需要格陵兰英文介绍。。。

急求格陵兰岛英文简介,主要是旅游方面的信息!~

格陵兰岛
Greenland
I INTRODUCTION

Greenland (Greenlandic Kalaallit Nunaat; Danish Grønland), island which is an internally self-governing part of Denmark, situated between the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Greenland lies mostly north of the Arctic Circle and is separated from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, on the west, primarily by Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, and from Iceland, on the east, by the Denmark Strait. The largest island in the world, Greenland has a maximum extent, from its northernmost point on Cape Morris Jesup to Cape Farewell in the extreme south, of 2,660 km (1,650 mi). The maximum distance from east to west is 1,300 km (800 mi). The entire coast, which is deeply indented with fjords, is roughly estimated at 44,000 km (27,000 mi). The total area of Greenland is 2,180,000 sq km (840,000 sq mi), of which 1,834,000 sq km (708,000 sq mi) is ice cap. The capital and largest city is Nuuk.

II LAND AND RESOURCES

Greenland consists of an interior ice-covered plateau surrounded by a mountainous, generally ice-free, rim. The interior ice cap varies in thickness, measuring 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the center of the island. Underneath the ice cover are the ancient rocks of the Greenland Shield, which is geologically related to the Canadian Shield. The greatest heights of land are along the eastern coast, where the extreme elevation is Gunnbjørn Fjeld (about 3,700 m/ 12,000 ft). Drainage is afforded mainly by the so-called ice fjords, in which glaciers from the ice caps pass through valleys to the sea, where they form thousands of icebergs each year. The climate is extremely cold, but during the short summer in the south the mean temperature is 9° C (48° F). The mammals of Greenland are more American than European, and include the musk-ox, wolf, lemming, and reindeer. The varieties of seal and whale, and most of the species of fish and seabirds, are also American rather than European. Circumpolar animals, such as the polar bear, arctic fox, polar hare, and stoat, are also found.

III POPULATION

Greenlanders are a people of mixed ancestry, primarily Inuit and European, especially Danish-Norwegian. The total population of Greenland (2002 estimate) is 56,376. Nearly all the population is located on the narrow southwestern coastal fringe.

The capital, Nuuk, formerly known as Godthåb (1994 population, 12,483), is located on the southwestern coast. Nuuk is the largest and oldest Danish settlement on the island, having been founded in 1721. Holsteinsborg (also called Sisimiut; 1994 population, 4,839), on the western coast just north of the Arctic Circle, is the second largest town. Other settlements include Julianehåb (Qaqortoq), Frederikshåb (Paamiut), and Narsaq (Narssaq), on the southern coast; Thule (Qaanaaq), on the northwestern coast; and Ammassalik (Angmagssalik), on the eastern coast.

Education is free and compulsory for all children between the ages of 7 and 14. About 85 school centers were in operation in 1992, instructing primarily in Greenlandic (an Inuit language with some Danish words). Danish, the other official language of Greenland, is also used in the schools. A university is located at Nuuk.

IV ECONOMY

Fishing, sealing, and fur trapping are the principal economic activities in Greenland, which must rely on large amounts of financial support from Denmark. The fish catch is primarily cod, shrimp, and salmon; fish processing is the major manufacturing industry. Agriculture is only possible on one percent of Greenland's total area. Cattle, sheep, and goats are raised in small numbers in some portions of the southwestern coast, and hardy vegetables are grown. Greenland was formerly the world's main source of natural cryolite, a mineral used in the manufacture of aluminum, but by the late 1980s, reserves were exhausted. Lead and zinc were also produced until the mines were exhausted in 1990, and deposits of coal and uranium are known to exist. Denmark is Greenland's largest trading partner, and its main exports are fish, hides and skins, and fish oil. Thule Air Base (formerly Dundas) in the north supports a community of American and Danish civilian and military personnel.

V GOVERNMENT

In a referendum in 1979, Greenland voted for home rule. Denmark continues to administer external affairs. Executive power is held by a seven-member body, the Landsstyre, headed by a premier. Legislative power is vested in a 31-member parliament, the Landsting. Greenlanders elect two representatives to the Danish parliament.

VI HISTORY

Greenland was first explored by Eric the Red, a Norwegian settler in Iceland and father of Leif Eriksson, toward the end of the 10th century, and Icelandic settlements were subsequently established there under his leadership. By the early 15th century, however, these settlements had vanished, and all contact with Greenland was lost. In the course of the search for the Northwest Passage, Greenland was sighted again. The English navigator John Davis visited the island in 1585, and his explorative work, together with that of the English explorers Henry Hudson and William Baffin, afforded knowledge of the west coast of Greenland.

A Danish Authority Established

The foundation of Danish rule was laid by a mission at Godthåb (now Nuuk) in 1721 by a Norwegian missionary, Hans Egede. In the 19th century Greenland was explored and mapped by numerous explorers and navigators. From 1930 to 1931, British and German expeditions made weather observations on the inland ice north of the Arctic Circle. In 1933 an American expedition sponsored by the University of Michigan and Pan-American Airways engaged in meteorological research more than 545 km (more than 340 mi) north of the Arctic Circle.

The United States relinquished its claim to land in northern Greenland, based on the explorations of the American explorer Robert Edwin Peary, when it purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917. In May 1921, Denmark declared the entire island of Greenland to be Danish territory, causing a dispute with Norway over hunting and fishing rights. In 1931 a strip of land on the east coast was claimed by some Norwegian hunters, whose action was later recognized by the Norwegian government. The occupation was invalidated by the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague in 1933.

B U.S. Protection

Germany's occupation of Denmark in 1940, during World War II, brought the status of Greenland again into question. Negotiations between the U.S. government and the Danish minister to Washington resulted in an agreement on April 9, 1941, granting the United States the right “to construct, maintain and operate such landing fields, seaplane facilities and radio and meteorological installations as may be necessary” to protect the status quo in the western hemisphere; the United States also assumed protective custody over Greenland for the duration of World War II, although recognizing Danish sovereignty.

Greenland is the source of many of the weather changes in the northern hemisphere, and knowledge of Greenland weather is of prime importance for the prediction of conditions in the North Atlantic Ocean and in western Europe. Weather and radio stations are of inestimable value for Atlantic air traffic. In 1944, during World War II, a German radio-weather station on the northeast coast was destroyed by the U.S. Coast Guard, and various German attempts to establish weather bases on Greenland were thwarted by Coast Guard vessels. In May 1947, Denmark requested that the United States end the 1941 agreement. Protracted negotiations culminated during April 1951, in a 20-year pact providing for Danish control of the chief U.S. naval station in Greenland and for the establishment of jointly operated defense areas. By the terms of other provisions, the armed forces of the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization were authorized to use all naval, air, and military bases on the island. In the early 1950s the United States expanded its military operations in Greenland, constructing a vast strategic air base at Thule, about 1,500 km (about 930 mi) from the North Pole.

In June 1952, the Danish government and private Danish, Swedish, and Canadian interests formed a company to exploit deposits of zinc, lead, tungsten, and cryolite in eastern Greenland.

C New Political Status

Under the new Danish constitution of May 1953, the country became an integral part of the Danish monarchy and obtained representation in the national parliament. Greenland and Denmark both joined the European Community in 1972.

Following a popular referendum in January 1979, Greenland attained home rule. Elections in April of that year for a new parliament were won by the left-wing Siumut Party. In a referendum held in February 1982, the Greenlanders voted by a narrow margin to withdraw from the European Community (now called the European Union); the withdrawal was completed by early 1985. In the June 1984 elections, the Siumut (Forward) Party and a moderate opposition group, the Atassut (Community) Party, each won 11 seats in parliament; the Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA), or Inuit Brotherhood, won 3 seats. Results of the May 1987 elections were similarly divided. In March 1991 the balance shifted as Atassut lost three seats and the IA gained two. In elections held in March 1995 Siumut won 12 seats and formed a coalition government with Atassut, which won 10 seats; the IA secured 6 seats.

Greenland (Kalaallisut: Kalaallit Nunaat, meaning "Land of the Greenlanders"; Danish: Grønland) is a self-governing Danish province located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically and ethnically an Arctic island nation associated with the continent of North America, politically and historically Greenland is closely tied to Europe, specifically Iceland, Norway, and Denmark. In 1978, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland, making it an equal member of the Rigsfællesskab. Greenland is the world's largest island and largest colony by area (Australia and Antartica are considered continents rather than islands).

Ice and snow

Greenland offers adventures of ice and snow like nowhere else on this planet. The ice cap（冰帽）- up to three kilometers thick - covers an area 14 times the size of England， and icebergs（冰山）snap off the glaciers（冰河）at the edges of the ice cap.

You'll experience icebergs almost everywhere in Greenland. In the Disko Bay（迪斯科湾）， icebergs often rise up to 100 meters above the waterline - keep in mind that 90 percent of an iceberg is hidden below the surface of the sea. The world's most active glacier moves 25-30 meters a day and calves across a front 10 kilometers in width.

Visiting the ice cap is possible from most towns in Greenland， although it usually takes a helicopter flight or a boat trip to reach the edge of the inland ice. In Kangerlussuaq（康克鲁斯瓦格）the ice cap is only 20 kilometers away and you can hike， drive， fly or mountain bike to there - and stay overnight if you bring a tent.

Springtime is the best season for dog-sledge（狗拉雪橇）tours and skiing although Greenland also offers first class summer skiing on glaciers， and dog-sledge tours in the summer.

As a neighbour to the North Pole， Greenland has an Arctic climate， although there are great differences from north to south， and from coast to inland. Generally speaking， the climate is very dry， and as a result， temperatures feel quite different from most other places in the world. 10-15 degrees Celsius （50-60 degrees Fahrenheit） feels very warm， while minus 10 degrees Celsius （14 degrees Fahrenheit） is equivalent to a comfortable temperature.

Outdoor life

Greenland has a potential for outdoor adventures that very few places on this planet can match. The breathtaking（惊险的）Arctic scenery is almost endless on the world's largest island， and with a total population of only 55，000 you are truly on your own as soon as you leave one of the small towns and settlements. Human civilisation is the exception in this country. The mountains， valleys， rivers and gigantic ice cap are practically virgin land（处女地）。

Hikers will experience unspoiled scenery no matter where and how. You can walk from hut to hut or - in South Greenland - from sheep croft（小农场）to sheep croft. Experienced mountain hikers will find challenges with unique awards of beauty in every part of Greenland.

Several travel agencies offer hiking tours to Greenland. Alternatively you can plan your own trip. Check out the detailed hiking maps！

In the early spring it's possible to angle the Greenlandic shark through a hole in the ice. The shark may be up to 6.5 meters long. It is also possible to join a Greenlandic fisherman to the Ilulissat（伊路利萨特）ice fjord（海湾）for two days to fish with long lines through holes in the ice.

The kayak（爱斯基摩人用的皮艇）was originally developed by hunters in Greenland， and today kayaking is experiencing a renaissance（复兴）。 The fjords， straits and archipelagos（群岛）are ideal waters， and several local tourist offices have sea kayaks for rental - from just a few hours to several weeks. Your experience will most likely include icebergs， seals and whales.

Animal life

In Greenland whale watching can be enjoyed from the streets or even from your hotel room. During the late summer and early autumn whales swim close to the coast and are sometimes seen in the harbours. But of course the best way to spot these huge mammals is at sea. Whale-watching tours are offered in several towns in Greenland. When you sail along the coast on a passenger ship， the captain will often notify you when whales are close.

There are many different species of whales in Greenlandic waters including the two largest， the blue whale（蓝鲸）and the fin whale（长须鲸）。 At sea you'll also see seals. An estimated two million seals live in Greenlandic waters. Walruses（海象）are primarily seen in north and east Greenland.

Your first encounter with large animals in Greenland usually takes place very soon after arrival. More than 3，000 musk oxen（麝香牛）live in the area around Kangerlussuaq Airport and some of them can be seen in the immediate surroundings. A one-hour guided tour of the area will most likely include an encounter with these large， sedate animals.

Reindeer live all over the ice-free（不冻的）parts of Greenland， and you may be lucky to see a herd. Reindeer hide is very insulating， and if you decide to go on a dog-sledge tour you will have the chance to dress in clothes made from reindeer hide.

Polar bears live predominantly in north and east Greenland but also come to south Greenland， drifting on the field ice. Encounters with polar bears are extremely rare except in north and east Greenland and no precautions are necessary outside these regions.

The northeastern part of Greenland is a protected national park. With a size larger than England and France put together， it's the largest national park in the world. Polar bears， walruses， reindeer， musk oxen and a growing stock of wolves live here along with smaller animals and many bird species.

Dog-sledge

Dog sledge driving is a total experience of speed， teamwork and grandiose（壮丽的）scenery.

The sledge feels alive under the reindeer skin， moving up and down in time with the terrain. Steam comes from the 12 baying sledge dogs. Apart from that， the silence is overwhelming， broken only when the driver gives the team a low-key order to take a left or a right. 12 perfectly swung dog's tails attest to the fact that our engine is pulling evenly on all cylinders.

Dog sledges and sledge dogs are not found throughout Greenland， only from Sisimiut and north on the West Coast and along the entire East Coast. As a tourist， dog sledge riding is best in March and April.

Dog sledge tours are offered by the local tourist offices and last from just a few hours to several weeks. The dog sledge driver is a fisherman or hunter who normally uses the sledge in this context - to transport himself to a fishing or hunting area in the winter or to carry the fish or the seals back home.

Midnight sun and northern light

Midnight sun is a state of mind. Time makes no sense in this world. You can leave your watch in your suitcase. The day has no end.

The children will rollerskate down the streets in the middle of the night - with sun in their faces. Small motorboats chug out of the harbour. Groups of people sit on the rocks here and there， enjoying the never-ending sunlight.

The midnight sun can be encountered north of the Polar Circle. In Ilulissat， for example， the sun never sets from May 25th to July 25th， and during that period "normal" calender time is virtually non-operative.

It is light around the clock. At what used to be nighttime the soft， warm light and the long shadows from the low-hanging sun bring the scenic backdrops into dreamlike and almost supernaturally beautiful relief.

The northern lights are no less impressive. White， yellow， green and red they sweep across the dark sky in a state of eternal， rapid flux. Accummulate in intensity and culminate in scenery beyond imagination.

Northern lights appear all year round in Greenland， but they can only be observed against a clear， dark night sky. They appear at a height of about 100 kilometers （65 miles） and have the shape of a flapping curtain or points radiating from a single dot.

The phenomeon is due to electrically charged particles from the sun entering the earth's athomphere and being conveyed from there by the magnetic field lines. When the particles meet the molecules in the atmosphere， the northern lights arise， their colour being determined by the nature of the molecules.

The winter darkness is the companion to the midnight sun， and equal fascinating. For weeks the sun doesn't rise above the horizon. The landscape is all white from the snow and the frozen sea. The stars， the moon and the northern lights provide the few candela neccesary to light up the snow. The world turns real and unreal like a dream.

The winter darkness is the companion to the midnight sun， and equal fascinating. For weeks the sun doesn't rise above the horizon. The landscape is all white from the snow and the frozen sea. The stars， the moon and the northern lights provide the few candela neccesary to light up the snow. The world turns real and unreal like a dream.

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香格里拉县18987479599： 需要格陵兰英文介绍... - ？
仲孙玛加葵： The winter darkness is the companion to the midnight sun, and equal fascinating. For weeks the sun doesn't rise above the horizon. The landscape is all white from the snow and the frozen sea. The stars, the moon and the northern lights provide the...

香格里拉县18987479599： 欧洲最大的岛屿是大不列颠岛(欧洲最大的岛屿) ？
仲孙玛加葵： 1、格陵兰岛(英文:Greenland)不仅是欧洲最大的岛屿,也是世界上最大的岛屿,面积2166086平方公里,位于北美东北部,北冰洋和大西洋之间.2、北部的皮里到南部的法威尔角距离为2574公里,最宽处约为1290公里.3、海岸线长达35000多公里.4、丹麦领土.5、努克,首都,也被称为〔Godthab〕.6、这是丹麦的领土.7、该岛五分之四的面积在北极圈内,84%的面积被厚厚的冰层覆盖.8、冰盖平均厚度为2300米,中间最厚的地方有3400米.9、气候寒冷.10、人口约5万,90%为土著因纽特人,大部分居住在该国南部,以渔猎为生.本文,欧洲最大的岛屿是大不列颠岛,欧洲最大的岛屿到此就分享完毕,希望对大家有所帮助.

香格里拉县18987479599： 世界上最大的岛在哪里? - ？
仲孙玛加葵： 格陵兰岛是世界上最大的岛屿,面积达2 175 600平方公里,但大约84%都由冰雪覆盖.假若岛上所有冰雪都溶化的话,全岛的外貌就好像一个浮在海上的巨型甜圈饼.格陵兰(英文:Greenland)这个名称的意思为“绿色的土地”,在丹麦王国下是一个有着特殊地位的国家.全境大部分处在北极圈内,气候寒冷.隔海峡与加拿大与冰岛两国相望.

香格里拉县18987479599： 关于格陵兰岛的英语作文 - ？
仲孙玛加葵： Greenland (Kalaallisut: Kalaallit Nunaat, meaning ＂Land of the Greenlanders＂; Danish: Grønland) is a member country of the Kingdom of Denmark located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. ...

香格里拉县18987479599： 求格陵兰岛的英文情景对话 - ？
仲孙玛加葵： A: hey, how's your trip to Greenland?B: hey, how are you doing? the trip was great. Greenland is as beautiful as heaven. clear air, blue sky, cystal cold though. A: great!

香格里拉县18987479599： 格陵兰岛在哪？
仲孙玛加葵： 格陵兰岛(英语:Greenland;丹麦语作:Gronland,格陵兰语作Kalaallit Nunaat)世界最大岛,面积2,166,086平方公里(836,330平方哩),在北美洲东北,北冰洋和大西洋之间.从北部的皮里地到南端的法韦尔角相距2574公里,最宽处约有1290公里.海岸线全长三万五千多公里. 丹麦属地.首府努克(Nuuk, 又名戈特霍布〔Godthab

香格里拉县18987479599： 格陵兰岛的简介 - ？
仲孙玛加葵：[答案] 丹麦语作Gronland,格陵兰语作Kalaallit Nunaat.世界最大岛,面积2,166,086平方公里(836,330平方哩),位於北大西洋.丹麦属地.首府努克(Nuuk, 又名戈特霍布〔Godthab〕).人口约57,100(2005).其实,这个岛并不...

香格里拉县18987479599： 格里兰岛是属于哪国家? - ？
仲孙玛加葵： 格陵兰岛丹麦属地、世界最大岛更多义项更多图片(13张)格陵兰岛(英语:Greenland;丹麦语作:Gronland,格陵兰语作Kalaallit Nunaat)世界最大岛,面积2166086平方千米,在北美洲东北,北冰洋和大西洋之间.从北部的皮里地到南端...

香格里拉县18987479599： 格陵兰岛用英文为什么叫Greenland? - ？
仲孙玛加葵：[答案] 相传古代,大约是公元982年,有一个挪威海盗,他一个人划着小船,从冰岛出发,打算远渡重洋.朋友都认为他胆子太大了,都为他的安全捏一把汗.后来他在格陵兰岛的南部发现了一块不到一公里的水草地,绿油油的,十分喜爱.回到家...

香格里拉县18987479599： 格陵兰岛城市分布于西南沿海的主要自然原因 - ？
仲孙玛加葵： 格陵兰岛城市分布于西南沿海的主要自然原因主要是因为暖湿洋流带来了温暖湿润的空气,使格陵兰岛西南沿海的温度不至于那么低,从而适合人类居住生活!