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Intermediate business of commercial banks and the development of intermediate business of commercial banks in China with a comprehensive international comparison

The middle of a commercial banking business development activities because of
1.1 an inevitable choice for commercial banks
Intermediate business of commercial banks and the rapid development of the emergence of the underlying reasons are not only driven, but also the result of external factors. First of all, the international community to enter the countries have relaxed controls, the liberalization of banking and international trends, including greatly to the middle of the business, including the pace of financial innovation; Second, market competition has also promoted the development of intermediary business, traditional business of commercial banks not only faced competition in the same industry, and along with the development of capital market countries, greatly increased the proportion of direct financing, the traditional commercial banks assets, liabilities, business increasingly showing a "sunset industry" the decline, therefore, commercial banks were forced to carry out new business innovation to create a new source of profits; again, the middle of business innovation is the result of market demand, due to frequent fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates, enterprises and commercial banks in which the uncertainty of economic environment, increasing the risk of which the effective management tools, in particular, a number of financial derivatives had a demand for the development of the banking intermediary business that is risk management in order to satisfy customers, as well as other diversified financial services; Finally, the banks have their own advantages, as well as 20 practical information technology since the 80's the development and extensive use of commercial banks for the development of intermediary business possible. February 1987 at Northwestern University in the United States held a deposit-taking institutions on asset securitization and the risk of development of intermediary business seminar, a scholar on the development of commercial banks in the middle of a large number of business reasons for concluding, that is, commercial banks the development of intermediary business and technology, control, interest rate risk, customer competition, factors such as capital adequacy ratio are closely related.
1.2 The significance of the development of intermediary business
(A) can be extended into a commercial bank intermediary function, to expand their business scale.
(B) commercial banks can spread business risks, and enhance the bank's ability to resist risks.
(C) can play a variety of business, "bundling" effect to enhance the competitiveness of the banks. Intermediate business of commercial banks between other business interaction and mutual influence, and the development of intermediary business for the banks not only bring direct profits, but also with other business, the second interaction of the market to enhance the competitiveness of banks.
Second, commercial banks in the development of intermediary business
2.1 The broader business scope, a wide variety.
Western countries of the middle-run commercial banks and a wide variety of products to meet the diverse needs of customers, the commercial banks for the new business innovation. The scope of business covered by the middle of the traditional banking, trust services, investment banking, mutual funds and insurance business. They can engage in money market operations, but also can engage in discounting commercial paper and capital markets business.
Gradually expand the business scale of 2.2, rising income levels.
From 1993 to 1996 among the U.S. banking business grew from 912 billion U.S. dollars to 12.188 trillion U.S. dollars, accounting for bank assets from 78% to 142.9%, of which the seven largest banks in the middle of the business lending per cent more than doubled and more. Living in the forefront of the U.S. banking industry, Citigroup, the Americas, such as the middle of the five major banking groups involved in the operational activities of the total assets of more than 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars has the same period, assets and liabilities that banks under the total assets of 780 billion U.S. dollars for the capital sum for the 45 billion U.S. dollars; intermediary business 3 years the average growth rate to 54.2%, much higher than the 9 percent average annual total assets and total capital at an average annual growth rate of 21.6 percent. ①
2.3 Middle-income structure of the business change.
Western commercial banks from 1980 to 1990 of 10 years, the total income of non-spread revenue rapid upward trend in both. The middle of foreign banks operating income generally accounts for 40% of total revenue -50%. Acceptance in the United States, Citibank, credit investigation, credit rating companies, assets evaluation business, personal financial advisor business, long-term foreign exchange trading, foreign exchange futures, foreign exchange options, and other intermediary business represented 80 percent brought their profits deposit and lending business profits accounted for only 20% of the total profits. ②
2.4 Service means of advanced and high technology.
Improvement in the level of science and technology for the development of intermediate business of commercial banks to provide a strong foundation for technical support and innovation, especially in recent years can be at any time and any place in any way to provide customers with personalized service network of banks, the emergence of Internet banking promoted the development of intermediary business. With the international advanced banking payment system on its strong business in the middle was a huge amount of service fee revenue.

Third, commercial banks Analysis of intermediate products
3.1 Clearing-type intermediate products
Clearing products are usually divided into promissory notes, bills of exchange, the three types of checks. Settlement of funds between the time of the settlement act, for the customers, the main demand is to use the banking clearing system, security and timely transfer of funds. Settlement is therefore a means of clearing operations to ensure the successful completion of an important link. On the characteristics of the clearing business, its risk may come from three aspects: customer risk factors, risk factors of post and telecommunications sector and banking risk factors. For the banks, the first two banks of external risks, which is the bank's internal risk. ③
3.2 security type of intermediate products
With the development of international trade, the Western commercial banks faster development of the security business, including standby letters of credit, guarantee the payment, performance bond, bid security, supervision, such as payment by the common varieties. Chinese and foreign commercial banks, the security business is production of the intermediate business with commercial banks to carry out security operations is the use of banks to provide credit support, that one has to bear because of the risks associated with credit support.
Intermediate goods 3.3 Management
Mainly divided into the banking business, safe operations, Personal Financial Services. Since the last century is the era, as the world's financial system, industry structure, organizational structure, operational modalities and competition is undergoing a profound transformation. The changes in the traditional banking, securities, insurance, trust business increasingly blurred boundaries between the business, while seeking to promote and strengthen the commercial banking and financial activities of globalization and virtual organizations, the banks of the insurance industry to flourish here development. With the development of the world economy, personal financial services showing a huge space for development. And personal financial services customers of commercial banks is the core personal financial services in the commercial banks to the "financial services supermarket" the process of development, personal financial services of commercial banks at home and abroad has become the focal point of retail business one.
3.4 Advisory type of intermediate products
Intermediary business consulting category refers to the transfer, sale information and provide intelligence services to the main contents of the intermediary business. Commercial banks on their own information, talent, credibility and other areas, the collection and presentation of information and information of these customers, as well as banks and financial analysis of campaign records to form a system of information and programs made available to customers, one to meet their management or business development needs. Include: credit, corporate credit rating, assets evaluation business and financial information; business and personal financial advisor business; business consultant business investment and financing, including financing and the international syndicated loan arrangement.
3.5 bank cards, online banking intermediate products
Bank credit card is the issue of commercial banks to the community with consumer credit, debit settlement, access to cash in whole or in part, such as a credit payment function. Its fast development, many countries have become an important business, many banks and the major source of profit for variety. Internet banking is a banking service to provide customers with new tools, which the existing banking business, based on the use of Internet technology to provide customers with comprehensive, consent, security, real-time financial services. Internet banking is not only a banking innovation is the organizational structure of a bank穿心At the same time, the emergence of Internet banking so that the expansion of commercial banks to find new channels for the middle of the business.
Fourth, the middle of the latest developments in the direction of business
Securitization of credit assets 4.1
Securitization of credit assets refers to a group of poor liquidity through a portfolio of assets, so that this group of assets to generate stable and predictable cash flow proceeds through the intermediary of certain credit enhancement, the proceeds of these assets the right to change as flows in the financial markets, higher credit rating of bond-type securities. In essence, will be financing the securitization of future cash proceeds of the assets and the corresponding right to transfer the risk to investors, and the transfer of ownership of the assets may not be entirely. ④
4.2 fund business
A long time, China's commercial banks to develop intermediary business not as a main industry and the new profit growth point to run, but also our country's strict separation of management and other factors, so that the development of the banking sector has been greater restrictions. A direct consequence of these restrictions is that domestic commercial banks and weak financial innovation. Have been carried out in the middle of the retail business of the development of varieties, not to profit maximization as the goal, but as absorbing as a means of customer deposits, which resulted in business receipts in the middle of the contribution rate for banks with low profit situation. Commercial banks in China's current total income, the proportion of all interest income more than 90%. This revenue structure is to enable the assets of China's commercial banks profitability in the last century since the 90's has been in a continuous downward trend in one of the main reasons. Studies have shown that commercial banks in the U.S. the average asset profit rate of China's four state-owned commercial banks average of 12.86 times. This shows that the middle of my business cards, many types of projects though, but their purpose and profit with the situation in Western developed countries, significant differences between the modern commercial banking business and a lot of content has yet to enter our field of vision. ⑥
8, China's commercial banks lag in the middle of the reasons for business development
8.1 on the traditional state-owned commercial businesses, as well as the long-term monopoly control of the central bank's interest rates led directly to commercial banks to create a modern inadequate.
From abroad, the development of banking business, the increasingly intensified competition in the market forces and customers is to continuously strengthen the bank to speed up the expansion of the main reasons for non-margin business. China's banking industry from the historical path of development, the historical factors strangle a certain extent, the domestic commercial banks to expand their business and the autonomy of consciousness. "Unification" of thinking, as well as the banking system more rigid domestic commercial banks used to make the government's command, the lack of response to the economic situation to customers and the market as guide, based on the formulation and implementation of their own advantages for their own development strategies of motivation and ability.
8.2 the development of intermediate business of commercial banks led to a substantial risk of financial regulation will make the existing system is facing tremendous pressure.
The financial sector at the policy orientation of business limits the room for the development of intermediary business. Most of the middle of the business belonging to banks and non-bank financial institutions operating in the field of cross-cutting, so inrong the state's macroeconomic management policies of banks, non-bank financial institutions, the limited scope of business directly determines the intermediate business of commercial banks to open up space. I started in 1993 from a banking, securities, insurance, trust the strict separation of management, the banks can not create a cross-sectoral, comprehensive, multi-faceted business intermediate products, it is difficult to raise the level of business and level of intensive
8.3 Bank charges among the business and the lack of standardization.
In the absence of corresponding fees and charges based mechanism, the intermediary business difficult and hard to charge fees, particularly the phenomenon of table. Charges not specifically reflected in the financial institutions among the business no express provision charges. Difficult to charge in fees and charges due to lack of enforcement mechanism, financial institutions are afraid of arbitrary collection of charges the suspect.
8.4 China's banking industry has developed the "marketing model" and the "marketing habit" has severely constrained the development of intermediary business.
From foreign banks to expand business model point of view, primarily by the consumer to facilitate this, fast, safe and customer service benefits, are a typical "product marketing." As for the domestic banking industry, the product quality and price are often relegated to a secondary position, "relationship marketing" has become the domestic banking industry to explore the middle of the main mode of business. At present, commercial banks remain the main customer base to large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises and property rights Fuzzy principal - agent problem makes enterprise managers pay more attention to the pursuit of personal interests, at this time the relationship between banks and their customers has become a successful product whether or not the key. ⑦




Main References:
① Bank for International Settlements: "International Financial Market Development Report", published in 1999
② Ho five-star: "Financial Innovation in Development", Southwest University of Finance and Economics Press, 2000
③ Yang Ming-sheng: "Commercial Bank's Intermediary Business Products practical manual." Beijing, China Financial Publishing House, 2002
④ Peter • Rose book, Liu Garden translation: "Commercial Bank Management", Beijing, Mechanical Industry Press, 2001
⑤ after lam-chun: "commercial banks intermediate innovative business risk prevention and control", containing "China's financial fortnightly" 2003
Zhang Guohai ⑥: "Commercial Bank's Intermediary Business Development Strategy in the International Comparison", in "Financial Research", 2003
⑦姚德良: "I have been the middle of the commercial business development implied by the low level of research", in "Finance and Trade Economy", 2004

2015年11月农村商业银行的贷款利率:
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三至五年(含5年)贷款 4.75
五年以上贷款 4.90

商业银行经营模拟实训报告 一、 引言 经过 2 天的商业银行经营模拟实训课的学习后, 我们模拟工作了 6 年 的银行内部操作。我们是 7 家商业银行中的一家《天府银行》 ,我们 的团队由 4 人组成,分别有综合柜员,信贷员,会计主管,和银行行 长。我们以银行最主要的 2 个业务为主要经营对象,即吸收存款和发 放信贷。 二、 实战经营过程 描述 6 个季度的实战经营过程以及影响最后经营结果的重大转 折点。 、第一年: (一) 第一年:信贷部门: 信贷部门 在所有商行都只拥有初始资本金人民币 1 亿元,和所有企业均有 初始现金流人民币 10 亿元的初始状况下。作为银行的信贷员,我的 职责是;授信客户的营销,授信额度的申请,客户调查与授信分析, 担保的调查与分析,授信额度的使用即贷款等业务的操作,包括合同 的谈判与签订,抵押的办理,担保的核实,贷款资金的使用监控,客 西南财经大学天府学院 商业银行经营模拟实训报告 户经营情况的持续跟踪,问题贷款的处理。 1、在第一年的初期,我们的主要任务是吸收存款,争强银行的现 金流实力。只有在吸收更多的存款的前提下,我们才能在以后的业务 发展中发放较高的相应额度的贷款量。于是作为信贷员的我,对于每 家企业都外出和企业负责人进行相互的沟通,建立友好合作的关系。 最后在和人际关系的交往下,我成功的为我们《天府银行》吸收了 7 亿的货期存款量。 2、在第一年的末期,我们的主要任务是发放贷款,从而通过存贷 利差,维持银行正常经营和获取利润。在我行刚建规模而没有其他中 间业务的情况下, 只有将银行吸收回的存款发放出去, 获取贷款利息, 这样银行才能正常运行,才有利润可言。在通过吸收存款的业务发展 中,我们团队认为,在看不出每家企业未来的前途的情况下,我们采 用了全面合作战略---和每家企业合作,小额贷款给每家企业。最后我 行成功发放了 6 亿贷款量。这样我们就与每家企业建立了友好关系, 为此是希望来年企业在盈利的情况下 ,继续和我行合作。 通过第一年大家共同的努力,我行获得了小部分的盈利, 通过第一年大家共同的努力,我行获得了小部分的盈利,上交了 10% 法定存款准备金。然而因为经验不足,没能控制好贷款量, 10%的法定存款准备金。然而因为经验不足,没能控制好贷款量,导 存款准备金 致我行的存贷比高达 85.7%。 85.7%。 从银行盈利的角度讲, 存贷比越高越好, 因为存款是要付息的, 即所谓的资金成本, 如果一家银行的存款很多, 贷款很少,就意味着它成本高,而收入少,银行的盈利能力就较差。 从银行抵抗风险的角度讲,存贷比例不宜过高,因为银行还要应付广 大客户日常现金支取和日常结算, 在就需要银行留有一定的库存现金 西南财经大学天府学院 商业银行经营模拟实训报告 存款准备金(就是银行在央行或商业银行的存款) ,如果存贷比过高, 这部分资金就会不足,会导致银行的支付危机,如果支付危机扩散, 有可能导致金融危机,对地区或国家经济的危害极大。如银行因支付 危机而倒闭,也会损害存款人的利益。所以银行存贷比例不是越高越 好,应该有个度。而目前我行就超过了央行规定的存贷比 65%。 、 (二) 第二年 信贷部门 通过一年的经营, 各家企业的经营情况都有了一定的变化。 有的 通过一年的经营, 各家企业的经营情况都有了一定的变化。 银行经营状况非常好,有的却出现了严重的亏损。 银行经营状况非常好,有的却出现了严重的亏损。 1、 第二年年初,同第一年一样,寻求企业合作伙伴。在经过无数 次的交谈后,最后吸收了 8 亿元人民币的存款。同时与企业保持 合作伙伴关系,同时对于部分企业,我行选择了放弃合作伙伴的 关系。如果该企业自愿来我行存款,我行非常高兴,但是不在是 主动出击寻求存款。 第二年年末期, 我们还是开展发放贷款业务 在面对我们合作 开展发放贷款业务。 2、 第二年年末期, 我们还是开展发放贷款业务。 伙伴“MUSE”企业出现了严重亏损的情况下,我们看好“MUSE” 伙伴“MUSE”企业出现了严重亏损的情况下,我们看好“MUSE” 企业的前景,虽无存款,但继续贷款给企业的方针。 企业的前景,虽无存款,但继续贷款给企业的方针。最后我行总 方针 亿元人民币。 计贷款量 5 亿元人民币。 通过这一年大家共同的努力,我行却出现小额亏损。 通过这一年大家共同的努力,我行却出现小额亏损。我行上交了 9%的法定存款准备金。在吸取第一年的存贷比的教训后, 9%的法定存款准备金。在吸取第一年的存贷比的教训后,我行加强 的法定存款准备金 了控制存贷比, 64.7%的比例 的比例, 65%。 了控制存贷比,最后结算为 64.7%的比例,低于了央行规定的 65%。 西南财经大学天府学院 商业银行经营模拟实训报告 、第三年 (三) 第三年 、 信贷部门 在第二年的经营过程中,各家企业都发生了翻天覆地的变化, 在第二年的经营过程中,各家企业都发生了翻天覆地的变化,有 家企业出现了严重的亏损,其余几家企业都是正常运营。 2 家企业出现了严重的亏损,其余几家企业都是正常运营。 1、在第三年年初,面对各家企业都获得前一年的收益后,我行改 在第三年年初,面对各家企业都获得前一年的收益后, 变战略目标—择高选择, 现金流较高企业发出合作请求 企业发出合作请求。 变战略目标—择高选择,只针对 3 家现金流较高企业发出合作请求。 最后在团队的共同努力下,我行吸收了人民币 亿元存款量。 最后在团队的共同努力下,我行吸收了人民币 8 亿元存款量。 2、第三年年末期,我们开始发放贷款。在面对我们合作伙伴 第三年年末期,我们开始发放贷款。 企业扭亏为盈的情况下, 我行最后发放了人民币 5 亿元贷款 “MUSE” MUSE” 企业扭亏为盈的情况下, 量。 通过这一年大家共同的努力, 我行获得了小部分的盈利, 上交了 通过这一年大家共同的努力, 我行获得了小部分的盈利, 11%的法定存款准备金。 年的经验和教训中, 11%的法定存款准备金。在吸取前 2 年的经验和教训中,我行最后控 的法定存款准备金 76.9%的存贷比 虽然高于央行的存贷比要求, 的存贷比, 制在了 76.9%的存贷比,虽然高于央行的存贷比要求,但是我行还是 在不断努力,争取为我行创造高利润。 在不断努力,争取为我行创造高利润。 、第四年 (四) 第四年 、 信贷部门 在通过前几年的经营过程中,我行有努力开创发展中间业务, 在通过前几年的经营过程中,我行有努力开创发展中间业务,但 最后还是以失败结束。因此,我行坚持主要的存贷业务,继续为提高 最后还是以失败结束。因此,我行坚持主要的存贷业务, 我行利润而努力。 行利润而努力。 1、 在第四年,我们加大吸收银行存款。最后吸收存款量: 在第四年,我们加大吸收银行存款。最后吸收存款量:人民 亿元整。 币 10 亿元整。 2、 同时,我行对各家企业进行了评估, 同时,我行对各家企业进行了评估,根据各家企业目前的 西南财经大学天府学院 商业银行经营模拟实训报告 现金流状况,分析得出“朝天门”企业和“MUSE” 现金流状况,分析得出“朝天门”企业和“MUSE”企业是 状况 我行的首要目标客户。最后我行发放了人民币 亿元贷款。 我行的首要目标客户。最后我行发放了人民币 7 亿元贷款。 通过这一年大家共同的努力, 我行获得了小部分的盈利, 上交了 通过这一年大家共同的努力, 我行获得了小部分的盈利, 11%的法定存款准备金。 年的经验和教训中, 11%的法定存款准备金。在吸取前 3 年的经验和教训中,我行最后控 的法定存款准备金 制在了 76%的存贷比,虽然高于央行的存贷比要求,但是我行还是在 76%的存贷比,虽然高于央行的存贷比要求, 的存贷比 不断努力,争取控制存贷比例,为我行创造高利润。 不断努力,争取控制存贷比例,为我行创造高利润。 、第五年 (五) 第五年 、 信贷部门: 信贷部门: 各家企业通过前四年的经营,现金流状况呈现了明显差距。 各家企业通过前四年的经营,现金流状况呈现了明显差距。几家 四年的经营 企业现金流为负,而少数的企业现金流运营良好。 企业现金流为负,而少数的企业现金流运营良好。 1、 在吸收存款业务中,我行只针对“MUSE”企业, 在吸收存款业务中,我行只针对“MUSE”企业,因此最后 亿元人民币存款. 吸收了 35 亿元人民币存款. 2、 在发放贷款业务中,我行只针对"MUSE”企业, 在发放贷款业务中,我行只针对"MUSE”企业,最后发放贷 亿元人民币。 款量 22 亿元人民币。 通过大家的努力, 62.8%, 通过大家的努力,我行控制了存贷比在 62.8%,符合了央行 65% 的要求。并获得了几千万的利润。 的要求。并获得了几千万的利润。 、第六年 (六) 第六年 、 信贷部们: 信贷部们: 1、 在最后一年的努力中, 我们加大吸收存款, 在最后一年的努力中 , 我们加大吸收存款 , 最后吸收到 亿元人民币。 57..58 亿元人民币。 2、 同时我们也更加努力与企业合作, 同时我们也更加努力与企业合作,最后发放了 36.5 亿元人 民币。 民币。 西南财经大学天府学院 商业银行经营模拟实训报告 最后年末结束了我行经营 年的成绩。 63。 最后年末结束了我行经营 6 年的成绩。 保持了存款量在 63。 48%。并获得了利润, 年成绩, 48%。并获得了利润,最后统计 6 年成绩,我行获取了 2 亿 多元人民币。 多元人民币。 三、 心得体会: 敬业爱岗, 努力提高业务能力 敬业爱岗与业 提高业务能力。 作为一名信贷员首先要敬业爱岗, 敬业爱岗 努力提高业务能力。 务能力是相辅相成的, 敬业爱岗这是一个工作态度问题。 务能力是相辅相成的, 敬业爱岗这是一个工作态度问题。 这是一个工作态度问题 同时做到信 同时做到信 贷工作要一步一个脚印, 贷工作要一步一个脚印, 一年一个台阶向前发展。 一年一个台阶向前发展。 同时在做任何工作 都要了解规则,只有在了解规则的情况下,才能减少出错率。 都要了解规则,只有在了解规则的情况下,才能减少出错率。最后重 要的是要脸皮厚, 要勇敢与企业负责人沟通, 被拒绝后要继续微笑对 要的是要脸皮厚, 要勇敢与企业负责人沟通, 待任何客户。 在客户拒绝还贷款时, 要坚持追讨债务, 用不同的方法, 待任何客户。 在客户拒绝还贷款时, 要坚持追讨债务, 用不同的方法, 直到客户还款为止。 直到客户还款为止。 四、 结语 西南财经大学天府学院 商业银行经营模拟实训报告


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钟离垂博平: 银行业务主要包括负债业务,资产业务,中间业务.1.负债业务包括存款业务和借款业务.1)存款业务就不多说了,就是我们的日常存款,对于银行来说,我们是债主,银行是借我们钱的人,就是负债经营.2)借款业务主要是同业(银行间)...

清丰县13466463845: 求一篇:谈谈你对商业银行全面风险管理的认识的论文,3000字以上 -
钟离垂博平: 我国的国有商业银行的经营行为受市场的影响加重,特别是在全球经济一体化的格局下,中国的商业银行面临着来自国际银行业的冲击,商业银行一方面存在经营风险和大量的效率损失,一方面又缺乏进行体制改革、改变现状的动力,整体陷入...

清丰县13466463845: 求一篇英文文章,关于商业银行的就可以,字数最好是翻译成中文有4000+的字数,急求,谢谢了!
钟离垂博平: A commercial bank (or business bank ) is a type of financial institution and intermediary . It is a bank that provides transactional , savings, and money market accounts and that accepts time deposits . [ 1 ] Contents 1 Origin of the word 2 The role of ...

清丰县13466463845: 急求一篇与商业银行中间业务有关的英文文章,3000字左右!急,感激不尽 -
钟离垂博平: The beginning of the temples of ancient Babylon, for up to four thousand years in the evolution of a long and tortuous history, the banking industry has never stopped the main theme of change and development. Every day, you may be around the ...

清丰县13466463845: 求论文一篇(内容在详细描述里)
钟离垂博平: 这是一篇论文范文,仅供参考. 风险管理与商业银行经营的关系 自商业银行诞生以来,风险就随之产生.从某些方面看,商业银行就是“经营风险”的金融机构,以“经营风险”为盈利的根本手段.商业银行是否愿意承担经营风险,能否妥...

清丰县13466463845: 急需一篇《货币银行学》论文,不少于3000字的!!! -
钟离垂博平: 一名词解释1. 信用货币 2.价值尺度 3.流通手段 4.支付手段 5.格雷欣法则 6.无限法偿 7.有限法偿 8.流动性陷阱 9.流动性偏好 10.金融市场 11.货币市场 12.资本市场 13.金融衍生工具 14.单一银行制 15.分支行制 16.银行控股公司制 17.货币乘数 18....

清丰县13466463845: 高价求一篇银行储蓄柜员岗位半年总结 3000字 -
钟离垂博平: 当日历一页页撕落得只剩下最后一页,半年就这样不知不觉,悄无声息地度过.这半年里,我们用计算机键盘绘出了满天霞光,用算盘珠拔落了万颗 星辰;我们守着一份愉悦,一份执着,一份收获.每天记账,结账,做传票,写账簿.虽然没...

清丰县13466463845: 毕业论文 关于商业银行如何做好信贷业务工作的几点思考 -
钟离垂博平: 内容摘要信贷客户是商业银行赖以生存的基础,是银行利润的主要来源.因此,商业银行需要加强信贷准入客体风险的管理,甄别客户,择优扶持,选择与自己能力相匹配的客户,相辅相成,共同壮大,最终实现客户、银行的双赢和可持续发展...

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