动词不定式的作宾语
区别:不定式作为宾语与作为状语的区别即为在句中所充当的句子成分不同。
不定式作为宾语即该主句的宾语是由不定式充当,其逻辑主语就为该句的主语。
如:Today I decide to finish my homework first before going to play basketball with my friends.
(宾语成分:to finish my homework,before之后为状语成分)
不定式作为状语时,该句基本句子结构成分主谓(宾)已完整,不定式在句中作为状语的作用是进一步补充说明,使句意更为完整。不定时作为状语可表目的、原因、结果等。
如:
a. I usually study hard to pass the final exam.(表目的)
b. The girl is very excited to meet her old friends.(表原因)
c. The stone is too heavy to move it.(表结果)
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有:
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)
想要学习 早打算( want learn plan)
快准备 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供选择(agree offer choose)
决定了 已答应(decide be determined promise)
尽力去 着手做(manage undertake)
别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend)
失败不是属于你(fail)
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
*注意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语
afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到),appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望)
举例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式
decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。如:
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
I find it difficult to learn English well.
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