我急需一篇关于土木工程的中英文翻译论文 5000字 毕业用的

我急需一篇关于土木工程的中英文翻译论文 5000字 毕业用的~

我毕业设计的时候翻译过英文论文，不过只有3000字，不知道行不行，如果需要给我发信息。

Improved nonlinear plastic hinge analysis of space frame structures
J.Y. Richard Liew a,*, H. Chen a, N.E. Shanmugam a, W.F. Chen b
a Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
b School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Received 5 January 1999; received in revised form 17 August 1999; accepted 25 August 1999
Abstract
This paper is concerned with second-order plastic hinge analysis of three-dimensional frame structures. The beam–column formulation
is based on the use of stability interpolation functions for the transverse displacements, and considers the elastic coupling
effects between axial, flexural and torsional displacements. The developed computer program can be used to predict accurately the
elastic flexural buckling load of columns and frames by modelling each physical member as one element. It can also be used to
predict the elastic buckling loads associated with axial-torsional and lateral-torsional instabilities, which are essential for predicting
the nonlinear behaviour of space frame structures. The member bowing effect and initial out-of-straightness are also considered so
that the nonlinear spatial behaviour of structures can be captured with fewer elements per member. Material nonlinearity is modelled
by using the concentrated plastic hinge approach. Plastic hinge between the member ends is allowed to occur. Numerical examples
including both geometric and material nonlinearities are used to demonstrate the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed
analytical method and computer program. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Advanced analysis; Buckling; Nonlinear analysis; Plastic hinges; Space frames; Instability
1. Introduction
Two-dimensional (2-D) plastic hinge analysis of plane
frames composed of members with compact section,
fully braced out-of-plane, has been the subject for investigation
in recent years. The theory for advanced inelastic
analysis of rigid and semi-rigid 2-D frames has been
well developed and verified by tests [1,2]. These analysis
methods fulfil the requirements for the prediction of
member strength and stability, with some constraints,
satisfying the conventional column and beam–column
design limit-state checks. Although there have been
much work on the plastic hinge analysis of 3-D frame
structures, the issues related to different theoretical and
numerical formulations and their accuracy and efficiency
in solving large frameworks are not addressed well. The
research presented in this paper is an extension of
advanced analysis for 2-D frames [2] to 3-D frames [3–
5], reflecting the current trend towards the rationalisation
of advanced analysis procedures.
* Corresponding

改进非线性塑性铰空间框架结构的分析
摘要：
这份研究报告表明三维的框架结构与二维逻辑性塑性铰的关联，梁柱公式化的表述并嵌入横断面移动为基准，并考虑轴力、弯曲和扭力的移位之间的关系。发达的计算机程序作出通过每个物质成分作为一个基本部件做模型的塔器和框架可弯曲的负载量，它也能预报可弯曲负载量与轴向扭力和横向扭力的不稳定性的关联，这对预报非线性空间结构的作用是必不可少的，以便非线性空间结构的性能和部分成分一些原理能被输入计算机。重要的非线性通过使用浓缩的塑性铰方式被制作模型，塑性铰和成分末端是容许存在。数值的例子包括集合学和重要的非线性，两者习惯于证明目的的分析方法和电脑程序的稳定性，精确性。

English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering, civil engineering is literally, it is the construction of the project collectively. It means building objects that the construction on the ground, underground, water works facilities, equipment and materials to use in surveying, design construction, maintenance, repair and other professional skills. Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society, has been transformed into large integrated disciplines, it has a number of branches, such as : construction, rail projects, road projects, bridge projects, special project structure, water drainage works, the port project, water, environmental engineering disciplines. A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, construction and environmental engineering equipment, water drainage works and road bridge project.
Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects, its important attribute : an integrated, social, practicality, uniformity. Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process, the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economy
Ancient Civil Engineering has a long time span, roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance, resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today, and has experienced more than 2,000 years. During this period, due to the development of scientific theories and slow, there is no breakthrough in civil engineering practices.
Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years, foreign construction made great strides. Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative analysis. Some theoretical development, the emergence of new materials, new tools of invention, the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and maturity. In modern times, after the end of World War II, many countries economic takeoff, the increasing advances of modern science, so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material basis. People's living conditions continue to improve, more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances, the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering development.

土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。
土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。
土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。

.

古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。
从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展，新材料的出现，新工具的发明，都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代，二战结束之后，许多国家经济起飞，现代科学日益进步，从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。
人们生活水平的不断提高，必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境，在这种情况下，建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。
总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科，它已经取得了巨大的成就，未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化，人口的不断增加，人们为了争取生存，为了争取更舒适的生存环境，必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来，一些重大项目将会陆续兴建，插入云霄的摩天大楼，横跨大样的桥梁，更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展，以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展，为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来，工程材料主要是钢筋，混凝土，木材和砖材，在未来，传统材料将得到改观，一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世，尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时，设计方法的精确化，设计工作的自动化，信息和智能话技术的全面引入，将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话，理论的发展，新材料的出现，计算机的应用，高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃.

我毕业设计的时候翻译过英文论文，不过只有3000字，不知道行不行，如果需要给我发信息。

已经发到你邮箱。

已经发送 注意查收

---

哈巴河县15793422126： 关于土木工程的英语作文,100字左右即可需要一篇关于土木工程的,谈谈土木工程的看法的英语作文,100字左右即可,最好有中文翻译,只要和土木工程... - ？
祗亚海斯：[答案] Civil engineering is the oldest branch of the profession of engineering after military engineering. Many of the important things in our lives that we take for granted are the product of civil engineer...

哈巴河县15793422126： 求一篇土木工程中英文翻译15000字左右,翻译出来中文4000至6000字文献,邮箱399151230@qq.com好的追加100 - ？
祗亚海斯： 摘要 钢筋混凝土结构是单层工业厂房中一种常见的结构形式.特别是近十多年来,随着我国经济建设的迅速发展,由于生产的需要,这类结构以其造价低,适用范围广等优点而获得广泛的应用.本工程为统建食品加工厂车间,是一矩形单层单跨...

哈巴河县15793422126： 我急需一篇关于土木工程的中英文翻译论文 5000字 毕业用的？
祗亚海斯： English translation of civil engineering papers 5000 words

哈巴河县15793422126： 求一篇土木工程中英文翻译15000至20000字,翻译出来大概中文3000至6000字的文献,邮箱578374612@qq.com - ？
祗亚海斯： 土木工事土方工程的过程中,充分挖掘现有的土地以合适道路建设水平以便开始.的土木工事都能表现形式的开挖堤防建设的削减或者带有高架公路.通常在道路的设计方案,两个人都要有必要和运动的地球的一部分的网站到下一个是有必要的.应该这被做,尽可能少,的浪费了一些额外的材料或所处理或集合是非常昂贵的.还包括土方工程的主题下筑路材料压到适当的水平.但是这不是了它更关注实际施工于具体制度设计之路.这一页是单独担心的设计的是,而不是与土木工事的实际设计或者是削减堤防.如果你想要学习更多的关于这随后点击相关的页面包含在岩土节的链接网页.一个连接到这个可以发现相反.的题目分别在这一页,他们可以被分割的设计成土木工事和植物用于建设.

哈巴河县15793422126： 求1000字左右的土木工程英语文章 带翻译的 - ？
祗亚海斯：[答案] 大家都是搞工程的,有的是工程师,有的是未来的工程师. 你知道用英文怎样告诉他人,工程师和土木工程师是干什么的吗? SO,here: Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems....

哈巴河县15793422126： 5000字关于土木工程类的英语论文,并带中文翻译 - ？
祗亚海斯： About words of civil engineering English papers, and take the Chinese translation Browse The Times: times for points: 0 | from problems with 10 days over 15 hours | questioner: but for a floating clouds

哈巴河县15793422126： 求一篇土木工程的外文翻译要中英文都有的谢谢 - ？
祗亚海斯： 你要civil什么方面的,流体力学?结构分析?建筑材料?道路交通?

哈巴河县15793422126： 急求土木工程的文章急求土木工程英文翻译文章一篇.3千字 (英文原文和翻译好了的中文都可以)...千万别把翻译软件的结果复制过.或者一片关于土木工程... - ？
祗亚海斯：[答案] 你需要土木工程方面的文章,应该是要发表毕业论文吧,告诉你一个很好的方式,在土木相关论坛里面就可以下载,或者加入土木工程群里面向他们求助一下就可以了,一般发表过的整篇文章才能搜到,没有发表过的网上是搜不到的.

哈巴河县15793422126： 求一份跟土木工程有关的英语文章 有中文翻译？
祗亚海斯： For a civil engineering concerned with the Chinese translation of English article 其实这个我建议你去书店买本书吧.很多书店都有这方面的书.

哈巴河县15793422126： 求一份3000字土木工程中英文翻译,有出处最好 - ？
祗亚海斯： 邮翻译 带出去 以前毕业设计留下的 工民建 市政都有 邮箱给我