初中英语八种句式

初中英语句式~

2006-12-20 20:08
(一) 知识概要
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：
① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.

② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.

③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.

④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.

⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：

① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。

③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.

④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police， 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen

⑤ 所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something … 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有： and not only … but also， neither … nor， either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or， either … or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam

宾语从句

① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam

②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not

③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。

④ who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?

⑤ whose 如： I want to know whose book this is?

⑥ which 如： Do you know which book is mine? 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，① how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如： How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.

在考试中常见到的考点是： 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。

① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态， 如： I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。

②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如： 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

时间状语从句

其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点：

① until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back

② 由 since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago

③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park

考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow


原因状语

① because， 应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强，如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard

② since 应译为"既然"，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk

③ as 应译为"由于"，如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college

比较状语从句

同级比较 as … as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点：

① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。

② 用形容词还是副词，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as (so) … as， 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如： He is younger than I am

要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型：

① 比较级＋and＋比较级，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful

② 定冠词 the ＋ 比较级＋ the ＋ 比较级，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如： Please do it like me

结果和目的状语从句

主要有 so … that， so that， in order that等几种用法。

① so … that 用在单数可数名词前，so ＋ 形容词 ＋ a ＋ 名词 ＋ that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such ＋ a ＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her

② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.

③ 在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I can't buy it

④ so … that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy

⑤ so that 其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus

50个典型句式：:
1. as soon as 一…就…
2. (not) as/so…as 不如
3. as…as possible 尽可能地
4. ask sb for sth.. 请求，要求
5. ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 请教/告诉某人如何做…
6. ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 请/告诉某人做/不做某事
7. be afraid of doing sth. / that… 害怕做某事/害怕，担心…
8. be busy doing 忙于做某事
9. be famous/late/ready/sorry for… 以…著名
10. be glad that… 高兴…
11. both…and… …与…两者都…
12. buy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tell sb. sth. 为某人买某物
13. either…or 要么…要么…
14. enjoy/hate/finish/mind/keep/go on doing 喜欢做某事
15.get+比较级半功倍 变得越…
16. get on with 与…相处
17. get ready for/get sth. ready 为…做准备
18. give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/ tell sth to sb. 把…给某人
19. had better (not) do 最好做/不做
20. help sb (to) do/help sb. with 帮某人做某事
21. don’t think that... 认为…不…
22. I would like to…/would you like to…? 我想做…
23. It takes sb some time to do sth. 花费某人…时间做某事
24. it’s bad /good for… 对...有害处
25. it’s important for sb to do sth. 对于某人来说做…是重要的
26. It’s time for…/to do sth. 对于…来说是做…的时间了。
27. It’s two meters (years) long (old) 它两米长。
28. keep sb. doing 让某人一直做某事
29. keep/make sth. +adj. 让…一直保持…
30. like to do/like doing 喜欢做…
31. make/ let sb. (not) do sth. 让某人做/不做某事
32. neither…nor 既不… 也不…
33. not…at all 根本不
34. not only…but also 不仅…而且….
35. not…until 直到…才.…
36. one…the other/ some…others 一个…另一个…
37. see/hear sb do (doing) sth. 看见某人做了/正在做某事
38. so…that 如此…以至于…
39. spend...on (in) doing sth. 在…方面花费…
40. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
41. stop to do/doing 停下来去做某事
42. take/bring sth with sb. 随身携带
43.The+比较级， the+比较级 越…越…
44. There is something wrong with… …出了问题/毛病
45. too…to 太…以至于不能…
46. used to 过去常常
47. What about…/How about…? …怎么样呢？
48. What’s wrong /the matter with…? …出什么问题了？
49. Why not…? 为什么不做…呢？
50. Will (Would, Could) you please…? 你愿不愿意做….呢？

历届考题：
1.很抱歉，我的自行车坏了。请再等我五分钟。
I’m sorry, there is something wrong with my bike. Please wait for me five more minutes.
我的电视机坏了，所以我不能看比赛了。
(1) There is something wrong with my TV, so I can’t watch the match.
我的计算机坏了。你能帮助我修理一下吗？
(2)There is something wrong with my computer. Could you help me mend it?
这台机器坏了。我们最好修理一下它。
(3) There’s something wrong with this machine. We’d better mend it.

2.对于青少年来说，学习如何交友是很重要的。
It’s important for teenagers to learn how to make friends.
虽然雨下得正大，但是对于他来说，看来不跑完最后的200米是不可能的。
(1)Although it is raining heavily, it looks that it’s impossible for him not to finish the last 200 meters.
吃更多的蔬菜是有好处的。
(2)It’s good to eat more vegetables.
对于我们来说拥有充足的睡眠是重要的。
(3) It’s important for us to have enough sleep.
对于我们来说保持环境清洁是重要的。
(4) It’s important for us to keep the environment clean.
嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
(5) It’s impolite to laugh at disabled people.
进行更多的锻炼对你的健康来说是有益的。
(6) It’s good for your health to do more exercise.
在太阳下读书对眼睛是有害的。
(7) It’s bad for eyes to read in the sun.

3.我们应该在适当的时间去晚会,既不能太早，也不能太晚。
We should go to the party just at the right time, neither too early nor too late.
恶劣的天气和穷困的状况都无法改变他在那里教书的决心。
(1) Neither bad weather nor poor condition can change her mind to teach there.
这个社区既不安静也不安全。我不喜欢住在这里。
(2) This neighborhood is neither quiet nor safe. I don’t like living here.
Tom 和Jack都不喜欢骑自行车上学。
(3) Neither Tom nor Jack likes going to school by bike.
4.六月份的考试一结束我的父母就带我去大连度假。
My parents will take me to Dalian for vacation as soon as the examination in June is over.
你一完成作业就给我打电话。
(1) Please call me up as soon as you finish your homework.
他一看完这张DVD他就把它借给你。
(2) He will lend this DVD to you as soon as he finishes watching it.
昨天晚上我一到家妈妈就让我准备晚饭。
(3) My mother asked me to get ready for supper as soon as I got home yesterday evening.
请尽早把这份通知用电子邮件的方式发给我。
(4) Please e-mail me this notice as soon as possible.

5.在每个月的排队日，越来越多的人们排队等候，这有助于防止有人夹塞儿。
On Queuing Day of each month there are more and more people waiting in line。It can help prevent/stop someone from cutting in the queue/ jumping the queue.
虽然交通堵塞让我不能高速驾车，但是我还是喜欢拥有自己的车。
(1) Although traffic jams would stop me from driving fast, I’d still like to have my own car.

6.有时在交通高峰期，开车不如骑自行车快。
Sometimes driving a car is not as/so fast as riding a bike in the rush hours.
有些学生学英语不如学数学努力。
(1) Some students don’t study English as hard as they study math.
西方的孩子们通常准备尽可能多的礼物。
(2) Kids in the West usually get ready for as many gifts as possible.

7.我们最好不要在公共场所大声讲话。
We’d better not talk loudly in public places.
你最好在饭前洗手。
(1)You’d better wash your hands before dinner.
天现在黑了。我们最好回家去。
(2) Its dark now. You’d better go home.
你最好每周帮助父母做些家务。
(3) You’d better help your parents do some housework once a week.
你最好随身带上雨伞。外面的雨下得正大。
(4) You’d better take an umbrella with you. It’s raining hard outside.

8. 对司机来说有些路标太小了看不见。
Some road signs are too small for drivers to see.
Some road signs are so small that drivers can’t see them.
昨晚Kate太生气了一句话也说不出来。
(1)Kate was too angry to say a word last night.
他想在2008年做一名奥运志愿者。现在他正忙着学习英语以至于每天都没有时间玩儿。
(2) He wants to be an Olympic volunteer in 2008. Now he is so busy learning English that he has no time to play every day.
我们的数学老师太生气了一句话都说不出来。
(3) Our math teacher was too angry to say a word. / was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.
过去他花太多的时间玩计算机游戏，以至于他对于学习没有兴趣。
(4)He used to spend so much time playing computer games that he was not interested in his lessons.
听到神州六号成功发射的消息，许多人激动得彻夜未眠。
(5) Hearing the news of successful launch of Shenzhou-6, many people were too excited to sleep the whole night.
这本书太厚了，对于我来说不能读完。
(6) This book is too thick for me to finish reading.
这道数学题太难了，我花了两小时才算出来。
(7) The math problem was so difficult that I spent two hours working it out.
今天晚上的电话让他气愤不已，以至于他一宿没睡。
(8) Tonight’s calls made him so angry that he couldn’t sleep last night.
这个男孩非常喜欢足球，以至于他每天练习两小时。
(9) The boy likes football so much that he practices it for two hours every day.

9.每天早晨在我上学的路上，我欣喜地看到工人们正忙着为奥运会建设体育馆和体操馆。
Every morning, on my way to school, I am happy to see the workers being busy building stadiums and gyms for the Olympics.
我很高兴你能来看我。
(1) I’m very happy that you can come to see me.

10.乘坐D-车组从上海到北京只用十小时。
It takes only 10 hours from Beijing to Shanghai on a Bullet Train.
他每天用多长时间玩计算机游戏？
(1) How long does he spend playing computer games every day?
工人们建成这座大桥将用两年时间。
(2)It will take the workers two years to build the bridge.
建设这座奥运场馆工人们只用了两年时间。
(3)It took the workers only 2 years to build this Olympic Stadium.
她用了三个月时间做这项实验。
(4) It took her 3 months to do this experiment.
我把所有的业余时间用在绘画上了。
(5) I spend all my free time in drawing.
他每天用半小时读英语吗？
(6) Does he spend half an hour reading English every day?
在2008年乘坐磁悬浮火车从上海到杭州你将只用24分钟。
(7) It will take you only 24 minutes from Shanghai to Hang Zhou by magnetic train in 2008.
一项调查表明半数以上的学生每周有四小时用在网络上。
(8) A survey shows that more than half of school students spend 4 hours a week on the Internet.
工人们建设这所新学校要用多长时间？
(9) How long will it take the workers to build the new school?

11.晚饭后出去散步怎么样？
How about going out for a walk after supper?
喝点水怎么样？你看上去有点紧张。
(1)How about drinking water? You look a little bit nervous.
我今天没时间去看他们。明天怎么样？
(2) I have no time to see them today. What about tomorrow?
我要去打球。你呢？
(3) I’m going to play ball games. What about you?
我喜欢这次讲座。你呢？
(4) I like this lecture. What about you?

12.法国以它的美食和美酒著名。
France is famous for its fine food and wine.

13.Bob给我买了一本书作为生日礼物。
Bob bought me a book as a present for my birthday.
我忘了带我的英语书了。你能把你的借给我吗？
(1) I forgot to bring my English book here. Could you lend me yours?
请把这封信寄给她。
(2) Please send her this letter.

14.我认为他不会来了。
I don’t think he will come.
我认为他不会放弃学习。
(1)I don’t think he will give up study.
我认为坐在计算机旁太长时间对眼睛不好。
(2) I don’t think it is good for eyes to sit too long at a computer.

15.学生们知道雨停了才回家。
The students didn’t go home until the rain stopped.
李明每天直到他妈妈回来才去上学。
(1) Li Ming doesn’t go to school until his mother comes back every day.
直到雨停请再离开。
(2) Don’t leave until the rain stops.
Jack昨晚直到他妈妈让他去睡觉才停止看电视。
(3) Jack didn’t stop watching TV until his mother asked him to go to bed last night.
直到他打扫完老人的房间他才停下来休息。
(4) He didn’t stop to have a rest until he finished cleaning the old man’s room.
直到风息了请再打开窗户。
(5) Don’t open the window until the wind stops.
直到昨天和妈妈谈心我才理解妈妈对我的爱。
(6) I didn’t understand my mother’s love to me until I talked with her yesterday.

16.当你遇到困难的时候为什么不求助呢？
Why not ask for some help when you are in trouble?
博物馆非常近。为什么不走路去那儿呢？
(1) The museum is quite near. Why not go there on foot?
为什么不跟我们去看电影呢？
(2) Why not go to a movie with us?
为什么不给他买一本字典呢？ 他太需要了。
(3) Why not buy him a dictionary? He is in great need of it.

17.我们本周六去公园，要么坐公共汽车，要么骑自行车去。
We’re going to the park this Saturday, either by bus or by bike.
据说Harry Potter III非常有意思。我知道要么你要么李雷有一本。
(1) Its said Harry Potter III is very interesting. I know either you or Li Lei has got one copy.
Jack的兄弟要么是一名教师，要么是一名大夫。
(2) Jack’s brother is either a teacher or a doctor.

18.老板让工人们不停地工作直到他们完成任务。
The boss kept the workers working all the time until they finished all the work.

这架照相机不能用了。出什么问题了？
19. The camera doesn’t work. What’s wrong with it?
他看起来很悲伤。出什么事了？
(1) He looks very sad/upset. What’s the matter?

20.Tom告诉Mike尽快读完这本书。
Tom told Mike to finish reading this book as soon as possible.
老师告诉学生们直到汽车停下来才能下车。
(1) The teacher told the students not to get off the bus until it stopped.
他的妈妈经常告诉他不要去网吧。
(2) His mother often tells him not to go to the Internet bar.

21.他匆匆忙忙上学，但是上课迟到了。
He hurried to school yesterday, but he missed the class/ was late for class.

22.现在一些新产手机不仅用来玩游戏，而且用来听歌曲。
Today some newly-produced mobile phones are used not only for playing games, but also for listening to songs.
现在一些新产手机不仅用来照相，而且用来从网上下载歌曲。
(1) Today some newly-produced mobile phones can be used not only for taking photos, but also for downloading songs from the Internet.
如果你想学好英语，你不仅要做大量阅读，而且要一直用英语与别人交谈。
(2) If you want to learn English well, you will not only do a lot of reading, but also keep talking with others in English.

23.这些天所有的学生都忙着锻炼身体准备体育考试。
These days all the students are busy exercising to be ready for the physical examination.
中国的许多地方都准备着帮助北京举办奥林匹克运动会。
(1) Lots of Chinese areas are all ready for helping Beijing hold the 2008 Olympic Games.
瞧！学生们正为运动会做准备。
(2) Look! The students are getting ready for the sports meeting.
你准备好明天的运动会了吗？
(3) Are you ready for tomorrow’s sports meeting?

24.六点钟了。该吃晚饭了。
Its six o’clock. It’s time for supper. /It’s time to have supper.
课结束了。我们该打扫教室了。
(1) Class is over. It’s time for us to clean the classroom.
春天来了。该是种树的时间了。
(2) Spring is coming. It’s time to plant trees.

25. I我很抱歉让你等了很长时间。
am sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.

26.我们种的树越多，我们遇到的沙尘暴就越少。
The more trees we plant, the fewer sand and storms we’ll have.
我们种的树越多，我们的环境就越好。
(1) The more trees are planted, the better our environment is.

27.当我到家的时候妈妈总是忙着做饭。
Mom is always busy cooking when I get home.

28.这条新路十米宽。
The new road is 10 meters wide.

29.孩子们总是怕黑。
Children are always afraid of the dark.
现在七点了。我恐怕我们看电影要晚了。
(1) Its seven o’clock now. I am afraid we will be late for the film.

30.我过去经常和他去公园。
I used to go to the park with him.
Kobe的爸爸过去在NBA打球。
(1) Kobe’s father used to play in NBA.

31.你可以把字典递给我吗？我想用字典查一些新生词。
Would you please pass me the dictionary? I’d like to look up some new words in it.
我有两张电影票。你想和我一起去吗？
(1) I’ve got two tickets for the film. Would you like to go with me?

32.今天下午我们不上课了。帮父母做家务吧。
We won’t have any classes this afternoon. Please help parents with the housework.

33.今天天气很好。让我们散步吧。
it’s a fine day today. Let’s go for a walk.

韩小平在都灵奥运会前从没有停止练习。
34. Han Xiaoping has never stopped practicing before the Turin Olympics.

时态 谓语结构 主语 谓语

一般现在时 动词原形\三单式　 第三人称单数 　 动词三单式　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 非第三人称单数 动词原形　

现在进行时 am\is\are+动词现在分词　 I am+动词现在分词　　　 第三人称单数 is+动词现在分词　 其他 are+动词现在分词

一般将来时 am\is\are going to+动词原形 I 　 am going to+动词原形
第三人称单数　 is going to+动词原形
其他 　　 are going to+动词原形
will\shall+动词原形 we(疑问句中）　 shall+动词原形
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 其他　　　　　 will+动词原形

现在完成时　has\have+动词过去分词　　　 第三人称单数　　 has+动词过去分词
非第三人称单数 have+动词过去分词

一般过去时　　　动词过去式 任意　　　　　　　动词过去式

过去进行时　　was\were+动词现在分词 第三人称单数 was+动词现在分词　 非第三人称单数 　 were+动词现在分词

过去将来时 was\were going to+动词原形 第三人称单数 was+going to+动词原形　 非第三人称单数 were+going to+动词原形

过去完成时 had+动词过去分词　　　　　　　 任意　　　　 had+动词过去分词　

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