含有实意动词的句子
实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb)。1.及物动词要求有宾语①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题。③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。2.不及物动词不要求有宾语① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门。②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里。③Let's go home.我们回家吧。④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束。3.特殊实义动词英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如close, begin, study, leave, work等。①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门。②Close the window,please.请关窗。③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手。⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的。⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语。⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。3。实义动词,也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲,实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时,一定不能用be动词。那么,实义动词究竟怎样用呢?正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样,实义动词在肯定句中,也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she,it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数;当主语为非第三人称单数I,you(你),we,you(你们) they时,实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does。⑴肯定句:① I have a blue book.② He has a brother.③ She wants to be a teacher.④ They like to play basketball.⑵否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形。① I have a blue book.(变为否定句)→I don’t have a blue book.② He has a brother. (变为否定句)→He doesn’t have brother.③ She wants to be a teacher. (变为否定句)→She doesn’t want to be a teacher.④ They like to play basketball. (变为否定句)→They don’t like to play basketball.⑶一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book?② He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother?③ My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper?④ She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher?⑤ They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball?⑷特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting.(对加粗部分提问)→Why does your sister like English best?② He does his homework before supper. (对加粗部分提问)→When does he do his homework?注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,必须把and变为or.如:⑴He can swim and dance. (变为否定句)→He can’t swim or dance.⑵My father likes English and math. (变为否定句) →My father doesn’t like English or math.⑸ but和except后。but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to。例如:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。比较:He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。
含有be动词的句子,在一般现在时和一般过去时里,在be的后面加not构成否定句,把be提前构成一般疑问句。 比如He is a student. We were students. 但在其它时态中不能移动be。比如He will be here in an hour. We have been to Britain.
关于实义动词。构成否定名时,在一般现在时里,在实义动词前加do not,(一般情况) 或者does not(主语为第三人称单数,之后动词改为原形);在一般过去时,在动词过去式前加did not,动词改为原形。
构成一般疑问句。一般现在时在句首加Do 或Does. 一般过去时,在句首加Did. 动词全部用原形。
实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语.实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词)
即行为动词,表示动作的动词.它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种
及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议.
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样.
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质.
2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如:
Birds fly.鸟会飞.
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月.
My watch stopped.我的表停了.
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言.
3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务.
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
实义动词的用法
实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb).
1.及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日.
②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题.
③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下.
④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色.
2.不及物动词不要求宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门.
②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里.
③Let's go home.我们回家吧.
④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束.
3.特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如
close, begin, study, leave, work等.
①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门.
②Close the window, please.请关窗.
③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?
④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手.
⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的.
⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?
⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力.
⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语.
⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作.
⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器.
3.实义动词,也叫行为动词.就我们现在所学的内容来讲,实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词.也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时,一定不能用be动词.那么,实义动词究竟怎样用呢?正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样,实义动词在肯定句中,也要随着主语的变化而变化.当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三称单数;当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时,实义动词要用动词的原形.而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does.
(1)肯定句:
① I have a blue book.
② He has a brother.
③ She wants to be a teacher.
④ They like to play basketball.
(2)否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形.其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形.
① I have a blue book.(变为否定句)→I don’t have a blue book.
② He has a brother. (变为否定句)→He doesn’t have
③ She wants to be a teacher. (变为否定句)→She doesn’t want to be a teacher.
④ They like to play basketball. (变为否定句)→They don’t like to play basketball.
(3)一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形.
① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book?
② He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother?
③ My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)
→Does your brother do his homework before supper?
④ She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher?
⑤ They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball?
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (对划线部分提问)
→Why does your sister like English best?
② He does his homework before supper. (对划线部分提问)
→When does he do his homework?
注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,必须把and变为or.如:
(1)He can swim and dance. (变为否定句)→He can’t swim or dance.
(2)My father likes English and math. (变为否定句)
→My father doesn’t like English or math.
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