求一篇2000字的关于英国文化的英语论文 。。

求一篇关于英国文化的英语论文。是用英语写的论文。1000字~

关于历史方面的，希望对你有用
寻找崇祯吊死的那棵树

四月初的太阳照着北京城，暖融融的，懒洋洋的。这是世纪初的北京――公元2001年的四月初，就是在这样一个上午，我又一次来到故宫后面的景山公园。
又一次来绝不是因为这里多少景致没看够。相反，这里其实没有多少景致可看，尤其是置身于这周边的风景名胜中――正南是故宫，西边是北海，而这里则只是一座土山，几个亭子，她根本没有多少值得夸耀的地方。又一次来是因为有件东西上次过眼太匆匆，没有细细品味。
这件东西就是那棵树，崇祯吊死的那棵树。
那棵树其实仅仅是一种象征――在土丘一般的景山东南下方，立着一株歪脖子槐树，上挂一牌――“崇祯吊死煤山处”。自然，没有几个人会相信这就是崇祯吊死的那棵树，因为这棵碗口粗的歪脖子树最多不过三、四十年树龄的样子，而自1644年崇祯皇帝自缢到现在，差三年就满甲申年的第六个轮回了。如果那棵树还长着，该是多么让人感慨万千。面对它，会让人感受到岁月的无情和苍老！
我在那棵树前徘徊了好一阵子，随后就拾级而上，在景山顶处的万寿亭坐了下来。故宫就在前方，强烈的阳光使我不得不眯起眼睛――正前方是从天安门甬道到故宫博物院出口的中轴线，这样一看，故宫恰似一本摊开的历史书。
那是个风雨飘摇、大厦将倾的甲申年。三月十八日，势如破竹的李自成农民军攻破了崇祯的最后一道堡垒――北京皇城。明崇祯帝朱由检在逼死后妃、剑砍长公主后，踉踉跄跄地从紫禁城里走了出来，跑到这后面的煤山上，望着四处燃起的烽烟，一壶酒一直喝到红日坠去，星光临天。随后他在一棵树的枝杈间用丝带打了个结，告诉身边太监：他痛失江山，无脸见祖宗，死后要以发覆面。随后就上吊而死。
崇祯之死有着不同凡响的意义。他的死，不仅仅在于一个王朝不可逆转的灭亡，更在于一个可能忽略的事实：随着清王朝的入主中原，以一种野蛮落后的孔武粗陋接管一个文明熟透同时也是腐烂的国度，科技文化的因子受到严重窒息，人文精神的嫩芽受到百般摧残，领先世界两三千年的华夏文明几乎止住了脚步，开始落后于西方。
国家与民族永远绑在一起
在西方，在崇祯皇帝上吊五年以后，英国斯图亚特王朝的查理一世也走上了穷途末路。十七世纪四十年代，可以说是东西方世界一个极其重要的年代――在这之前的几个世纪里，西方经过人文主义的大觉醒和科技的大进步，东西方基本上形成了一个不甚偏倚的天平。而随着明朝的灭亡及满清的入关，世界的天平失衡了。
亡国先亡天下
对崇祯的死，包括不少史学家在内――众多的人抱有同情之心。同情什么？同情他的身世，同情他的结局。虽励精图治却无力回天，国运已经明显不行，苦苦支撑仍力不从心，正如他所说：朕非亡国之君，而事事皆亡国之象。自然，同情崇祯的背后隐藏对一个国家和民族没落的悲叹。
崇祯皇帝在位十七年，然而他同中国的所有皇帝都不一样，从他登基第一天起，国家大厦将倾、分崩离析的事儿就接连不断地折磨着他，照史家的说法，他十七年里励精图治，企图中兴振作，但终是无力回天。国人对于亡国之君的印象是商纣王、秦二世、陈后主、隋炀帝、宋徽宗之类的主儿，这些人或残暴无情，或荒淫无耻，或昏庸无道，或懦弱无能，不亡没有道理；退一步讲，如果亡在他的祖辈万历皇帝朱翊钧――这个人懒惰得二十多年不理朝政，亡倒也亡了；如果亡在他的兄长天启皇帝朱由校――这个人重用太监大搞特务政治，却在皇宫里对自己的土木手艺手舞足蹈乐此不疲，亡倒也亡了。亡国之君的名义最终落在了崇祯皇帝身上，确实有些“不公平”。于是，史家的观点是：崇祯是在为万历和天启两代皇帝充当亡国之君的替罪羊。
中国历史上的腐朽黑暗时代人们历历可数，最腐朽黑暗的我认为应该是在崇祯之前的天启年间。为什么？为一个活人造生祠，这本来就有些出格了，况且这个活人是个流氓无赖起家的阉人；这还罢了，建祠的档次竟还要同“万世师表”的孔子比肩！建祠的位置更是显赫得无以复加，在美丽的杭州西子湖，阉人的生祠建在岳飞墓和关公庙之间，让一位过路的士人忍不住要长叹一声！但这一声长叹的代价却是惨遭毒打，身首异处。全国各地都掀起了一场声势浩大为其造生祠的“高潮”，如开封甚至扒了两千间民房建起一座气势宏大的生祠，有不少地方为建生祠还拆了学堂和其他庙宇。这个阉人魏忠贤的最大功绩在哪里？那就是伺候好了皇上，是皇上最好的奴才！更可悲的还在于一个国家和民族，在尚勇乏智的东林党人前仆后继但都一一惨败后，熟读圣人书的人们开始选择沉默，而相当多的选择了拍马逢迎。试想，有那么多的当官为政者情愿甘当一个阉人的鹰犬，甚至干儿干孙，朝野充斥着大量“五虎”、“五彪”、“十狗”以及“干儿义孙”之类腌渣杂碎，朝政的风气已经无耻到何等地步？读到这一页历史，三百多年后还让我们为民族里这样一群人的丑陋、虚伪、凶恶、嚣张与软弱感到耻辱，而这些事情真可谓世界文明史上的咄咄怪事！
崇祯就是接手这样的一个烂摊子，但他以十七岁的小小年纪，驱逐客魏，剪除阉党，整肃吏治，却显得干净利索，手段老到，深得一个国家的期望。当时，许多士人和百姓都觉得大明朝已峰回路转，将开始新的复兴了。
然而，烂摊子毕竟是烂摊子，并且这个烂摊子已到了烂透了的地步――二十余年荒怠异常的弊政，尤其是后来天启年间的腐朽加黑暗，大明朝其实正在滑向无尽的深渊，以至于朱由检从接手皇位的那天起，就感觉到屁股下面不是舒舒服服的龙椅，而是一座正喷薄着愤怒与仇恨的火山口。崇祯元年，饿殍遍野的陕西已燃起饥民起义的星星之火，而更大的农民风暴正在酝酿。而长城关外的东北，后金贵族早已崛起，努尔哈赤的子孙正虎视眈眈觊觎着关内的大明朝――在他们的眼中，大明朝无疑于圈养的无数肥壮牛羊等待着他们去宰割，去分享。内忧外患，一边像蔓延而来的大火，另一边又像呼啸而来的大潮，这就是崇祯帝朱由检接手是的窘况，并且随着时间的推移，形势愈加地严峻。朱由检不由地先乱了阵脚，继而手足失措，继而焦头烂额。可以说，忧心忡忡的心态一直贯穿着崇祯帝在位的十七年。
后人们在评述崇祯帝时，大多认为其痛失江山的一个致命之处在于两个字：多疑。多疑使他在用人前后难以一贯始终，多疑使他难以容忍失败，多疑使他变得格外苛求，多疑更使他自毁长城。人们看到，无论是防御后金的边塞还是镇压农民起义军的将领们，都竟如走马灯一般调换。人们看到，类似袁崇焕这样出色的将领不是死在疆场上，而是死在大明朝自己的刑场上；人们还看到，崇祯帝在洗涤魏忠贤的阉党集团后，多疑使他最终启用的不少人竟还是阉人，只不过换成了自己亲信的阉人而已。
崇祯帝为什么多疑？我想，这是应该予以充分思考的东西。

百度上搜嘛 就算现在给你回复那也只是上网复制粘贴的

2000 word? You know how much is gona cost for write that in the UK?

raise the bonus plz for such a big favor.

希望这篇Bonfire的文章能帮到你。
Bonfire Night - November 5th
This popular British rhyme is often spoken on Bonfire Night, in memory of the Gunpowder Plot:
Remember, remember the 5th of November
Gunpowder, treason and plot.
I see no reason that gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot.

The smell of gunpowder smoke and the snap and crackle of bonfires will fill the capital in the run up to Bonfire Night. Thousands of revellers will line London's parks to "ooh" and "aah" as the city explodes into colour, in remberance of Guy Fawkes (Guido Fawkes) and his foiled plot to blow up Parliament and the King in 1605.

Guy Fawkes was born in Yorkshire in 1570. A convert to the Catholic faith, Fawkes had been a soldier who had spent several years fighting in Italy. It was during this period that he adopted the name Guido (Italian for Guy) perhaps to impress the ladies!

'Guy Fawkes Day' also known as 'Bonfire Night' or 'Fireworks Night' by some, marks the date, November 5, 1605, when Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators attempted to kill King James I and the Members of Parliament and to blow up the Houses of Parliament.

This conspiracy arose as a reaction to the persecution of Catholics under the rule of King James, a Protestant. Infuriated by the failure of King James, the son of the passionately Catholic Mary Queen of Scots, to grant more toleration to Catholics. Four other Catholics joined with Fawkes in his plans including Robert Catesby. Catesby made a fatal error and invited other Catholics to join the plot until there were 60 plotters in all, you try keeping a secret when 60 people know about it.

Thomas Percy rented a cellar beneath the Palace of Westminster and 36 barrels of gunpowder were placed in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament. But Francis Tresham betrayed the conspiracy in a letter to his brother-in-law Lord Monteagle, warning him not to attend parliament. Monteagle told the government and Fawkes was caught red handed in the cellars under Parliament, with a box of matches in his pocket and a guilty expression on his face! His fellow conspirators fled but many were killed or arrested and 9 members of the 60+ plotters, including Fawkes, were hung, drawn and quartered in January 1606.

Comedians down the ages have said that he was "The only man ever to have entered Parliament with honest intentions."

In London, bonfires were lit to celebrate the discovery of the plot soon after Fawkes was discovered and In 1606 Parliament agreed to make 5th November a day of public thanksgiving and ever since then the day has been celebrated with fireworks and bonfires. However, it is not a public holiday.

November 5 and any other day appointed for church bells to be rung is also called Ringing Day. On this day bells are rung by order of Parliament to mark the deliverance of the King and his government at the exposure of the Gunpowder Plot. It is customary to give the ringers money and drinks.

Children used to make stuffed figures with masks as effigies of Guy Fawkes. They would call these figures guys and display them in the streets, using the traditional formula of "A penny for the guy" when asking passersby for money (which was spent on fireworks or wood for the bonfire). The guys then became the centre-piece of bonfires on the night of November 5 when fireworks light up the sky over most of Britain. But this practice has died out in recent years. The fear of strangers, the fact that children are not allowed to buy fireworks and the negative association with begging, have all but put and end to it.

Many people still hold bonfire parties and BBQs (even though it is usually really cold) and invite their friends to gather around the fire with them. However, because of the rising number of accidents that occur every year many communities hold professionally organised public displays. Some of the venues for these public bonfires are in parks, fields, and on hills.

Some of the traditional food eaten at this time of year includes:-

Sausages (called bangers), a good hearty soup, baked potatoes, bonfire toffee, toffee apples and parkin - a sweet, sticky cake.

New laws were introduced to control the use of fireworks in 2004 with an £80 on-the-spot fine for anyone caught breaking them. They include:-

* It is an offence for any person under the age of 18 to possess adult fireworks in a public place (all fireworks except sparklers and party poppers).
* It is an offence to possess category 4 fireworks (professional display fireworks) unless you are a licenced pyrotechnics professional.
* It is an offence to supply fireworks to anyone under the age of 18.
* It is an offence to use fireworks between 11 pm and 7 am apart from:
- November 5th – until 12 midnight;
- New Years Eve – until 1 am;
- Chinese New Year – until 1 am;
- Diwali night – until 1 am.
* It is an offence for any person to throw, cast or fire any firework into any highway, street, thoroughfare or public place.

One of the largest organised events in the UK is the Bridgwater Carnival in Bridgwater, Somerset dating back to the 1605 gunpowder plot. The procession is held each year on the Thursday nearest to November 5. It is an illuminated procession that takes about two hours to pass with over 130 entries made by various local carnival clubs. After the carnival, an annual squibbing display is held along the Bridgwater High Street when over 100 squibs (small fireworks) are set off simultaneously.

Another famous event is held in Lewes (see above), but even though it's the town's most famous event people from outside the area are actively discouraged from attending because it is so dangerous. To mark the demise of 17 protestant martyrs, who were burnt at the stake in front of the Star Inn, now the Town Hall; 17 burning crosses are carried through the town, and a wreath-laying ceremony occurs at the War Memorial in the centre of town. Ladies' and men's races which involve pulling flaming tar barrels "the barrel run", take place along Cliffe High Street at the start of the evening. A flaming tar barrel is also thrown into the river Ouse; which is said to symbolise the throwing of the magistrates into the river after they read the Riot Act to the bonfire boys in 1847. The festivities culminate in five separate bonfire displays, where the effigies are destroyed by firework and flame. Up to 80,000 people have been known to attend this local spectacle, coming from all over the South and sometimes further afield.

---

孝南区13377839534： 求一篇关于英国的跨文化交流/文化差异的英语作文!大学水平 - ？
太威一扫： Since the world has various culture, the distinction between different culture is obivious, too. Such cross- cultural communication sometimes can be difficult. They are originated from misunderstanding, discrimination, or merely unfamiliar with other ...

孝南区13377839534： 谁能帮我找一下关于英国文化风俗或美食的资料急用!!!!!!要英语 ？
太威一扫： The British people are specially the Englishes, has hides their sentiment and in the ... but cannot apply to one has on 56,000,000 population national bodies. The blue ...

孝南区13377839534： 求一篇关于英国文学的英语论文？
太威一扫： ＂A Dream of Red Mansions＂ Du Hougan 2005-2-27 字数:1516 Author: Heart of the Ark Source: unknown entry: Anonymous date: 2005-2-27 Volume: 1516 Throughout human history of the evolution of intelligence Love, can be roughly divided ...

孝南区13377839534： 关于英国的习俗,饮食文化的资料 英文加中文 - ？
太威一扫： The day before New Year, every household must be a bottle wine cabinet in meat. British believed that without the rest of the wine and meat, in the coming year will be poor. In addition, the United Kingdom is also popular New Year ＂to play well ...

孝南区13377839534： 我要一篇介绍英国的英语短文 - ？
太威一扫： 请你相信,这真是我自己翻的,翻得不好,还请见谅. The full name of United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,which consists of England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland. There are the head of state,the ...

孝南区13377839534： 求关于美国(英国)文化的英语讲稿.谢谢了,大神帮忙啊 - ？
太威一扫： American culture The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: ...

孝南区13377839534： 求一篇关于英国的英语作文？
太威一扫： When I mention England to you, what comes up in your mind first? The foggy weather, the elegant gentlemen, or the most celebrated Big Ben? England has its special culture that was inheritated from the old Great Britain. The most attractive thing ...

孝南区13377839534： 求一篇英语论文,2000字,关于西方文化或是旅游的,也可以是很具体的一个地方,巴黎伦敦什么的都行. - ？
太威一扫： How to understand the Western food culture! In the United States on September 11, the memory of this day is the most horrible day in this year's Nanjing operation today as a Western cultural industries were the most sad day. Express has a ...