过去分词

作者&投稿:依生 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
英语的过去分词和过去式的区别是什么?~

过去式和过去分词最主要的区别是:
过去分词表的意义是被动或完成。 而过去式和过去分词最主要的区别是:过去式是一个动词,而过去分词是一个动词的非谓语形式,相当于一个形容词或副词
1、过去式是一个动词,单独作谓语。不能与助动词、情态动词连用。它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样。
2、过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,也叫非限定性动词。

扩展资料过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成(规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。 过去分词属于类动词:1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,同样强调动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
过去式(past tense)是英语语法的一种,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
参考资料:百度百科 过去分词百度百科 过去式

过去分词就是过去的过去所发生的事,在一个句子中如果出现了过去以前的事情就要用到现在完成时,现在完成时的结构就是have+过去分词。第一级是动词,第二级过去式,第三级就是过去分词了。过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。


扩展资料
The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。
注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作)
(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语)
注意过去分词表示被动和完成,V-ing 形式表示主动和进行.有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.。
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。
1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。
The meeting,attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
The boy looked up with a pleased satisfied expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
参考资料来源:百度百科-过去分词

一、基本概念
1. 分词的定义
动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用:
过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2) 过去分词做定语:
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
3) 过去分词做状语:
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
4) 过去分词作补足语:
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
当你在作报告时,你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语。如:
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。

二、特别提醒
1. 过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,他沉默不语。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。
2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:
have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:
I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:
They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。
have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:
①主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:
He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中,他失去了一只眼睛。
3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:
the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥 (表示将来的动作)
the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 (表示正在进行的动作)
the bridge built 造好的桥 (表示完成的动作)
4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别:
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:
boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。

练习题
1 I’m going to have my car ________ .
A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix
2. What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by
4. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played
11. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. The children were found _________ in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped
15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
17. No one enjoys ______ fun of in public.
A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make
18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____.
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak
19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
20. An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
1---5 C B B B A 6---10 A D D C A
11—15 D B B B A 16---20 B B B B A




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钟祥市17280227374: 过去分词 - 搜狗百科
佼军盐酸: 过去分词(Past Participle)是分词的一种.规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表.过去分词属于类动词:1.及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了. The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休.3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.

钟祥市17280227374: 过去分词表 -
佼军盐酸: 过去分词用于现在完成时,过去完成时,被动语态等.在现在完成时中表示过去发生的事,对现在产生影响.在过去完成时中表示比一般过去还要早的事,多用于时间状语从句.在被动语态中属于结构要求.

钟祥市17280227374: 过去分词的形式是什么? -
佼军盐酸: 加ed是过去式 过去分词表完成时 例如:I had been watch that movie last weekend.其中Been就是Be的过去分词 动词的过去分词大多数为不规则的 , 就像speak spoken ,break broken

钟祥市17280227374: 什么是过去分词
佼军盐酸: 过去分词一般有两种解释: 一是表示完成,(表示过去某个时间已经发生了某件事情,并且它的动作已经完成) 二是表示被动. 过去分词一般可以做一下成分: 一、过去分词作表语 二、过去分词作定语 三、过去分词作状语 四、过去分词作宾...

钟祥市17280227374: 英语中“过去分词”是什么意思,它和“过去式”有什么区别? -
佼军盐酸: 动词的过去式是一个动词,单独作谓语.不能与助动词、情态动词连用.它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样. 而动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,也叫非限定性动词.不能独立作谓语,只能与助动词一起构成谓语.如:“have/has/had +过去分词”构成完成时态;“be+过去分词”构成被动语态等.它相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中起一个形容词或副词的作用,可作表语、定语、补语等.它的作用与现在分词doing类似.过去分词表的意义是被动或完成. 而过去式和过去分词最主要的区别是:过去式是一个动词,而过去分词是一个动词的非谓语形式,相当于一个形容词或副词.

钟祥市17280227374: 过去分词是什么意思 -
佼军盐酸: 事情发生在过去 现在表述一遍 只能是过去式,过去分词

钟祥市17280227374: 过去分词有哪些??急急急 有图吗?有的话,分享一下吧! -
佼军盐酸: 英语中常用的过去分词可比较多啊,如:come(来),gone(去),put(放),lost(丢失),thought(想)等等等等...过去式和过去分词的不规则形式要靠记的,这里有个归纳可供参考:一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都...

钟祥市17280227374: 初中英语特殊过去式过去分词整理就是变法差不多的.要多的全的. -
佼军盐酸:[答案] (1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) cost(花费)cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit(打)hit hit hurt 伤害)hurt hurt let(让)let let put(放)put put read (读)read read (2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形) beat(跳动)beat beaten (3) ABA...

钟祥市17280227374: 什么叫过去分词 -
佼军盐酸: 过去分词 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表.1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过...

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