高二英语必修二的重点语法及题目

高二英语重点语法有哪些？~

高二英语语法重点之一：定语从句

1. 定语从句的基本概念
定语从句在复合句中起定语作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词在先行词与定语从句之间起纽带作用。关系词代表着先行词并在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。如：
He is the man who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
分析：the man就是先行词；修饰the man的who lives next door就是定语从句；who是关系词，它代表先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
2. 关系词代词和关系副词的用法
依照关系词在从句中的用法差异，可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等，关系副词有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下：
(1)关系代词的用法：先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时，关系代词常被省略。如：
A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller。开店售书的人叫做书商。
He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是唯一可能使他听从劝告的人。
he was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
(2)关系副词的用法：关系副词有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、在点和原因。When通常放在time, day, season, age, occasion等时间的名词后；where通常放在place, city, town, village, house, case, point, situation等地点名词后；why通常只放在reason后。如：
Have you set the day when you will move? 你搬迁的日子定了吗?
The book is on the table where you left it. 书在桌子上，你放在那里的。
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
3. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的比较
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用，若去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，它是不可缺少的一部分，它与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号将其分开。而非限制性定语从句只是对先行词起补充说明作用，它可有可无，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开。因此，有无逗号是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。在限制性定语从句中that可以代替who, whom和which等；但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如：
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他以前未见过她，这不是事实。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
注意：关系副词when, where可引导非限制性定语从句，但关系副词why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。如：
4. 习惯上要用that引导的定语从句
指事物时，在下列情况下，人们通常用that，而不用which。
(1)当先行词为不定代词时：当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时，通常用that。如：
All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。
There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。
(2)当涉及序数词或最高级时：当先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时，通常用that。如：
This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
(3)当涉及the very, the only, the same时：当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。如：
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
(3)当先行词包括人和物时：此时通常用that。如：
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
5. 通常要用that引导的定语从句
在下列情况下，通常不用that引导定语从句：
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时：此时不能用that，而要根据情况选用who, whom或which等。如：
Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited. 我昨天碰到了玛丽，她显得很兴奋。
(2)直接在介词后用作宾语时：此时不用that，而要用whom或which。如：
This is the person to whom your father spoke just now. 这是刚才你父亲和他说话的那个人。
(3)当定语从句被分隔时：当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时，不宜用that，而用who, whom或which。如：
I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
6. 关系代词who与whom的区别
两者均只用于人，从理论上说，who 为主格，whom为宾格，但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词 whom 往往省略不用，或用who或that代之。如：
The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。
不过，值得注意的是，直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用 whom，而且不能省略。如：
She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过。
另外，引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who 和 whom均可用，但以用 whom 为佳，此时也不能省略。如：
This is Jack, who [whom] you haven’t met before. 这是杰克，你以前没见过。
7. 关系代词as和which的区别
(1)互换的情况：两者有时可互换。如：
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。
(2)只有as的情况：以下两种情况，习惯只用as，不用which。
①在such, as, the same后引导定语从句时只能用ash。如：
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It’s the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。
This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。
② 当从句位于主句前面时，只用 as。如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。
(3)值得注意的情况：以下三种情况值得注意。
①as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，但which无此限制。比较：
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
②as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which 则无此限制。如：
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
③当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而 which则无此限制：
She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。
She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了，这使我们很高兴。(不用as)
8. 先行词是时间或地点的定语从句
先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，代表先行词的关系词若在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词when或where引导，when和which相当于“介词＋which”；若在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词which或that来引导。
确定用关系代词还是用关系副词的简便方法是：看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，若缺，用关系代词；若不缺，用关系副词。如：
That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？
9. 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，若关系代词紧靠在介词后，先行词是人时，用whom，先行词是物时，用which，不用who或that，关系代词whom和which不能省略。至于用什么介词，一般可由定语从句的谓语与先行词之间需要加是什么介词来搭配才讲得通来确定。如：
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize. 我把他名字称呼错了，为此我表示歉意。
10. 关系代词作定语的定语从句
关系代词在从句中作定语表示所属关系，先行词是人，表示“先行词这个人的…”，用whose；先行词是事物，表示“先行词这个事物的…”，用whose…或the…of which或of which…都可以。如：
In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still. suffers. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。
The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。
另外，还要注意以下这类定语从句，which也是用作定语：
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。
He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。
11. of whom / which引导的定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。如：
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。
I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。
I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。
12. the way后面的定语从句
the way后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式 / 方法(=in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用that，在较正式的文体里才用in which来引导。如：
Do it the way you were taught. 要照教你的那样做。
I was impressed by the way in which she did it. 她干成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
注意：way后不能用how引导定语从句，但也可以不用way，而直接用how引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。如：
That’s the way he did it.= That’s how he did it. 他就是这样做的。
另外，当先行词way表示方向时，不用任何关系词。如：
Was that the way she went? 她是往那个方向走的吗？
13. 分隔定语从句
定语从句一般紧靠在先行词之后，但有时它与先行词之间被一个定语、状语或谓语分隔开来，这种定语从句就叫分隔定语从句。如：
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you English. 教你们英语的新老师明天来。（先行词与定语从句被will come tomorrow分开了）

高一英语必修一语法要点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他好好努力吧！

一．The Present Perfect Passive Voice(现在完成时的被动语态)
例子：主动：I have finished my homework. 被动：My homework has been finished.
1. Mary has locked the door. ___________________________________________________
2. She has told me about the story.__________ _________________________________
3. I have read this book many times.________________________________________________
4. We have completed all the preparations for the task, and we’re ready to start.
___________________________________________________
5. This company has produced new types of computers.
___________________________________________________
6. They have interviewed several teachers for the job.
________________________________________________ ___
7. George has sent some texts and pictures to his friend’s cell phone.
___________________________________________________
8. They have developed some programs for the human resource department of their company
___________________________________________________
9. Someone has put the book under the bench for more than two days.
___________________________________________________
10. The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.
___________________________________________________
二．单选
1. Do you know the thief ______ by the police?
A. has caught B. has been catching C. wi ll catch D. has been caught
2.－How many times______ not to play with fire?
－I’m sorry. I’ll never do that agai n.
A. do you tell B. had you told C. are you told D. have you been told
3. --What’s happening in the new area?
--New houses_______ recently over there.
A. are built B. built C. have built D. have been built
4. There is a police car in front of our neighbor’s house. What do you suppose _______?
A. did happen B. has happened C. is happen D. has been happened
5. All the preparations for the project _______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. had been completed C. complete D. have been completed
6. Great changes ________ in the city , and a lot of factories ________.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
7. --How long _____ at this job? -- Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
9. This is a photo of the power stat ion that __________ in my hometown .
A. has set up B. has been set up C. will set up D. is set up
10. --Did you move into the new house?
-- No. The rooms ___________ yet.
A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted
三．句子翻译(用被动语态)
1. 我们已经被告知运动将会被推迟。______________________________________________
2. 问题还没有被解决。__________________________________________________________
3. 我朋友刚刚买了一台新个人电脑。______________________________________________
4. 商店很快就修好了我的电脑___________________________________________________
5. 一种不知名的病毒袭击了我的电脑。____________________________________________
四．改错
1. A personal computer has bought by us.
_________________________________________________ ___________
2. Many p roblems has been found wi th o ur new computer.
____________________________________________________________
5. The computer was used every day since we bought it.
____________________________________________________________
4. It’s said that this book has translated into Chinese.
____________________________________________________________
5. The new theater has been designing recently.
_________________ ___________________________________________

答案
一.将以下句子的主动形式改为被动形式
1. The door has been locked.
2. I have been told about the story.
3. This book has been read many times .
4. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we’re ready to start.
5. New types of computers has been produced.
6. Several teachers have been interviewed for the job.
7. Some texts and pictures have been sent to George’s friend’s cell phone.
8. Some programs for the human resource department of their company have been developed.
9. The book has been put under the bench for more than two days.
10. The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.
二．单选
1-5 DDDBD 6-10. BBDBD
三．句子翻译(用被动语态)
1. We have been told that the sports meet will be put off.
2. The problem has not been solved yet.
3. A new personal computer has been bought by my friend.
4. My computer has been repaired very quickly
5. My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus.
四．改错
1. A personal computer has been bought by us.
2. Many problems have been found with our new computer.
5. The computer has been used every day since we bought it.
4. It’s said that this book has been translated into Chinese.
5. The new theater has been designed recently.

英语课本有很多个版本，你要哪一版应说明

定语从句、被动语态
题目网上有的是

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