定语从句中 what that whic 的区别是 何时该选择用他么 请高手讲解 希望是的白话一点 谢谢
注意：what不可以用在定语从句中。
定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
which引导的定语从句的用法
which可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词， 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如： He was reading a book， which was about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语。）
He was reading a book， which he had bought from London. 他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当宾语。）
which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解）， which仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：
He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。
把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境， 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句， which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，which常可译为“这一点，这件事”。
18. 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
1. 修饰,指代人物
关系代词that 引导的从句修饰,指代人物,在从句中作主语.
(1) 关系代词作主语
(1) I thank the woman.
She helped me.
I thank the woman that helped me.
(2) 关系代词作宾语
关系代词whom, who, that 在从句中作动词宾语时,修饰,指代人物.Whom 是宾格形式, 常用于较正式的英语中.who和that 常用于口语和非正式的英语中.在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下,作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略.
(2)The man told me to come back.
I saw him in the office.
a. The man whom I saw in the office told me to come back.
b. The man who I saw in the office told me to come back.
c. The man that I saw in the office told me to come back.
d. The man I saw in the office told me to come back.
我在办公室见到的那为男士叫我回去.
注意:(3) 关系代词作介词宾语
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,正式英语中,往往将介词提到关系代词前面.
(3) The woman spoke French.
I traveled with her.
a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.
和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语.
注意:在这类句子中修饰,指代人物时,只能用whom .关系代词不可以用who 或that. 也不可以省略
关系代词.
在口语和非正式英语中,介词往往放在原来的位置,即:在谓语动词之后.在这种情况下,关系代
词可以是who/ whom/that, 也可以省略.
b. The woman whom I travelled with spoke English.
c. The woman who I travelled with spoke English.
d. The woman that I travelled with spoke English.
e. The woman I travelled with spoke English.
2. 修饰,指代事物
关系代词that, which引导的从句用来修饰,指代事物,它们在从句中可以作句子的主语也可以作宾
语.
(1) 关系代词作主语
例句: Did you hear about the earthquake
It happened in San Francisco last week.
a. Did you hear about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco last week
b. Did you hear about the earthquake which happened in San Francisco last week
你听说上星期在旧金山发生的地震了吗
关系代词that / which引导的定语从句修饰名词earthquake.在从句that / which happened in San
Francisco last week 中作句子的主语.""
注意:当关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略.a. b. 两例句意思一样. Which 要比that正式一些.
关系代词that作动词宾语的时候可以省略.
Which在从句中作介词on的宾语.在英语口语和非正式的英语中,介词可以放在动词的后面.关系代词可以用which, that, 也可以省略.
b. Is the chair which he is standing on firm enough
c. Is the chair that he is standing on firm enough
d. Is the chair he is standing on firm enough
在例句b. c. d. ,从句that he is standing on中的介词后置,关系代词作介词on的宾语,可以用that/which, 也可以省略.
(4) 应该使用that的情况
有些情况下,that不能与which交换使用.
当从句修饰不定代词,如all, everything, something, little, much, none,the only, those 等时,必须用that 来引导从句.在从句中that作动词的直接宾语时,可以省略.
例: Listen, there is something (that) I must tell you.
听着,有些事情我必须告诉你.
b. 如果先行词被上述不定代词所修饰时,引导从句的关系代词也应用that.
例: All the apples (that) we picked were sent to the factory.
所有的我们摘的苹果都送到工厂去了.
c. 如果先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导.
有whic这个单词吗？不会是which吧？
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what
which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，
例如：
(1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]
2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
3. 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：
that指人时
相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
定语从句中没有what引导的，what引导名词性从句。that在定语从句做宾语，主语等成份，而且做宾语时可以省略；只能用在限制性定语从句中，不可用在非限制定语从句中。which在定语从句中做的成份和that相同，which不能省略。which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，在句中可以代表一个词，也可以代表一个句子。定语从句关键就是要搞清在句中坐的成份。
毅向力欣：[答案] what在从句中充当成分,且不可以省略,that和which都可以省略,不过有些特殊句型是只能用that的,这些句型参考书会有的,至于其他就没什么区别了.
祁阳县15121564914： 请问what、which、that在定语从句中用法的区别 - ？
毅向力欣：[答案] 注意:what不可以用在定语从句中. 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 The animal that \which is lost is a panda. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 She is the person that \who we ...
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句中WHAT和THAT怎么区分 - ？
毅向力欣： 不用区分,定语从句不用what引导,what用于引导名词性从句. 名词性从句中,如果从句缺少成分(主语,宾语,表语) 用what引导从句; 如果从句不缺少成分,句意完整用 that 引导从句 定语从句中that指代 先行词为人或物,在从句中做主语或宾语(限 限定性定语从句)
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句中的连词what和which有什么区别 - ？
毅向力欣： 注意:what不可以用在定语从句中. 定语从句的关系代词that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 Theanimalthat\whichislostisapanda. 先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 Sheisthepersonthat\...
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句中什么时候用连词what? - ？
毅向力欣： 在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换, 但在下列情况下不可以互换: 1. 只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况 (1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which.例如: ...
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句中 what that whic 的区别是 何时该选择用他么 请高手讲解 希望是的白话一点 谢谢？
毅向力欣： 有whic这个单词吗?不会是which吧? 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略, 例如: (1) A prosperity which / that ...
祁阳县15121564914： 英语定语从句中that、what、where、which、why、whose、等引导定语从句的词的用法 - ？
毅向力欣： 在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句.定语从句通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后,常由关系代词或关系副词引出,被修饰的词称为先行词.常见的关系代词有:who\whom\which\that\whose,关系副词有:when\why\where. 一、先行词为指...
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句连接词what 和that的用法 - ？
毅向力欣： 先纠正一下提法.what是不能引导定语从句的.that可以引导定语从句.what只能用来引导名词性从句,比如主语从句,如:What he said was not ture.(他说的不是真的.) 或者宾语从句,如:I don't believe what he said. (我不相信他说的话...
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句中先行词what与that的区别 - ？
毅向力欣：[答案] 更正两个概念,先行词是指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,还有what不用来引导定语从句. that在定语从句中的用法如下: 1.This is the book that was witten by Jim.that在从句中作主语 2.This is the book that I gave him.that在从句中作gave的直接宾语 3....
祁阳县15121564914： 定语从句中what 和that 的区别 - ？
毅向力欣： 定语从句引导词即连词中没有what.有that,who,which,whose,whom,where 等.1当先行词为人时用who或that .如:He is the man that /who likes playing basketball.2当先行词为物时用which 或that.如:The book which /that I bought yesteday is very interesting.总之,what 引导的是宾语从句而不是定语从句.如:I don't know what I should do next.
