的战役之中赢得胜利,凯旋而归。

  王者之剑

  王者之剑(Excalibur),又译为断钢剑、斩铁剑、湖中剑。值得注意的是有许多较不专业的译文将此剑时译之为石中剑,这是不正确的。

  王者之剑是在亚瑟王传说中所登场的魔法圣剑,可以称得上是后世骑士文学中,英雄多半配持著名宝剑传统的滥觞。

  在亚瑟王传说中,拔出石中剑、登基为王的亚瑟在与King Pellinore交锋时折断了石中剑,后来他在梅林的指引下,从湖中女士的手中得到了王者之剑。王者之剑在精灵国度阿瓦隆所打造,剑锷由黄金所铸、剑柄上镶有宝石,并因其锋刃削铁如泥,故湖中女士以Excalibur(即古塞尔特语中「断钢」之意)命名之。梅林此时则告诫亚瑟:「王者之剑虽强大,但其剑鞘却较其剑更为贵重。配戴王者之剑的剑鞘者将永不流血,你决不可遗失了它。」

  但后来亚瑟王还是遗失了剑鞘,也因此他虽拥有削铁如泥的宝剑,最后仍为叛徒骑士Mordred所杀。而王者之剑最后则在亚瑟王的嘱咐下,由Sir Bedivere投回湖中,与亚瑟王一齐回到精灵国度阿瓦隆去。

  阿瓦隆

  阿瓦隆(Avalon)是亚瑟王传奇中的重要岛屿,一般咸信它应该就是今天位于英格兰西南的格拉斯顿堡(Glastonbury)。

  传说中,阿瓦隆四周为沼泽和迷雾所笼罩,只能通过小船抵达。在亚瑟王传奇中,阿瓦隆象征来世与身后之地。亚瑟王死后,他的同母异父的姐姐莫甘娜(Morgan le Fay)用小船将他的遗体运来并埋葬于此。

  关于avalon的词源,有一种理论认为它是凯尔特语“Annwyn”的英语化,而Annwyn意指仙女之地或冥间。英国编年史家,蒙茅斯的杰佛里(Geoffrey of Monmouth)则认为avalon是苹果岛之意(isle of apples)。考虑到直到今天,apple一词在布列塔尼语(Breton)和康沃尔语(Cornish)中仍被拼为Afal,而在威尔士语(Welsh)中则为Aval,杰佛里的说法似乎较为可信。

  Glastonbury在凯尔特语中又称为"Ynis Witrin",意即玻璃岛(The Isle of Glass)。冯象先生于2003所出以亚瑟王传奇为主题的新书,即以“玻璃岛”为书名。也许您仍然会困惑为何一个岛会以玻璃命名。一种有趣的解释是,古代的玻璃镜乃青铜打磨而成,而Glastonbury青葱一碧,颜色具象,故有此名。

  萨克森人

  萨克森人(英语Saxon;德语Sachsen),又译撒克逊人,原属日耳曼蛮族,早期分布于今日德国境内的尼德萨克森(Niedersachsen)地方。西元5世纪中期,大批的日尔曼人经由北欧入侵大不列颠群岛,包括了盎格鲁人(Angles)、萨克森人、朱特人(Jutes),经过长期的混居,逐渐形成现今英格兰人的祖先。


  亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物。他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王。关于亚瑟王的传奇故事,最初如何诞生,源自何处,皆无从查考。究竟亚瑟王是不是以某位历史人物作为基础塑造出来的虚构角色也不得而知。

  西元800年左右,威尔斯的修士撰写了一本《布灵顿人的历史》,书中首次记载“亚瑟”这个名字,描述他领导威尔斯人抵抗从泰晤士河中游入侵的萨克森人。

  亚瑟王传说,是西元十二世纪,由遍历欧洲的吟游诗人开始传颂的。

  曾经统治英国的凯尔特民族在西元一世纪的时候被罗马帝国所统治,历经六世纪以后,日耳曼民族相继入侵,其势力渐趋衰微,终于被迫让出英国王位。传说中,亚瑟就是在日耳曼民族入侵的这段时期里面,以凯尔特人的英雄身分登场。他率领各部落在名为巴顿山之役的交战中一举击溃属于日耳曼民族一支的萨克森人,被视为中世纪英国着名的传奇人物。

  但是,亚瑟的形象却随着传说故事旳演进而不断地变化,最后演变成为统治不列颠之王,成为将兰斯洛、崔斯坦等传说中的骑士收于麾下的“圆桌骑士团”的首领,拥有至高荣誉的英雄。

  王者之剑(Excalibur)与石中剑(The Sword in the Stone)是亚瑟王至尊的王权象征,佩带着这把具有精灵魔力的王者之剑,令众骑士俯首称臣,不仅确立他自己的王位,也在众多的战役之中赢得胜利,凯旋而归。

  英国古时候有个亚瑟王的传说,当时由威廉·马罗礼改写后付印出版,书名为《亚瑟
  王之死》,一共十二集,为英国的小说带来了新风格。

  亚瑟王故事的流传对欧洲的骑士们发生了很大的影响,并且成为欧洲骑士的偶像,欧
  洲的诗歌和小说大多从骑士故事脱胎而出。

亚瑟王
亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物。他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王。关于亚瑟王的传奇故事,最初如何诞生,源自何处,皆无从查考。究竟亚瑟王是不是以某位历史人物作为基础塑造出来的虚构角色也不得而知。 如果确实存在亚瑟王这个人物,据推测他所生活的年代大概是公元500年左右,其间是一段50年左右(符合所知的各亚瑟王版本)的时期。

西元800年左右,威尔斯的修士撰写了一本《布灵顿人的历史》,书中首次记载“亚瑟”这个名字,描述他领导威尔斯人抵抗从泰晤士河中游入侵的萨克森人。

亚瑟王传说

亚瑟王传说,是西元十二世纪,由遍历欧洲的吟游诗人开始传颂的。 公认的集大成作品为15世纪左右的《亚瑟王之死》

曾经统治英国的凯尔特民族在西元一世纪的时候被罗马帝国所统治,历经六世纪以后,日耳曼民族相继入侵,其势力渐趋衰微,终于被迫让出英国王位。传说中,亚瑟就是在日耳曼民族入侵的这段时期里面,以凯尔特人的英雄身分登场。他率领各部落在名为巴顿山之役的交战中一举击溃属于日耳曼民族一支的萨克森人,被视为中世纪英国著名的传奇人物。

但是,亚瑟的形象却随著传说故事旳演进而不断地变化,最后演变成为统治不列颠之王,成为将兰斯洛、崔斯坦等传说中的骑士收于麾下的“圆桌骑士团”的首领,拥有至高荣誉的英雄。

王者之剑(Excalibur)与石中剑(The Sword in the Stone)是亚瑟王至尊的王权象征,佩带著这把具有精灵魔力的王者之剑,令众骑士俯首称臣,不仅确立他自己的王位,也在众多的战役之中赢得胜利,凯旋而归。

王者之剑

王者之剑(Excalibur),又译为断钢剑、斩铁剑、湖中剑。值得注意的是有许多较不专业的译文将此剑时译之为石中剑,这是不正确的。

石中剑(The Sword in the Stone),亚瑟拔出的选王之剑。一说其为Excalibur的原型Caliburn。《不列颠诸王史》关于Caliburn的记载有亚瑟王用此剑一战杀掉攻击他的470名萨克逊士兵。

王者之剑是在亚瑟王传说中所登场的魔法圣剑,可以称得上是后世骑士文学中,英雄多半配持著名宝剑传统的滥觞。

在亚瑟王传说中,拔出石中剑、登基为王的亚瑟在与King Pellinore(个人印象是Sir Pellinore)交锋时折断了石中剑,此役起因是亚瑟在一座城堡拜访时,城堡主人Annoure看到向城堡走来的Sir Pellinore,请求亚瑟王给予保护。实际上Sir Pellinore也是受到Annoure戏弄,前来与亚瑟王交锋。这次战斗被认为是违反骑士道的,成为石中剑断裂的原因。后来他在梅林的指引下,从湖中女士的手中得到了王者之剑。王者之剑在精灵国度阿瓦隆所打造,剑锷由黄金所铸、剑柄上镶有宝石,并因其锋刃削铁如泥,故湖中女士以Excalibur(即古塞尔特语中「断钢」之意)命名之。梅林此时则告诫亚瑟:「王者之剑虽强大,但其剑鞘却较其剑更为贵重。配戴王者之剑的剑鞘者将永不流血,你决不可遗失了它。」

但后来亚瑟王还是遗失了剑鞘,也因此他虽拥有削铁如泥的宝剑,最后仍为叛徒骑士Mordred所杀。而王者之剑最后则在亚瑟王的嘱咐下,由Sir Bedivere投回湖中,与亚瑟王一齐回到精灵国度阿瓦隆去。

阿瓦隆

阿瓦隆(Avalon)是亚瑟王传奇中的重要岛屿,一般咸信它应该就是今天位于英格兰西南的格拉斯顿堡(Glastonbury)。

传说中,阿瓦隆四周为沼泽和迷雾所笼罩,只能通过小船抵达。在亚瑟王传奇中,阿瓦隆象征来世与身后之地。亚瑟王死后,他的同母异父的姐姐莫甘娜(Morgan le Fay)用小船将他的遗体运来并埋葬于此。

关于avalon的词源,有一种理论认为它是凯尔特语“Annwyn”的英语化,而Annwyn意指仙女之地或冥间。英国编年史家,蒙茅斯的杰佛里(Geoffrey of Monmouth)则认为avalon是苹果岛之意(isle of apples)。考虑到直到今天,apple一词在布列塔尼语(Breton)和康沃尔语(Cornish)中仍被拼为Afal,而在威尔士语(Welsh)中则为Aval,杰佛里的说法似乎较为可信。

Glastonbury在凯尔特语中又称为"Ynis Witrin",意即玻璃岛(The Isle of Glass)。冯象先生于2003所出以亚瑟王传奇为主题的新书,即以“玻璃岛”为书名。也许您仍然会困惑为何一个岛会以玻璃命名。一种有趣的解释是,古代的玻璃镜乃青铜打磨而成,而Glastonbury青葱一碧,颜色具象,故有此名。

圆桌骑士

亚瑟王迎娶Guinivere时其父赠予亚瑟王一张可容150人(一说50)的圆桌(一说Merlin所制造……)。圆桌骑士据说为128人(还有32,24等版本,最离奇的是有把跟查理曼大帝的12骑士搞混的,详见某给中学生写的双语读物)。其中有一个“Siege Perilous”(危险席),只有注定获得圣杯的(一说品行完全没有污点的)骑士才可以安坐该席而不丧命。后来坐上此席的是Sir Galahad。有名的圆桌骑士还有第一骑士Sir Lancelot,他的好友(一段时间也是敌人),实力可与Lancelot匹敌的Sir Gawain,将亚瑟王圣剑还入湖中的Sir Bedivere,与亚瑟王为兄弟的Sir Kay及其父Sir Ector,Meloidas国王的儿子Sir Tristram,双剑骑士Sir Balin及其弟Balan(似乎没有受封爵士),后创建圣杯骑士团的Sir Parcivale等。顺便带上Sir Agrivaine和Sir Mordred两个叛徒人物。

萨克森人

萨克森人(英语Saxon;德语Sachsen),又译撒克逊人,原属日耳曼蛮族,早期分布于今日德国境内的尼德萨克森(Niedersachsen)地方。西元5世纪中期,大批的日耳曼人经由北欧入侵大不列颠群岛,包括了盎格鲁人(Angles)、萨克森人、朱特人(Jutes),经过长期的混居,逐渐形成现今英格兰人的祖先。

你自己删减吧

How did it survive?

he legend of King Arthur is one that is known the world over. It is steeped in chivalry and romance. To most people it is just that, a romantic story of a king and his exploits involving magic, magicians in an age where good conquered evil. How this legend grew, will be explained. If there were no historical basis for the legend, I would not include it here. This legend however is thought to have been based on an actual person.

The legend

he development of the story of King Arthur is interesting. Like any good story, it gets better in the telling over the years. The first work that mentions Arthur, was that written by Nennius in the 9th century. It was a single paragraph written in Latin and was thought to have been taken from an even older Welsh story. This story may have been centuries old and would have been past from generation to generation verbally. The paragraph concerns itself with the twelve great battles that were fought by Arthur.

Written down

he first evidence we have concerning the stories was a collection of legends written in Brittany in their local language. Why Brittany, I have no idea. By the middle of the twelfth century the legend began to develop with the work of Geoffrey of Monmouth. His work entitled "Historia Britonum" was the first real reference to the legends connected with King Arthur. Geoffrey of Monmouth stated that the original Brittany work was the inspiration for his. Again it was translated into Latin.

Another translation

ot long after Geoffrey of Monmouth's work - the Norman chronicler Wace, translated the work into Norman French.

The culprits

owards the end of the twelfth century, a writer by the name of Walter Map took the work of Wace and others and romanticised them into French prose. It was his working of the old stories that were mainly responsible for legend we have today. Very early into the 13th century, the parish priest of early in Worcestershire wrote the poem now known as "Brut". Written in Old English, as opposed to early Anglo Saxon, he again developed the story making Arthur the hero we love to read about now. One fact that did not seem to get distorted was the original origin of Arthur. In all of the translations his Welsh, Celtic origin was acknowledged.

Sir Thomas Malory

he following three hundred years saw the working at reworking of the original story. Each version becoming more and more glossy as extra detail was added by each writer. In 1470, Sir Thomas Malory completed a work now known as "Morte Darthur" which was probably more responsible for the concept of chivalry than any other work. It is a long book and is difficult to understand, very much like certain scenes in the Bayeux Tapestry, they relates to occurrences that are not understandable by us today. This reference work was the inspiration for Tennyson's " Ideology of the Kings".

The birth of King Arthur

t befell in the days of Uther Pendragon, when he was king of all England, that there was a mighty duke in Cornwall that held war against him a long time. And the duke was named the Duke of Tintagil. Ten miles away from his castle, called Terrabil, there was, in the castle Tintagil, Igraine of Cornwall, that King Uther liked and loved well, for she was a good and fair lady, and passing wise. He made her great cheer out of measure, and desired to have her love in return; but she would not assent unto him, and for pure anger and for great love of fair Igraine King Uther fell sick. At that time there lived a powerful magician named Merlin, who could appear in any place he chose, could change his looks as he liked, and at will could do wonderful things to help or to harm knights and ladies. So to King Uther came Sir Ulfius, a noble knight, and said, " I will seek Merlin, and he shall do you remedy so that your heart shall be pleased." So Ulfius departed, and by adventure met Merlin in beggar's array, and made him promise to be not long behind in riding to Uther's pavilion. Soon Merlin stood by the king's side and said : " I know all your heart, and promise ye shall have your desire, if ye will be sworn to fulfil my wish." This the king solemnly agreed to do, and then Merlin said: "After ye shall win Igraine as wife, a child shall be born to you that is to be given unto me to be brought up as I will; this shall be for your honour and the child's avail." That night King Uther met in battle the Luke of Tintagil, who had protected Igraine in her castle, and overcame him. Then Igraine welcomed Uther as her true lover, for Merlin had given him the appearance of one dear to her, and, the barons being all well accorded, the two were married on a morning with great mirth and joy. When the time came that Igraine should bear a son, Merlin came again unto the King to claim his promise, and he said: "I know a lord of yours in this land, a passing true man and a faithful, named Sir Ector, and he shall have the nourishing of your child. Let the young Prince be delivered to me at yonder privy postern, when I come for him." So the babe, Arthur Pendragon, bound in a cloth of gold, was taken by two knights and two ladies to the postern gate of the castle and delivered unto Merlin, disguised as a poor man, and by him was carried forth to Sir Ector, whose wife nourished him as her own child. Then within two years King Uther fell sick of a great malady. Wherefore all the barons made great sorrow, and asked Merlin what counsel were best, for few of them had ever seen or heard of the young child, Arthur. On the morn all by Merlin's counsel came before the King, and Merlin said: "Sir, shall your son Arthur be king, after your days, of this realm with all the appurtenance ? " Then Uther Pendragon turned him and said in hearing of them all, "I give him God's blessing and mine, and bid him righteously and honourably to claim the crown upon forfeiture of my blessing." Therewith he died, and he was buried as befitted a king, and the queen, fair Igraine, and all the barons made great sorrow.

From: Stories of King Arthur and his Knights ( by Waldo Cutler ).

亚瑟王传奇及相关网站Link
http://iris-kosmos.blog.hexun.com/2587009_d.html

http://www.angelskys.com/bbs/ShowPost.asp?ThreadID=2082

你去EMULE(电驴)上搜下
BBC 寻找神话和英雄

里面有集记录片专门讲他的,不过电驴下载比较慢...如果你要急用我推荐你网上自己搜


花都区17150722805: King Arthur - 搜狗百科
黎翟清脑: 一个亚瑟王,亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.是英格兰族群.圆桌骑士据说为128人.亚瑟王(古不列颠传奇国王)亚瑟·潘德拉贡(Arthur Pendragon),又译阿瑟·潘德拉贡...

花都区17150722805: 介绍一下亚瑟王和十二圆桌骑士 -
黎翟清脑: 亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王.关于亚瑟王的传奇故事,最初如何诞生,源自何处,皆无从查...

花都区17150722805: 亚瑟大帝真名叫什么? -
黎翟清脑: 真名就是亚瑟,王、大帝都是对他的尊称也是他的地位亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王.关于...

花都区17150722805: 历史上真的有亚瑟王这个人吗? -
黎翟清脑: 亚瑟王(英语:King Arthur)全名为亚瑟·潘德拉刚(Arthur Pendragon).是英格兰传说中的国王,也是凯尔特英雄谱中最受欢迎的圆桌骑士团(或译圆桌武士)的骑士首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.中世纪作家,特别是法国作家,对亚...

花都区17150722805: 亚瑟王是什么时期的 -
黎翟清脑:[答案] 亚瑟王(英语:King Arthur)全名为亚瑟·潘德拉刚(Arthur Pendragon),是英格兰传说中的国王,也是凯尔特英雄谱中最受欢迎的圆桌武士的骑士首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.依照传说,他在罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列...

花都区17150722805: 谁能把书虫系列的《King Arthur》的大概内容和意思给我? -
黎翟清脑:[答案] 中文:传说公元4、5世纪的前后的中古时代,他在英国领土上推翻了数百年的罗马帝国的统治,成功驱逐了萨克森人的侵略... 亚瑟最后成功地建立了大不列颠王国,创造了英国的历史,而格温娜维尔最终也成为了王后. 英文:King Arthur is the figure...

花都区17150722805: 请介绍一下亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士
黎翟清脑: 亚瑟王 历史人物亚瑟王 亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了...

花都区17150722805: 亚瑟王的英文全名是什么捏? -
黎翟清脑:[答案] 著名的亚瑟王的全名:Arthur·Pendragon 亚瑟王(King Arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王. 里面有关于介绍亚瑟王历史

花都区17150722805: 亚瑟王全名是什么 亚瑟王是真实的吗 -
黎翟清脑: 著名的亚瑟王的全名:arthur·pendragon 亚瑟王(king arthur)是英格兰传说中的国王,圆桌骑士团的首领,一位近乎神话般的传奇人物.他是罗马帝国瓦解之后,率领圆桌骑士团统一了不列颠群岛,被后人尊称为亚瑟王. 里面有关于介绍亚瑟王历史 <a href="http://wenwen.soso.com/z/urlalertpage.e?sp=shttp%3a%2f%2fbaike.baidu.com%2fview%2f10631.htm" target="_blank">http://baike.baidu.com/view/10631.htm</a>

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