英语动词不定式

英语的动词不定式~

一、不定式的基本形式: to＋动词原形,有时可以省略to.

二、 动词不定式的特点: （1）没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语.

（2）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语.如: to read a book; to sing at the party.

（3）动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.

三、动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象.如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解. 能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等.

四、动词不定式作宾语补足语. 能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等.

五、动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.（1）表示目的: The doctor came to operate on her. He has gone to town to do some shopping. I sat down to have a rest. He stopped to have a look. He rushed into the room to save the girl. The moved away the stone to let the traffic go. He got up to catch the train.

（2）表示结果: The girl cried only to make her mother angry.

（3）表示程度: She is too tired to walk any farther. She is strong enough to carry the heavy box.

（4）表示原因: I was surprised to read the news.

能带不定式作状语的形容词有: glad , happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , hard

六、不定式作定语: 动词不定式作定语,一般要放在被修饰词的后面,不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系. We have lots of work to do. Would you like something to drink? I want to get something to read during my holiday. That’s a difficult question to answer.

【注意】如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词. 如: He is looking for a room to live in. Give me a piece of paper to write on. He has nothing to worry about. There is not enough space to stand in on the earth.. She is a nice person to work with. a place to go to.

七、动词不定式作主语: 如 To learn a foreign language is not easy.

在现代英语中,常用it来作形式主语,而把真正的动词不定式主语放在后面.即句型:

“It is＋形容词＋for （ of） sb. to do sth.”中，当形容词是kind ，nice ， good ， clever ， careful ， careless , right , wrong , foolish 等表示人的性格特征时, 用of ; 如果形容词为difficult , easy , hard, important ,interesting, possible ,necessary 等表示事物的特征时, 用for. It is necessary / important / easy / hard/ possible for us to learn English well. It is very kind /nice / good of you to help me with my English.

※ 在句型: 主语＋find / think / feel / make +it +形容词+ to do sth.中,it为形式宾语.

I found it very important to learn English well. I think it easy to learn English well.

八、作表语: My job is to teach English. His wish is to become a scientist.

九、动词不定式和疑问词连用.动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which , how , when , where ,who 等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分.这时往往可以扩写成宾语从句; The question is how to use the computer.

I don’t know where to go for my holiday =I don’t know where I can go for my holiday.

He can’t decide which book to choose.= He can’t decide which book he can choose.

I don’t know what I should do next=I don’t know what to do next.

十、动词不定式的否定形式: not to＋动词原形

Tell him not to be late. I will try not to read in bed.

十一、动词不定式省略to的场合:（1）作动词let, make , have, feel ,hear, see , watch , notice 等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to. Let him do the work. He made me work day and night. I saw him fall off the bike.

（2）作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可不带to.

He didn’t help me（to）mend the bike. You have helped ( to ) protect our environment.

（3）在助动词和一些情态动词如will , would , shall , should , can , could , may , might , must , do , does , did , didn’t , don’t , doesn’t 等的后面,用动词原形,即动词不定式不带to.

Will you help me? He doesn’t live here. It might rain . You must finish your homework on time.

（4）在why not…? , had better , would rather 等的后面也跟不带to的动词不定式.（原形）

Why not buy a dictionary? You had better （not）stay at home. I would rather go early.

（5）在第二个不定式前一般不带to. I would like to lie down and go to sleep.

Do you want to eat now or wait till later?

※ 在下列答语中, to不能省略: －Will you join me in a walk?－I will be glad to.

－Will you go swimming with me this afternoon?－I would love to.

－Used he work in the factory?－Yes , he used to .

Exercises:

1. We must find a person （做这项工作）

2. In my family, my mother is always the first one （起床）

3. Do you have （什么问题要问）?

4. There are （许多重要事情要谈）

5. This book is （不容易理解）

6.He was too excited （说不出话来）

7. Do you think him easy （容易相处）?

8. You must get him （今晚顺便到这儿来）

9. It was not good （早晨起床晚）

10. It was a mistake （没有帮他学英语）

11. Her wish is （成为一名大学生）

12.What worries me is （在会上演说些什么）

13. It is our duty （保护家园）

14. I opened the door （让新鲜空气进来）

初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表
（1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
cost（花费） cost cost
cut（割） cut cut
hit（打） hit hit
hurt 伤害） hurt hurt
let（让） let let
put（放） put put
read （读） read read
(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）
beat（跳动） beat beaten
(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）
become（变成） became become
come（来） came come
run（跑） ran run
(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）
dig（挖） dug dug
get（得到） got got
hang（吊死） hanged hanged
hang（悬挂） hung hung
hold（抓住） held held
shine（照耀） shone shone
sit（坐） sat sat
win （赢） won won
meet（遇见） met met
keep （保持） kept kept
sleep（睡） slept slept
sweep（扫） swept swept
feel（感觉） felt felt
smell（闻） smelt smelt
leave（离开） left left
build（建设） built built
lend（借出） lent lent
send （传送) sent sent
spend（花费） spent spent
lose （丢失） lost lost
burn （燃烧） burnt burnt
learn（学习） learnt learnt
mean（意思是） meant meant
catch（抓住） caught caught
teach（教） taught taught
bring（带来） brought brought
fight （战斗） fought fought
buy（买） bought bought
think（想） thought thought
hear （听见） heard heard
sell（卖） sold sold
tell（告诉） told told
say（说） said said
find（找到） found found
have/has（有） had had
make（制造） made made
stand（站） stood stood
understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）
begin（开始） began begun
drink（喝） drank drunk
ring（铃响） rang rung
sing （唱） sang sung
swim（游泳） swam swum
blow（吹） blew blown
draw （画） drew drawn
fly（飞） flew flown
grow（生长） grew grown
know（知道） knew known
throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown
break（打破） broke broken choose（选择） chose chosen
forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot)
speak（说，讲） spoke spoken
wake（醒） woke woke
drive（驾驶） drove driven
eat（吃） ate eaten
fall（落下） fell fallen
give（给） gave given
rise（升高） rose risen
take（取） took taken
mistake（弄错） mistook mistaken
ride（骑） rode ridden
write（写） wrote written
do（做） did done
go（去） went gone
lie（平躺） lay lain
see（看见） saw seen
wear （穿） wore worn
be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been

常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结
.固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
★ 计划做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓励某人做
★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
★ let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
★why not/why don’t you +动原？为什么不.?Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）
★ 助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形
★ be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算” 做某事）
使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball？
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下结构中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事；
2. finish doing sth； 完成做某事； 3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事；
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事） 5.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
6. go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；7.remember doing sth 记得做过某事
8. like doing sth 喜欢做某事； 9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做
10. try doing sth 试图做某事； 11. need doing sth 需要做某事；
12. prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事； 13.mind doing sth 介意做某事；
14. miss doing sth 错过做某事； 15.practice doing sth 练习做某事；
16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；17.can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；
18.waste time/money doing 浪费时间/钱做; 19.keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜欢做B更喜欢做A
22. “do some +doing”短语 如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23．“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)
.注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom

文章来源：青年人外语考试网
动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆：

一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。

二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。

三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。

1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。

例：Togoinforsportshelpsyou

stayfit.(book4，L28)Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.

注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等表示

评价的形容词。例：It’srightofhimtorefusethe

invitation.(him为逻辑主语)

2、表语：Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.

3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(book4，L11)

和plan用法一样的词还有：start，want，agree，hope，begin，decide等。

Ifounditverydifficulttogeta

job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语：(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：例：Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4，L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词

(see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，

make，let，have，help等)后不带to。例：Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom.

5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

例：Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4，

L1)6、形容词补足语：在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。

例：Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.

7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。

例：Theybroughtinphotosoftheir

familiesformetolookat.(book4，L2)

8、“疑问词＋不定式”用法：不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。

例：Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”

例：Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.

你会累死的。。。

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晴隆县19137268566： 英语的动词不定式 - ？
强晏肛泰： 一、不定式的基本形式: to+动词原形,有时可以省略to.二、 动词不定式的特点: (1)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语.(2)动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定...

晴隆县19137268566： 英语动词不定式 有哪些 - ？
强晏肛泰： 英语中动词的主要功能是做谓语,而动词不定式不能作谓语,所以叫动词的非谓语形式.动词不定式有两种形式,一是带to的不定式,一是不带to的不定式,后者都由动词原形构成. 不定式有动词的性质,有语态和时态.如:一般式主动语态...

晴隆县19137268566： 英语中动词不定式是什么意思 - ？
强晏肛泰： 动词 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse ...

晴隆县19137268566： 动词不定式是什么意思 - ？
强晏肛泰： 在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式.它之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限.不定式属于非谓语动词. 在外语学习的课程中,动词不定式的一般现在时...

晴隆县19137268566： 英语什么是动词不定式 - ？
强晏肛泰： ,to + 动词原形 就是动词不定式.其中to叫做动词不定式符号,有时可以省略. 动词不定式除了不可以做谓语动词外,

晴隆县19137268566： 什么是英语动词不定式??? - ？
强晏肛泰： 就是动词后面连接的to do 的形式. 举个例子,ask to do sth make it to do sth

晴隆县19137268566： 动词不定式 - ？
强晏肛泰： 在英语中,在动词之前加“to＂构成”to do sth＂结构称为动词不定式,可以在英语的句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等句子成分,但不能作谓语.

晴隆县19137268566： 英语动词不定式？
强晏肛泰：一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化. 二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to).动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用). 三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词...

晴隆县19137268566： 在英语里什么是动词不定式?？
强晏肛泰： 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语. 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作. 2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等...

晴隆县19137268566： 什么是英语中的“动词不定式”?为什么称“不定”? - ？
强晏肛泰：[答案] 英语中动词的主要功能是做谓语,而动词不定式不能作谓语,所以叫动词的非谓语形式.动词不定式有两种形式,一是带to的不定式,一是不带to的不定式,后者都由动词原形构成.不定式有动词的性质,有语态和时态.如:一般式主动...