20世纪的英国作家分为哪三类？

20世纪的英国作家分为哪三类？~

批判现实主义，浪漫主义，还有。。。。

20世纪英国杰出的女哲学家和富有才华的作家 艾丽丝·默多克Iris Murdoch
英国20世纪 康拉德 戴维赫伯特劳伦斯 亨利·格林(Henry Green) E.M.福斯特 乔治·奥威尔
21世纪英国女作家J.K.罗琳（Joanne Kathleen Rowling）

Jane Austen (December 16, 1775 – July 18, 1817) was an English novelist whose work is considered part of the Western canon. Her insights into women's lives and her mastery of form and irony have made her one of the most noted and influential novelists of her era despite being only moderately successful during her lifetime
Life

"Cottage" where Jane Austen lived during the last 8 years of her life (today a museum)Jane Austen was born at the rectory in Steventon, Hampshire, in 1775, daughter to the Rev. George Austen (1731–1805) and his wife Cassandra (née Leigh) (1739–1827). She lived in the area for most of her life and never married. She had six brothers and one older sister, Cassandra, to whom she was very close. The only undisputed portrait of Jane Austen is a somewhat rudimentary coloured sketch done by Cassandra which resides in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Her brothers Frank and Charles went to sea, eventually becoming admirals. In 1783, she was educated briefly by a relative in Oxford, then in Southampton. In 1785–1786, she was educated at the Reading Ladies boarding school in the Abbey gatehouse in Reading, Berkshire. In general, she received an education superior to that generally given to girls of her time, and took early to writing, beginning her first tale in 1789.

Austen's life was relatively uneventful. In 1801 the family moved to Bath, the scene of many episodes in her writings (though Jane Austen, like her character Anne Elliot, seems to have "persisted in a disinclination for Bath"). In 1802 Austen received a marriage proposal from a wealthy but "big and awkward" man named Harris Bigg-Wither, who was six years her junior. Such a marriage would have "established" her (in the terminology of the day), and freed her from some of the constraints and "dependency" then associated with the role of a spinster who must rely on her family for support. Such considerations influenced her to at first accept his offer, but she then changed her mind the next day. It seems clear that she did not love him. After the death of her father in 1805, Austen, her sister, and her mother lived in Southampton with her brother Frank and his family for several years until they moved in 1809 to Chawton. Here her wealthy brother Edward had an estate with a cottage, where he allowed his mother and sisters to live. Their house is now open to the public.

Austen continued to live a quiet life with her family. In 1816, she began to suffer from ill-health. It is now thought she may have suffered from Addison's disease, the cause of which was then unknown. Her disease had ups and downs, but in 1817 her condition became so serious that she travelled to Winchester. She died there two months later, and was buried in the cathedral.

Work
Adhering to contemporary convention for female authors, Austen published her novels anonymously. Her novels achieved a measure of popular success and esteem, yet her anonymity kept her out of leading literary circles. Although all her works are love stories and although her career coincided with the Romantic movement in English literature, Jane Austen was no Romantic. Passionate emotion usually carries danger in an Austen novel and the young woman who exercises rational moderation is more likely to find real happiness than one who elopes with a lover. Her artistic values had more in common with David Hume and John Locke than with her contemporaries William Wordsworth or Lord Byron. Among Austen's favourite influences were Samuel Johnson, William Cowper, Samuel Richardson and Fanny Burney.

Her posthumously published novel Northanger Abbey satirizes the Gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe, but Austen is most famous for her mature works, which took the form of socially astute comedies of manners. These, especially Emma, are often cited for their perfection of form, while modern critics continue to unearth new perspectives on Austen's keen commentary regarding the predicament of unmarried genteel English women in the early 1800s. Inheritance law and custom usually directed the bulk of a family's fortune to male heirs.

In 1816, the editors of this publication didn't think that Emma was one of the more important novels of the day.Her novels were fairly well received when they were published, with Sir Walter Scott in particular praising her work:

"That young lady has a talent for describing the involvements of feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with."
Austen also earned the admiration of Macaulay (who thought that in the world there were no compositions which approached nearer to perfection), Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Sydney Smith, and Edward FitzGerald. Nonetheless, she was a somewhat overlooked author for several decades following her death. Interest in her work revived during the late nineteenth century. Twentieth century scholars rated her among the greatest talents in English letters, sometimes even comparing her to Shakespeare. Lionel Trilling and Edward Said were important Austen critics.

Negative views of Austen have been notable, with more demanding detractors frequently accusing her writing of being un-literary and middle-brow. Charlotte Brontë criticized the narrow scope of Austen's fiction:

"Anything like warmth or enthusiasm, anything energetic, poignant, heartfelt, is utterly out of place in commending these works: all such demonstrations the authoress would have met with a well-bred sneer, would have calmly scorned as 'outré' or extravagant. She does her business of delineating the surface of the lives of genteel English people curiously well. There is a Chinese fidelity, a miniature delicacy, in the painting. She ruffles her reader by nothing vehement, disturbs him with nothing profound. The passions are perfectly unknown to her: she rejects even a speaking acquaintance with that stormy sisterhood ... What sees keenly, speaks aptly, moves flexibly, it suits her to study: but what throbs fast and full, though hidden, what the blood rushes through, what is the unseen seat of life and the sentient target of death--this Miss Austen ignores....Jane Austen was a complete and most sensible lady, but a very incomplete and rather insensible (not senseless) woman, if this is heresy--I cannot help it."
Novels
Sense and Sensibility (published 1811)
Pride and Prejudice (1813)
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma (1816)
Northanger Abbey (1817) posthumous
Persuasion (1817) posthumous
[edit]
Shorter works
Lady Susan
The Watsons (incomplete novel)
Sanditon (incomplete novel)
[edit]
Juvenilia
The Three Sisters
Love and Freindship [sic; the misspelling of "friendship" in the title is famous]
The History of England
Catharine, or the Bower
The Beautifull Cassandra

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