一篇英语短文求翻译【急用】【好的追加100分】
This is one among a litany of terms relating to ethical abuses in Chinese media. It has never been clearly defined, but can be generally understood as the practice of releasing information in the form of a news report in return for gains personally or for one’s media organization [definition at Modern Broadcasting website].
这是中国媒体届一系列丑恶行径中的一部分。虽然它没有被清楚地定义,但是,可以随着实践和追求人权或“现代广播网站定义”媒体组织的新闻报道,一切都会大白于天下。
Some sources trace the phenomenon to an early column in Shanghai’s Wenhui Bao into which “news” was routinely sold. At that time reporters called such exchanges of news for cash “food coupon news” (饭票新闻).某些描述上海文汇报早期专栏中一般会出现哪些新闻这一现象,在那个时候,记者称那些可以换取金钱的新闻为饭票新闻。
An article on Sina.com identifies six forms of paid-for news, as follows:
在Sina.com 上有一篇文章定义了如下六种“饭票新闻”:
1. Receiving money or other forms of benefit in exchange for news coverage;
1。以金钱或其他形式的利益物为交换条件的新闻。
2. Doing news coverage in exchange for advertising or circulation benefits or sponsorship;
2。可以争取广告、发行量或赞助商的新闻。
3. Forcing money or other forms of personal or institutional benefit by threatening negative news coverage (”news extortion”).
以金钱或其他的个人或一贯利益为目的的威胁、敲诈的新闻。(“新闻勒索”)
4. Media editors or bosses demanding their subordinates play a role in revenue creation, thus blurring the line between business and editorial;
媒体的编辑或老板要求他们的下属扮演一个创收的角色,从而使得商业和编辑之间的界限很模糊。
5. Exchanging news with other media or journalists for payment or other benefit;
和其他媒体或作者交换新闻以作为支付款或其他收益。
6. Public relations companies doing so-called “news reporting” on behalf of their clients and paying for space or airtime.
关乎公众的企业竟然作出这样的新闻报道,为了他们的委托方而占用空间和电视播放时间。
Forms of paid-for news, however, are constantly evolving. One article by People’s Daily described how some journalists work mention of so-called “clients” (those who have paid them for coverage) into stories in an indirect way, for example when addressing more general topics.
这种有偿新闻,还在持续发展。人民日报的一篇文章,用系列故事的形式比较含蓄地描述了一些记者是如何为那些所谓的“客户”(那些给他们报酬以获得新闻的人)工作的,比如当访问一些很普通的话题时。
《关税与贸易总协定》的目的是让世界贸易自由化并为其提供安全基础,从而促进全球经济增长和发展。GATT(是一个协定也是一个有秘书处和工作人员的组织)被认为是现如今国际贸易系统的中心机构基础,覆盖了世界上大部分的发展中及发达国家。GATT提供了一个国际贸易协商引导以及争端和解的框架。
尽管GATT的规则和流程主要针对货物贸易,但也很好的适用于服务行业包括旅游业。例如,当宾馆进口所需的设备、材料和其他商品遇到困难时,GATT的争端解决流程就可以被用上。在签署国协商解决的基础上,该组织以及发展出了一套国际认可的针对询问、协商和诊断解决的规范和流程。GATT在逐渐减少世界关税到历史最低水平上发挥着主要影响。
服务贸易,之前被排除在外,而现在则被包括在新一轮的多方贸易协商的GATT框架里。从1970年以来,服务经济在发达国家飙升并成为世界贸易发展的关键因素。在今天,服务行业国际贸易每年大约有6千亿美金。旅游行业占了世界服务贸易的25%到30%。1986年,GATT乌拉圭协议首次提出“服务贸易商谈”板块(GATS服务贸易一般协定)。GATS协议和GATT谈话并行实施,意在发展服务贸易规则(针对GATT中的商品贸易)。GATS的目的是通过减少和消除货币上的(例如证照费)、非货币上的(例如配额限制)以及其他影响真实国际竞争的障碍,从而让国际贸易政策更加自由。
GAT的条款可以鼓励和帮助GATT国家内的不同方式的旅店投资。比如,规范同意:1,国外市场进入;2,国民待遇,外国公司和本地企业相对平等;3,透明,(可以在外国获得规则、流程、大方向上的指导性的出版物)。
但是,在服务贸易顺利在GATT多方协定框架内得到处理前,还有很多问题在等待着被解决。这些问题包括:术语的定义,,,
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