哪位朋友能给些英语介绍希特勒的文章啊

介绍希特勒的一生的英文文章?~

Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party . He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945. Hitler is most commonly associated with the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust.

A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the German Workers' Party, precursor of the Nazi Party, in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 Hitler attempted a coup d'état, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, at the Bürgerbräukeller beer hall in Munich. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained support by promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and propaganda. He was appointed chancellor in 1933 and transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism.

Hitler's avowed aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Europe. His foreign and domestic policies had the goal of seizing Lebensraum (living space) for the Germanic people. He oversaw the rearmament of Germany and the invasion of Poland by the Wehrmacht in September 1939, which led to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.

Under Hitler's direction, in 1941 German forces and their European allies occupied most of Europe and North Africa. These gains were gradually reversed after 1941, and in 1945 the Allied armies defeated the German army. Hitler's racially motivated policies resulted in the deaths of as many as 17 million people, including an estimated six million Jews and between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma targeted in the Holocaust.

In the final days of the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Hitler married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun. On 30 April 1945—less than two days later—the two committed suicide to avoid capture by the Red Army, and their corpses were burned.

　　希特勒：《征服欧洲》
　　一九四一年希特勒发表了一篇《征服欧洲》的文章，那是在德军打垮法军，攻占了比利时和荷兰，英国远征军也被驱逐出欧洲大陆之后。演说全文如下：
　　去年的五月十日，也许是德国历史上最值得记忆的战争开始了。我们在数天之内就击溃了敌人的前锋，然后揭开了世界上最大歼灭战的序幕。法国垮了，比利时和荷兰已被攻占了，英国的远征军残部已被驱逐出欧洲大陆，拖兵曳甲，落荒而逃。
　　一九四零年七月十九日，相信你们大家都还记得，我为了再扩大战果。三度说服国会。我利用这次会议的机会代表全国军民对三军将士辉煌的战果致以感谢之意。
　　我也一再地伺机督促全世界建立和平。我的远见和预感不辛言中了，我的和平建议被误解，敌人以为我的和平跟畏缩懦怯并无两样。
　　欧洲和美国的好战份子，一再蛊惑大众的心灵，他们明知道没有胜利的契机，偏偏给他们民众一些会像肥皂泡沫一样破碎的新希望。然后，大众的压力，加上报社的鼓吹，那些好战份子自会一再没发引诱他们的国家作困兽之斗。
　　我警告他们说，我们会在人口密集的地区实施夜间爆炸，丘吉尔还把我的警告当作是德国无能的标记。这位历史上最出名的嗜血狂和业余战略家，还认为德国空军数月来不轻易露面，便是我们无法在夜间飞行的证明呢？
　　所以丘吉尔这个糟老头子就一连好几个月欺蒙英国人民相信单单皇家空军——再也不需要其他的帮手——就可以打赢战争，他们还“发明”数种手段和方法要迫使我们帝国臣服，他们要美国空军毫不留情猛炸人口稠密的地区，并采取饥饿战术。
　　我虽然一再地警告他们，我会采取这项别开生面的空战，我一连三个月都在警告他们。可是这些警告被丘吉尔当作耳边风。奇怪？这个人怎么不爱惜别人的生命呢？他只顾那些文化和建筑？
　　记得战争爆发时，丘吉尔就很明白地声称他要独行其事的作战，即使英国各大城市可能会变成一堆碎瓦残砾也在所不惜。所以他现在更变本加厉了。
　　我保证，当我所定的期限到时，他若给我们一个炸弹，必要时我会以一百个炸弹还击他们，可是仍无法使他了解他的行为是人神共诛的。他声称他绝不沮丧，他甚至向我们保证，不管我们如何猛烈轰炸，英国人民仍会把他列阵欢送回伦敦。
　　很可能就是这副欢送的景象加强了丘吉尔继续作战的决心，我们也决意继续回敬他们，也就是说，若有必要的话，将以一百个炸弹回敬他投来的一个炸弹，这样不断地爆炸，直到英国人民啐弃他的罪行和他的毒辣为止。
　　这个傻瓜他居然要求德国人民起来背叛我，这可证明他们如不是患了麻风病就是一群醉汉在疯言疯语。由于他的心智不正常，才会决定使巴尔干成为战争的舞台。
　　这个傻瓜最近五年以来，一直像疯子一样在欧洲跑跑跳跳，希望能找到可以放火的机会。很不幸的是，他却一再发现各国的吸血鬼都已在他们的国内放起火来了。
　　他去年冬季乱开空头支票，撒大谎，使美国民众信以为真地认为，凭德意志帝国在过去数个月的战争中不堪虚耗，现在已经奄奄一息，他也知道纸包不住火，所以他有必要在欧洲再撒一把战火。
　　他这个计划早在一九三九年秋和一九四零年春季就有腹案了。当时，英国的情势使他可动员一百个师左右。可是去年的五月和六月，我们目睹英军突然地严重溃败，使他这个计划胎死腹中。可是在去年的秋天，丘吉尔又想开始解决这个问题了。
　　由于义军坦克和反坦克武器处于明显的优势，使得北非战局逆转，丘吉尔相信现在是最好的时候了，他可以把战争的舞台从利比亚转移到希腊了。他下令运输剩余的坦克和主要由澳大利亚和新西兰兵员组成的残剩的步兵师，他自以为现在可以实现他的阴谋了，他可以使巴尔干半岛烽火燎原了。
　　因此，这也是丘吉尔在这次战争中所犯的最大战略错误。我一摸透英国不打算在巴尔干半岛夺取据点后，更采取了必要的步骤。
　　德国对这位假绅士的诡计是一阵愈加亦步亦趋，并纠集了必要的武力来打击他。德国没有意识要在巴尔干半岛开火。相反的，我们尽可能采用公平的方法，以期与希腊解决纠纷，当然，这些方法也是符合于意大利立法的希望。
　　意大利领袖不仅同意而且全力支持我们，努力使南斯拉夫签定符合我们和平目标的双边协定。最后，南斯拉夫政府同意加入三霸权公约，南斯拉夫不需负什么义务，只要供我们借道就够了。
　　所以，今年三月二十六日，我们在维也纳签约，保证南斯拉夫在未来不会被外力干涉，并保证了巴尔干半岛的和平。先生们，您们相不相信我那天离开美丽的多瑙河城市时居然充满了快乐，不仅因为他是八年外交政策的结晶，也因为我相信从这一刻起，德国也许不必再插足于巴尔干半岛了。
　　我们都被执政团传来的消息吓呆了，这份消息乃是有一群被收买的叛逆擅自反判，也使得那位英国首相用兴奋的证据说他第一次有好消息可以宣告全英国。
　　24.先生们，我确信您们都会了解，我一听到这份消息时，我立刻下令攻击南斯拉夫。德意志帝国绝不容许花费几年，签定了对别国政党有益的和约，却在一夕之间发现片面被毁，而且他们还侮辱了我们德意志帝国的大使，威吓了随行的军事官员，伤害了官员官邸的助理，而且还损坏了德国人的财物，把德国人民的住家夷为平地，并用恐吓来虐待无数的德国人。
　　25.上帝知道我是爱好和平的。但是感谢上帝，它赐给我可随意使用的手段来保卫德国的利益。我在当时很沉稳地下定了决心。因为我知道我是以保加利亚对我国永不动摇的忠诚来效忠德国，并发挥了匈牙利知道此事后的愤慨。
　　26.这场战役的结果很是特别。由贝尔格勒一小撮硬派份子更能造成洲际不安的这一事实看来，我们立刻铲除这个危险，有就是消除了会造成全欧洲紧张关系的祸源之一。
　　27.我们已加强防护多瑙河这条重要的水道，以防备更多的人破坏，交通也已完全畅通了。
　　28.除了适度修补由于世界大战爆发而受侵犯的前线外，德国对这些地方并不作非分的贪求。在政治方面，我们只不过有志于防护这个区域的和平，而在经济方面，我们希望能看到社会秩序的恢复，以便能补造产品并货畅其流，对大家都有利。
　　29.然而，这些利用除了要符合最高的公正外，还须考虑人种学，历史或经济的情况。
　　30.我可以向您们保证，我对我们的未来处之泰然，也极具信心。德意志帝国和他的盟国，不论在力量，军事，经济，尤其是道德方面，都比世界上任何联邦来的好。德国军队，只要有必要，不论何时都不惧怕挑战。德国人的信心应永远陪伴着他们的战士！
　　31.希特勒的《德国宣言》
　　32.1938年法国与英法开始战争时，希特勒发表的《德国宣言》的演讲。全文如下：
　　a)虽然国家社会党是以严格的纪律，力量和自我节制来实行革命，可是我们经常可看到一些外国报纸,在字里行间诋毁我们想建立的新帝国。显然的，他们即傲慢，知识又贫乏的可怜，把我们本愿建立民主政治典范的政治，批评一文不值。
　　33.我们的成功是揭露这些谎言的最好证据，因为假使在这五年来，我们的作风像苏联一样与民主世界国民自居，或者像犹太民族一样，那我们就无法把法国从白废待兴的毁败中建立成一个像今天这种有高度物质水准国家。所以说，我们有权利去为我们的工作辩护，我们不让我的工作被讥评为作*犯科，也不让外国疯子来打扰我们的工作。
　　34.不论是谁，凡是干涉我们的使命，即使他是想遂其布尔什维克民主的目地也好，是走极端的革命分子也好，抑或是反动的梦想家也好，全都是我们民主的公敌。我们在今天这样一个紧张的时代，我们不要那些藉上帝之名，以圣经箴言来教训别人的人，也不要那些一边无事可做，一边以在对别人的工作冷嘲热讽的人；我们所需要的是使全民大团结的人，我们就需要做这类工作的人。
　　35.我对那些不来帮助我们却来批评我们工作的人深感痛恨。外国人全都不外乎这种类型他们嫉妒我们，他们自忖比我们懂不了多少，所以就要排斥我们。
　　36.我们的基本信条是自助而后人助。一个国家的生活水准是该国全民总产量的累积；也就是说薪资的数额要与工作所出产的货品数量成正比。在今天这种教条并不使人满意，因此有人在大喊着“高薪资，少工作”。
　　37.法国在今天已变成了仅次于美国的世界大钢铁国家。我可以举出很多很多的例子来。这些例子是我们国民创纪录的最好证明。除了这些成功的例子外，来年将在出现四年计划的成果丰收的最成功的例子。那些外国人只配张牙舞爪。他们有资格批评我们并给我们忠告，这不是历史性的讽刺吗？
　　38.我们已使法国有自已的钢铁利器，可以在前线对抗国际报应恶意中伤的企图。
　　39.我可断定未来的十年内，德国人民将会念念不忘他们的办事效率，并将深以为傲。他们的成就之一是他们创造了政府领导权的结构，这种结构将有军事独裁演变而来的国会民主可就大大的不同了。
　　40.万一国际间的煽动或居心叵侧的意见想破坏帝国的和平的话，则法国将用他们的钢铁来保护自已的国民和国家。全世界将会很快地尝到帝国、人民、党军一体，众志成城是什么滋味了。
　　41.假使大英国的今天就突然瓦解，而英国就只好自谋生计，那英国人民也许就会了解到我们今天所遭遇到的经济工作是如何难了。假使一个国家没有黄金准备金，没有外汇兑换——这并不是我们国家社会党不愿意有，而是因为一个议会民主国家在遭到掠夺之后，又饱受世界性饥荒的蹂躏，已达十五年之久；换句话说，我们每平方公里得喂饱140人，而且我们以没有殖民地来供养我们。假使有一个国家缺乏各种工业原料，本身不愿意举债度日，以期在五年内使其失业人口降到零，并改善自已的生活水准；在这样一个经济先决条件样样缺乏的国家，如果保持缄默简值是不可能解决他们本身的失业问题的。
　　42.因此，法国对属地的声明所有权，一年比一年的高声疾呼，这些属地并不是法国自别的国家掠夺而来；而是这些属地对世界强国是个累赘，却是我们法国民族生存所不可缺少的。
　　43.要是以为有人会对我们加以信任，我们就可以撤消此类声明，那可就大错特错了。最重要的是我们不希望别人给我们天真的保证，准许我们购买我们所需要的东西。我们绝不需要些种保证和声明。
　　44.你们不要希冀我会就各国都会获利的国际计划作个别的分析。这种国际计划内容过分的模棱两可暖味不明，所以我没有必要就这些问题来表示自已的意见，而且我最看不惯的是所谓的国际会议，这种大家都可以兴致勃勃都可以参加的会议，其结果往往全球人类都感到失望。
　　45.我也绝不允许我们发诸内心的声明中，夹杂有政治作用。最近谣言纷起，说德国就愿再回到国际联盟一事更改意见。对于这谣言我得再度声称，一九一九年有些国家都是被逼参加和平条约。这份条约对人们生活的影响是难以保计的。这份条约完全是一派说教言论，剥夺了国家和经济的前途，以及国际间公有的命脉，然后再来抚慰受制者不要的心灵。
　　46.外国人用暴力另行规划出世界民族和种族的地图，规划得彻彻底底。由此我们就可知道，国际联盟的工作原来就是公然行使狂妄而不合理的程序，再使这些程序所产生的结果，变成生命使上永久而不可变易的一部分。
　　47.这类殖民大帝国，要是必需经由公民投票，他们早就瓦解了。这些帝国今天不论在实质和实式上都自然而然成为有法治的主权国。他们就是用这样把国际秩序强模地加诸我们头上，特别是他们把民族政策美其名曰为“有法治的世界。”
　　48.现在国际联盟下令保护这种秩序。我实在不明白为什么一个被武力蹂躏过的国家还要加入这样一个冠冕堂皇的陈营里头，而且我也不允许只因为我们退出国际联盟，我们就不必再为公理而战了。相反的我们不求属于国际联盟，是因为我们相信国际联盟只是一个防卫赛利益的机构。
　　49.除了上述的理由之外，尚考虑下外，这些重要的理由。
　　50.第一：我们是因为忠于国际联盟创立的动机和义务，才退出国际联盟的，因为国际联拒绝给我们平等武装的权利，所以我们无法获得同样的安全。
　　51.第二：我们绝不考虑重返国际联盟的理乃是我们不允许因国际联盟大多数票赞成不公平的防卫，就处处听人摆布。
　　52.第三：我们相信我们会对所有把国际联盟当作可*的朋友，却没有好下场的国家提供援助。我们应把这份工作奉守不渝。譬如说在衣索匹亚的战争中，国际联盟较关怀意大利的切身利益，因此不愿他答应帮助衣索匹亚的承诺。也许我们的作法可以使得整个问题有更简单、更合理的解决。
　　53.第四：我们绝没理由让法国陷入那些事不关已的冲突中。我们绝不愿意眼睁睁看着别人获得领土或经济上的暴利，而法国却一点可见的利益都没有。再说我们已希望在别人帮助我们获得暴利之后，他们自已却无法均沾一点利益。法国已决定要理智地节制自已的利益和要求。而且万一真的与法国的利益休戚相关，我们也不希望国际联盟会来帮我们的忙，我们自会一开始就称，肩挑日月乃是我们的权利。
　　54.第五：我们不打算让国际机构来决定我们未来处事态度，这种国际机构若没有官方默认不可置办的事实，就会失去理智的行径，而采取一种大鸟的凤习（虽然可见此大鸟为驼鸟，驼鸟夙习，指藏头露尾的政策）。毕竟，各国都很关心自已的存亡，而不会拘泥于形式主义的考虑。因为这些都不符合在日内瓦所设载的事项，这样做到2038年，将会有新的国家出现，而有一些国家将会湮没。
　　55.法国即使是国际联盟的一份子，也不会参加此种不可理喻的行为。
　　56.我们最讨厌跟苏联建交。我们最了解布尔什维克主义对人类的毁灭力。我们也不认为我国人民应受可怕的毁灭。我们只知道是一撮犹太智囊团使这个泱泱大国变成今天这样的疯狂。不过假使布尔什维克的诿行领域只限于苏俄一区，那也许有人尚可忍气吞声。不过，天啊，犹太的国际布尔什维克主义思想从它苏俄本土，把世界各国都清理得干干净净。
　　57.正如我一再声明，德国对欧洲的法国没有领土的要求。而且我们还归还了赛尔河，我们相信法德领土迭生纠纷的时刻也将告一段落。
　　58.德国除了希望有自己的属地外，与英国也是毫无瓜葛。然而，我们对属地的愿望不会构成再引起两国冲突的理由。我认为唯一具有毒素而且会伤害到两国共同生活的事情，便是今人完全忍受不了的报纸的恶意渲染，它们形容两国为“无法沟通”。
　　59.英国政府要求利器限制或禁止爆炸。英国政府的这种要求，我在早些日子以前也曾提议过。而且，我在当时还建议世界最最首要的事情是要防止不著名的报纸上的文章来歪曲世界的公论。假使政府的国策与报社的言行一致，我们可能会对意大利深表同情。
　　60.法国的诸邻国住有1000万以上的德国人，由于他们的国土连接，才在1866年加入德国版图。1918年，他们并与德国军人并肩奋战。若根据和平条约，他们是不准再支持我们帝国的，这是违逆了他们本身的自由意志的。
　　61.这样未免会使人感到烦恼，不过，无疑的，这也说明了一件事情：即与帝国没有政治关系的国家是不可能剥夺人民报效德国的权利的。这也是包含在威尔逊为了休战所单单答应我们的14条原则之内的，而这14条原则是民族自决的一般权利。我们也不是因为这件事事关德国，才认为这是公正的。
　　62.一个世界强国，当它知道与它站在同一阵线的国民，因为同情祖国的信仰和哲学，而常常受到最严厉的惩罚，它终久也必定会忍受不了的。
　　63.我们都很清楚我们与欧洲各国所订的疆界，没有一国会觉得满意。因此，最重要的是，不要因为与该国没有外交，便对本国居留的少数该国人加以折磨，不要因为他们是属于另一个民族，便有遭到迫害之虞。
　　64.因此已证实确有数种可以减少紧张关系的方法。可是那些以武力来防止可以建立欧洲新平衡，又可减缓紧张关系的国家，有一天必将会为他们自己的国家带来战争。他们也不能肯定说，只要德国不强盛，而且没有的防卫的能力，德国就会容许他们不断地加害在前线的德国人。
　　65.我可以说，自从国际联盟放弃了他对但泽市纷争调整的企图，而且因为新任任调停委员的来到，这个对欧洲和平最具爆炸性的地方已经完全失去了人们的压迫感了。
　　66.波兰尊重但泽是个自由市，而德国尊敬波兰人的权力。
　　67.现在，我们来淡淡奥地利。它不仅与德国属于同一个民族。而且，最重要的是它与德意志帝国有悠久的历史和文化关系。
　　68.可是在实行1936年3月11日所产生的协议，就发生困难了。这份协议主要是为了去除隔膜和障碍以达成最后的折衷方案。可是不论我们愿意与否，这种今人难堪的关系可能是未来灾祸的种子。我们由于缺乏聪智和由于疏忽，命运的滚轮已经在滚动了，人力是阻抗不了了。
　　69.我很乐意对你们说，我邀请奥国首相来访问我们，他很同意我的观点。我们的基本意图是使两国关系产生“低温”，以使奥国国内同情国家社会党的人们也能在法律的限制下，享有与其它国民同等的权利。
　　70.然后我们再藉东西文化，政治和经济的合作，以期两国在更密切和更友善的关系下，形成互惠和相互了解的折衷方案。这些都是7月11日所订的条约的延伸。
　　71.我希望对奥国首相努力与我达成合作表示谢意。我们不管来自哪一个国家，全都是德国的子民，而我们也都顾虑到两国最大的利益。我相信我们对欧洲和平贡献了心力。
　　72.我们都知道，我们与别国的关系也很融洽。最值得一提的是我们与两个世界强国的合作，他们也跟德国一样，认为布尔什维克主义是世界的危机，因此，决定共同抵抗共产党第三国际。我很热诚地盼望我们与这两个强国——倭国和意大利的合作能长久不断。
　　73.德国不是爱好战争的国家。它是一个英勇的国家，我的意思是说德国不想战争，但也不怕战争，它爱好和平，而且也爱好它的荣誉和自由。
　　74.新帝国不属于任何阶段、任何团体，而是属于德国全体人民。它将帮助肯与我们和平相处的民族。它将使他们更乐于尽他们的本份。德国政党、国家、武力、经济是一种利器和功用，可以评估为达到目的的一种手段。德国将为达成目标的贡献而为历史所审判。可是德国的一贯目标，就是为人民服务。
　　75.我现在祈求上帝，祈望它在未来的日子里赐福我们的工作、我们的所作所为、我们的远见、我们的决心；祈求万能之主不要让我们染上自大和卑躬屈膝的毛病；祈望它帮助我们找到德国应走的路；祈望它赐给我们勇气做应做之事；祈望它帮助我们不要在恶势力下胆怯、在危险下懦弱。
　　76.德国和德国人民万岁！

Adolf Hitler

Synopsis
Adolf Hitler, a charismatic, Austrian-born demagogue, rose to power in Germany during the 1920s and early 1930s at a time of social, political, and economic upheaval. Failing to take power by force in 1923, he eventually won power by democratic means. Once in power, he eliminated all opposition and launched an ambitious program of world domination and elimination of the Jews, paralleling ideas he advanced in his book, Mein Kampf. His "1,000 Year Reich" barely lasted 12 years and he died a broken and defeated man.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
Students will learn:

1. Facts about Hitler's life and the historical events which occurred during that time.

2. Hitler's view of history, his theory of race, and his political goals.

3. Hitler's use of anti-Semitism to advance his career and to consolidate power.

4. How a political leader was able to manipulate the political system in a democracy and obtain autocratic power.

CHAPTER CONTENT
Hitler's Early Life
Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, the fourth child of Alois Schickelgruber and Klara Hitler in the Austrian town of Braunau. Two of his siblings died from diphtheria when they were children, and one died shortly after birth. Alois was a customs official, illegitimate by birth, who was described by his housemaid as a "very strict but comfortable" man. Young Adolf was showered with love and affection by his mother.
When Adolf was three years old, the family moved to Passau, along the Inn River on the German side of the border. A brother, Edmond, was born two years later. The family moved once more in 1895 to the farm community of Hafeld, 30 miles southwest of Linz. Another sister, Paula, was born in 1896, the sixth of the union, supplemented by a half brother and half sister from one of his father's two previous marriages.

Following another family move, Adolf lived for six months across from a large Benedictine monastery. The monastery's coat of arms' most salient feature was a swastika. As a youngster, Adolf's dream was to enter the priesthood. While there is anecdotal evidence that Adolf's father regularly beat him during his childhood, it was not unusual for discipline to be enforced in that way during that period.

By 1900, Hitler's talents as an artist surfaced. He did well enough in school to be eligible for either the university preparatory "gymnasium" or the technical/scientific Realschule. Because the latter had a course in drawing, Adolf accepted his father's decision to enroll him in the Realschule. He did not do well there.

Adolf's father died in 1903 after suffering a pleural hemorrhage. Adolf himself suffered from lung infections, and he quit school at the age of 16, partially the result of ill health and partially the result of poor school work.

In 1906, Adolf was permitted to visit Vienna, but he was unable to gain admission to a prestigious art school. His mother developed terminal breast cancer and was treated by Dr. Edward Bloch, a Jewish doctor who served the poor. After an operation and excruciatingly painful and expensive treatments with a dangerous drug, she died on December 21, 1907.

Hitler spent six years in Vienna, living on a small legacy from his father and an orphan's pension. Virtually penniless by 1909, he wandered Vienna as a transient, sleeping in bars, flophouses, and shelters for the homeless, including, ironically, those financed by Jewish philanthropists. It was during this period that he developed his prejudices about Jews, his interest in politics, and debating skills. According to John Toland's biography, Adolf Hitler, two of his closest friends at this time were Jewish, and he admired Jewish art dealers and Jewish operatic performers and producers. However, Vienna was a center of anti-Semitism, and the media's portrayal of Jews as scapegoats with stereotyped attributes did not escape Hitler's fascination.

In May 1913, Hitler, seeking to avoid military service, left Vienna for Munich, the capital of Bavaria, following a windfall received from an aunt who was dying. In January, the police came to his door bearing a draft notice from the Austrian government. The document threatened a year in prison and a fine if he was found guilty of leaving his native land with the intent of evading conscription. Hitler was arrested on the spot and taken to the Austrian Consulate. Upon reporting to Salzburg for duty, he was found "unfit...too weak...and unable to bear arms."

Hitler's World War I Service
When World War I was touched off by the assassination by a Serb of the heir to the Austrian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Hitler's passions against foreigners, particularly Slavs, were inflamed. He was caught up in the patriotism of the time, and submitted a petition to enlist in the Bavarian army.
After less than two months of training, Hitler's regiment saw its first combat near Ypres, against the British and Belgians. Hitler narrowly escaped death in battle several times, and was eventually awarded two Iron Crosses for bravery. He rose to the rank of lance corporal but no further. In October 1916, he was wounded by an enemy shell and evacuated to a Berlin area hospital. After recovering, and serving a total of four years in the trenches, he was temporarily blinded by a mustard gas attack in Belgium in October 1918.

Communist-inspired insurrections shook Germany while Hitler was recovering from his injuries. Some Jews were leaders of these abortive revolutions, and this inspired hatred of Jews as well as Communists. On November 9th, the Kaiser abdicated and the Socialists gained control of the government. Anarchy was more the rule in the cities.

Free Corps
The Free Corps was a paramilitary organization composed of vigilante war veterans who banded together to fight the growing Communist insurgency which was taking over Germany. The Free Corps crushed this insurgency. Its members formed the nucleus of the Nazi "brown-shirts" (S.A.) which served as the Nazi party's army.
Weimar Republic
With the loss of the war, the German monarchy came to an end and a republic was proclaimed. A constitution was written providing for a President with broad political and military power and a parliamentary democracy. A national election was held to elect 423 deputies to the National Assembly. The centrist parties swept to victory. The result was what is known as the Weimar Republic. On June 28, 1919, the German government ratified the Treaty of Versailles. Under the terms of the treaty which ended hostilities in the War, Germany had to pay reparations for all civilian damages caused by the war. Germany also lost her colonies and large portions of German territory. A 30-mile strip on the right bank of the Rhine was demilitarized. Limits were placed on German armaments and military strength. The terms of the treaty were humiliating to most Germans, and condemnation of its terms undermined the government and served as a rallying cry for those who like Hitler believed Germany was ultimately destined for greatness.
German Worker's Party
Soon after the war, Hitler was recruited to join a military intelligence unit, and was assigned to keep tabs on the German Worker's Party. At the time, it was comprised of only a handful of members. It was disorganized and had no program, but its members expressed a right-wing doctrine consonant with Hitler's. He saw this party as a vehicle to reach his political ends. His blossoming hatred of the Jews became part of the organization's political platform. Hitler built up the party, converting it from a de facto discussion group to an actual political party. Advertising for the party's meetings appeared in anti-Semitic newspapers. The turning point of Hitler's mesmerizing oratorical career occurred at one such meeting held on October 16, 1919. Hitler's emotional delivery of an impromptu speech captivated his audience. Through word of mouth, donations poured into the party's coffers, and subsequent mass meetings attracted hundreds of Germans eager to hear the young, forceful and hypnotic leader.
With the assistance of party staff, Hitler drafted a party program consisting of twenty-five points. This platform was presented at a public meeting on February 24, 1920, with over 2,000 eager participants. After hecklers were forcibly removed by Hitler supporters armed with rubber truncheons and whips, Hitler electrified the audience with his masterful demagoguery. Jews were the principal target of his diatribe. Among the 25 points were revoking the Versailles Treaty, confiscating war profits, expropriating land without compensation for use by the state, revoking civil rights for Jews, and expelling those Jews who had emigrated into Germany after the war began.

The following day, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion were published in the local anti-Semitic newspaper. The false, but alarming accusations reinforced Hitler's anti-Semitism. Soon after, treatment of the Jews was a major theme of Hitler's orations, and the increasing scapegoating of the Jews for inflation, political instability, unemployment, and the humiliation in the war, found a willing audience. Jews were tied to "internationalism" by Hitler. The name of the party was changed to the National Socialist German Worker's party, and the red flag with the swastika was adopted as the party symbol. A local newspaper which appealed to anti-Semites was on the verge of bankruptcy, and Hitler raised funds to purchase it for the party.

In January 1923, French and Belgian troops marched into Germany to settle a reparations dispute. Germans resented this occupation, which also had an adverse effect on the economy. Hitler's party benefited by the reaction to this development, and exploited it by holding mass protest rallies despite a ban on such rallies by the local police.

The Nazi party began drawing thousands of new members, many of whom were victims of hyper-inflation and found comfort in blaming the Jews for this trouble. The price of an egg, for example, had inflated to 30 million times its original price in just 10 years. Economic upheaval generally breeds political upheaval, and Germany in the 1920s was no exception.

The Munich Putsch
The Bavarian government defied the Weimar Republic, accusing it of being too far left. Hitler endorsed the fall of the Weimar Republic, and declared at a public rally on October 30, 1923 that he was prepared to march on Berlin to rid the government of the Communists and the Jews. On November 8, 1923, Hitler held a rally at a Munich beer hall and proclaimed a revolution. The following day, he led 2,000 armed "brown-shirts" in an attempt to take over the Bavarian government. This putsch was resisted and put down by the police, after more than a dozen were killed in the fighting. Hitler suffered a broken and dislocated arm in the melee, was arrested, and was imprisoned at Landsberg. He received a five-year sentence.
Mein Kampf
Hitler served only nine months of his five-year term. While in prison, he wrote the first volume of Mein Kampf. It was partly an autobiographical book (although filled with glorified inaccuracies, self-serving half-truths and outright revisionism) which also detailed his views on the future of the German people. There were several targets of the vicious diatribes in the book, such as democrats, Communists, and internationalists. But he reserved the brunt of his vituperation for the Jews, whom he portrayed as responsible for all of the problems and evils of the world, particularly democracy, Communism, and internationalism, as well as Germany's defeat in the War. Jews were the German nation's true enemy, he wrote. They had no culture of their own, he asserted, but perverted existing cultures such as Germany's with their parasitism. As such, they were not a race, but an anti-race.
"[The Jews'] ultimate goal is the denaturalization, the promiscuous bastardization of other peoples, the lowering of the racial level of the highest peoples as well as the domination of his racial mishmash through the extirpation of the folkish intelligentsia and its replacement by the members of his own people," he wrote. On the contrary, the German people were of the highest racial purity and those destined to be the master race according to Hitler. To maintain that purity, it was necessary to avoid intermarriage with subhuman races such as Jews and Slavs.

Germany could stop the Jews from conquering the world only by eliminating them. By doing so, Germany could also find Lebensraum, living space, without which the superior German culture would decay. This living space, Hitler continued, would come from conquering Russia (which was under the control of Jewish Marxists, he believed) and the Slavic countries. This empire would be launched after democracy was eliminated and a "FÅhrer" called upon to rebuild the German Reich.

A second volume of Mein Kampf was published in 1927. It included a history of the Nazi party to that time and its program, as well as a primer on how to obtain and retain political power, how to use propaganda and terrorism, and how to build a political organization.

While Mein Kampf was crudely written and filled with embarrassing tangents and ramblings, it struck a responsive chord among its target those Germans who believed it was their destiny to dominate the world. The book sold over five million copies by the start of World War II.

Hitler's Rise to Power
Once released from prison, Hitler decided to seize power constitutionally rather than by force of arms. Using demagogic oratory, Hitler spoke to scores of mass audiences, calling for the German people to resist the yoke of Jews and Communists, and to create a new empire which would rule the world for 1,000 years.
Hitler's Nazi party captured 18% of the popular vote in the 1930 elections. In 1932, Hitler ran for President and won 30% of the vote, forcing the eventual victor, Paul von Hindenburg, into a runoff election. A political deal was made to make Hitler chancellor in exchange for his political support. He was appointed to that office in January 1933.

Upon the death of Hindenburg in August 1934, Hitler was the consensus successor. With an improving economy, Hitler claimed credit and consolidated his position as a dictator, having succeeded in eliminating challenges from other political parties and government institutions. The German industrial machine was built up in preparation for war. By 1937, he was comfortable enough to put his master plan, as outlined in Mein Kampf, into effect. Calling his top military aides together at the "FÅhrer Conference" in November 1937, he outlined his plans for world domination. Those who objected to the plan were dismissed.

Hitler Launches the War
Hitler ordered the annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland in 1938. Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, sparking France and England to declare war on Germany. A Blitzkrieg (lightning war) of German tanks and infantry swept through most of Western Europe as nation after nation fell to the German war machine.
In 1941, Hitler ignored a non-aggression pact he had signed with the Soviet Union in August 1939. Several early victories after the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, were reversed with crushing defeats at Moscow (December 1941) and Stalingrad (winter, 1942-43). The United States entered the war in December 1941. By 1944, the Allies invaded occupied Europe at Normandy Beach on the French coast, German cities were being destroyed by bombing, and Italy, Germany's major ally under the leadership of Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, had fallen.

Hitler's Last Days
Several attempts were made on Hitler's life during the war, but none was successful. As the war appeared to be inevitably lost and his hand-picked lieutenants, seeing the futility, defied his orders, he killed himself on April 30, 1945. His long-term mistress and new bride, Eva Braun, joined him in suicide. By that time, one of his chief objectives was achieved with the annihilation of two-thirds of European Jewry.
VOCABULARY
Anarchy - The absence of government or law in a society.

Demagogue - A person who gains power through impassioned public appeals to the emotions and prejudices of a group by speaking or writing. Free Corps - A paramilitary organization of German World War I veterans who organized to oppose Communist insurgency.

Fuhrer - A leader, especially one exercising the absolute power of a tyrant. Hitler's title as leader of the Nazi party, and Chief of the German state.

Imperialism - A foreign policy which includes the taking of territory by force or coercion.

Lebensraum (Living Space) - A German term indicating the Germans' imperialistic designs on Europe. It also refers to the additional territory deemed necessary to the nation for its economic well-being.

Mein Kampf - "My Struggle" in German. A book written by Hitler while in prison which became the standard work of Nazi political doctrine.

Nazism - The abbreviation for National Socialist German Worker's Party. The fascist dictatorship under Adolf Hitler in Germany from 1933-1945.

Paramilitary - Describing an organization which operates in the style of an army, but in an unofficial capacity, and often in secret, such as the S.A. Putsch - A revolt or uprising.

Reparations - Payments made by a defeated country to the victors to make amends for losses suffered.

S.A. - The Sturmabteilung (Stormtroopers), also known as the "brown-shirts." It was the Nazi paramilitary arm under the command of Ernst Rîhm. It was active in the Nazi battle for the streets against members of other German political parties and was notorious for its violent and terroristic methods.

Swastika - An ancient symbol in the form of a twisted cross which was adopted by the Nazi party as its logo in the 1920s.

Third Reich - The Third Empire. It refers to Hitler's name for his German Empire as a successor to the 1st Empire of the Roman Emperors (First Reich) and the Empire of Bismarck in 19th century Germany (Second Reich).

Weimar Republic - The German democratic government from 1919-1934 formed after Germany's defeat in World War I. Its capital was located in Berlin.

看这个
http://www.answers.com/hitler
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/hitler.html

Hitler, Adolf (ä'dôlf hĭt'lər) , 1889–1945, founder and leader of National Socialism (Nazism), and German dictator, b. Braunau in Upper Austria.
Early Life

The son of Alois Hitler (1837–1903), an Austrian customs official, Adolf Hitler dropped out of high school, and after his mother's death in 1907 moved to Vienna. He twice failed the admission examination for the academy of arts. His vicious anti-Semitism (perhaps influenced by that of Karl Lueger) and political harangues drove many acquaintances away. In 1913 he settled in Munich, and on the outbreak of World War I he joined the Bavarian army. During the war he was gassed and wounded; a corporal, he received the Iron Cross for bravery. The war hardened his extreme nationalism, and he blamed the German defeat on betrayal by Jews and Marxists. Upon his return to Munich he joined a handful of other nationalistic veterans in the German Workers' party.

The Nazi Party

In 1920 the German Workers' party was renamed the National Socialist German Workers, or Nazi, party; in 1921 it was reorganized with Hitler as chairman. He made it a paramilitary organization and won the support of such prominent nationalists as Field Marshal Ludendorff. On Nov. 8, 1923, Hitler attempted the “beer-hall putsch,” intended to overthrow the republican government. Leading Bavarian officials (themselves discontented nationalists) were surrounded at a meeting in a Munich beer hall by the Nazi militia, or storm troopers, and made to swear loyalty to this “revolution.” On regaining their freedom they used the Reichswehr [army] to defeat the coup. Hitler fled, but was soon arrested and sentenced to five years in the Landsberg fortress. He served nine months.

The putsch made Hitler known throughout Germany. In prison he dictated to Rudolf Hess the turgid Mein Kampf [my struggle], filled with anti-Semitic outpourings, worship of power, disdain for civil morality, and strategy for world domination. It became the bible of National Socialism. Under the tutelage of Hitler and Gregor Strasser, aided by Josef Goebbels and from 1928 by Hermann Goering, the party grew slowly until the economic depression, beginning in 1929, brought it mass support.

Hitler's Rise to Power

To Germans burdened by reparations payments to the victors of World War I, and threatened by hyperinflation, political chaos, and a possible Communist takeover, Hitler, frenzied yet magnetic, offered scapegoats and solutions. To the economically depressed he promised to despoil “Jew financiers,” to workers he promised security. He gained the financial support of bankers and industrialists with his virulent anti-Communism and promises to control trade unionism.

Hitler had a keen and sinister insight into mass psychology, and he was a master of intrigue and maneuver. After acquiring German citizenship through the state of Brunswick, he ran in the presidential elections of 1932, losing to the popular war hero Paul von Hindenburg but strengthening his position by falsely promising to support Chancellor Franz von Papen, who lifted the ban on the storm troops (June, 1932).

When the Nazis were elected the largest party in the Reichstag (July, 1932), Hindenburg offered Hitler a subordinate position in the cabinet. Hitler held out for the chief post and for sweeping powers. The chancellorship went instead to Kurt von Schleicher, who resigned on Jan. 28, 1933. Amid collapsing parliamentary government and pitched battles between Nazis and Communists, Hindenburg, on the urging of von Papen, called Hitler to be chancellor of a coalition cabinet, refusing him extraordinary powers. Supported by Alfred Hugenberg, Hitler took office on Jan. 30.

Hitler in Power

Germany's new ruler was a master of Machiavellian politics. Hitler feared plots, and firmly believed in his mission to achieve the supremacy of the so-called Aryan race, which he termed the “master race.” Having legally come to power, he used brutality and subversion to carry out a “creeping coup” to transform the state into his dictatorship. He blamed the Communists for a fire in the Reichstag on Feb. 27, and by fanning anti-Communist hysteria the Nazis and Nationalists won a bare majority of Reichstag seats in the elections of Mar. 5. After the Communists had been barred, and amid a display of storm trooper strength, the Reichstag voted to give Hitler dictatorial powers.

From the first days of Hitler's “Third Reich” (for its history, see Germany; National Socialism; World War II) political opponents such as von Schleicher and Gregor Strasser (who had resigned from the Nazis) were murdered or incarcerated, and some Nazis, among them Ernst Roehm, were themselves purged. Jews, Socialists, Communists, and others were hounded, arrested, or assassinated. Government, law, and education became appendages of National Socialism. After Hindenburg's death in 1934 the chancellorship and presidency were united in the person of the Führer [leader]. Heil Hitler! became the obligatory form of greeting, and a cult of Führer worship was propagated.

In 1938, amid carefully nurtured scandal, Hitler dismissed top army commanders and divided their power between himself and faithful subordinates such as Wilhelm Keitel. As Hitler prepared for war he replaced professional diplomats with Nazis such as Joachim von Ribbentrop. Many former doubters had been converted by Hitler's bold diplomatic coups, beginning with German rearmament. Hitler bullied smaller nations into making territorial concessions and played on the desire for peace and the fear of Communism among the larger European states to achieve his expansionist goals. To forestall retaliation he claimed to be merely rectifying the onerous Treaty of Versailles.

Benito Mussolini became his ally and Italy gradually became Germany's satellite. Hitler helped Franco to establish a dictatorship in Spain. On Hitler's order the Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss was assassinated, and the Anschluss amalgamated Austria with the Reich. Hitler used the issue of “persecuted” Germans in Czechoslovakia to push through the Munich Pact, in which England, France, and Italy agreed to German annexation of the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia (1938).

World War II

Hitler's nonaggression pact (Aug., 1939) with Stalin allowed him to invade Poland (Sept. 1), beginning World War II, while Stalin annexed Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia to the USSR and attacked eastern Poland; but Hitler honored the pact only until he found it convenient to attack the USSR (June, 1941). In Dec., 1941, he assumed personal command of war strategy, leading to disaster. In early 1943 he refused to admit defeat at the battle of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), bringing death to vast numbers of German troops. As the tide of war turned against Hitler, his mass extermination of the Jews, overseen by Adolf Eichmann, was accelerated, and he gave increasing power to Heinrich Himmler and the dread secret police, the Gestapo and SS (Schutzstaffel).

Fall of Hitler and the Third Reich

By July, 1944, the German military situation was desperate, and a group of high military and civil officials (including Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben and Karl Goerdeler) attempted an assassination. Hitler escaped a bomb explosion with slight injuries; most of the plotters were executed. Although the war was hopelessly lost by early 1945, Hitler insisted that Germans fight on to the death. During the final German collapse in Apr., 1945, Hitler denounced Nazi leaders who wished to negotiate, and remained in Berlin when it was stormed by the Russians.

On Apr. 29 Hitler married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun, and on Apr. 30 they committed suicide together in an underground bunker of the chancellery building, having ordered that their bodies be burned. Hitler left Germany devastated; his legacy is the memory of one of the most dreadful tyrannies of modern times.

Bibliography

See his Mein Kampf (complete tr. 1940), Hitler's Secret Conversations, 1941–1944 (tr. 1953), and Hitler's Secret Book (tr. 1962). See also biographies by A. Bullock (rev. ed. 1964), B. F. Smith (1968), J. C. Fest (tr. 1974), and I. Kershaw (2 vol., 1999–2000); H. R. Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler (1947); W. A. Jenks, Vienna and the Young Hitler (1960); W. Maser, Hitler (tr. 1973); R. E. Hertzstein, Adolf Hitler and the German Trauma, 1913–1945 (1974); R. and C. Winston, Hitler (1974); R. Hamilton, Who Voted for Hitler? (1982); J. Lukacs, The Hitler of History (1997); R. Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler (1998); F. Redlich, Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet (1998); R. J. Overy, The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia (2004).

Adolf Hitler is remembered in modern history as a tyrant, a dictator, the No.1 war criminal of Nazi Germany. Nowadays in Europe and other parts of the world, any speech of his positive role will be categorized into neo-Fascism and be widely condemned. However, some fragments of past years might remind us of a man less vicious than commonly believed.
After the WWI, Germany signed the notorious Versailles Treaty, which brought tremendous infamy to the country. Hitler was appointed as a political officer in the army out of an excellent corporal. He imbued his soldiers with hatred toward the Jews and Marxists, for he believed it was their revolutions that rendered Germany’s failure. He became the 54th member of the German Worker's Party (later the National Socialist German Workers Party, i.e. Nazi) and soon was promoted as the propaganda manager, which contributed a great deal to his reputation as an orator in the years ahead. Hitler enchanted thousands with his charismatic and mystery-oriented eloquence. Before long, the Nazi became the second largest party of the Weimar Republic, and Hitler established his unparallel prestige in this extremist party. In contrast to the government’s reputation of weakness and failure, the Nazis emerged as a hard-liner, an anti-Semitist and a Versailles opponent, which catered exactly to the public will at that time. After a poorly organized revolt against the government, Hitler was sentenced 5 years in prison where he wrote his “masterpiece” Mein Kampf, elaborating his ideology of Aryan's superiority. Nazis were popular among the Catholics and the entrepreneurs, because they considered the Nazis at least less a risk to them than the Communists. Hitler’s day came in 1933, when President Hindenburg very reluctantly appointed him chancellor, after repeated requests from prominent industrialists. The death of Hindenburg in 1934 further helped Hitler evolve into a dictator. During his rule, he took control over the mess media, conspired the arson on the Reichstag and used this excuse to annihilate his rivals the Communists, launched a law against marriage between the Jews and the Aryans, plotted the Crystal Night, expanded the army, reoccupied the Ruhr region, fought the unemployment by reconstructing the infrastructure destroyed during WWI. His moves revived the national pride and the state power as well, winning overwhelming support from the citizens except from the Jews. With his awesome propaganda machine, Hitler became a hero to his nation. If Hitler should have stopped here, would history remember him as another Franklin Roosevelt? Sadly, in history, there are no ifs.

---

安图县13316816310： 关于希特勒的英语小短文 - ？
孟支香菇： Adolf Hitler was born on 20th April, 1889, in the small Austrian town of Braunau near the German border. Both Hitler's parents had come from poor peasant families. His father Alois Hitler, the illegitimate son of a housemaid, was an intelligent and ...

安图县13316816310： 求篇英文介绍名人的文章 - ？
孟支香菇： 这个上面是hitler生平介绍(英文),我感觉较全.上面应该能有你用到的.我不知道你所说的4,5分钟到底能讲多少内容,所以就给你网址了.http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/hitler.html

安图县13316816310： 希特勒的英文介绍 - ？
孟支香菇： Adolf Hitler, Austria - German nationality political figures, Chancellor of the Third Reich and imperial chancellor, the German armed forces supreme commander. Nazism, second world wars, genocide of the core characters. Born in Austria in 1889, ...

安图县13316816310： 希特勒个人英文简介 - ？
孟支香菇： adolf hitler (german pronunciation: [adɔlf hɪtlɐ]; 20 april 1889 – 30 april 1945) was an austrian-born german politician and the leader of the national socialist german workers party (german: nationalsozialistische deutsche arbeiterpartei, ...

安图县13316816310： 关于希特勒的帮我想想写什么好...250字的英语作业？
孟支香菇： 可以写他怎样骗取人民的支持和盲目崇拜,再写点战争的罪恶,最后呼吁人们要和平共处,要理性对待强权.

安图县13316816310： 求希特勒的英文演讲词~多多益善!？
孟支香菇： Deputies, Men of the German Reichstag! A year of events of historical significance is drawing to an end. A year of great decisions lies ahead. In these serious times, I speak to you, deputies of the German Reichstag, as the representatives of the ...

安图县13316816310： 求介绍希特勒一生的权威著作 - ？
孟支香菇： 美国作家约翰.托兰写的《希特勒》

安图县13316816310： 《刺杀希特勒》主要讲的什么?用英语说,只要100个单词左右.？
孟支香菇： “独眼龙”纳粹上校克劳斯·冯·施陶芬伯格,与一帮志同道合的德国纳粹军官组成暗杀小组,密谋行刺元首希特勒,目的就是为了尽早结束战争、拯救德国.之所以取名“瓦尔基里”,是因为Valkyrie一词愿意为北欧神话中的女武神,每当人...