语言哲学研究什么？
哲学
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主题 哲学主题首页
“哲学”这个词最早出自希腊文的“φιλοσοφος”(philosophia)，即“philo-”(喜爱)和“sophia”(智慧)（爱智慧）。19世纪70年代，日本最早的西方哲学传播者西周借用古汉语译作“哲学”，1896年前后康有为等将日本的译称介绍到中国，后渐渐通行。在西方，哲学一词通常用来说明一个人对生活的某种看法（例如某人的“人生哲学”）和基本原则（例如价值观、思想、行为）。而在学术上的哲学，则是对这些基本原则的理性根据的质疑、反思，并试图对这些基本原则进行理性的重建。
最早哲学的范围涵盖所有的知识层面。它一直是人类最抽象的知识研究。对哲学一词的介绍最初来自希腊思想家毕达哥拉斯。
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* 8 参见
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哲学与科学的关系
从学术史看，科学是哲学的衍生物。后来，科学独立为与哲学并行的学科。科学与哲学有互动关系。科学产生知识，哲学产生思想。马克思主义认为，哲学也是一种社会意识形态。现代西方哲学中有科学哲学，是专门研究有关科学的理论。这种理论研究了科学的历史，为科学总结了许多理论模型，但这也只是解释了科学，并不是可以指导科学。哲学是人类了解世界的一种特殊方式，是使人崇高起来的一门学问。
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哲学的价值
哲学之应当学习并不在于它能对于所提出的问题提供任何确定的答案，因为一般不可能知道有什么确定的答案是真确的，而是在于这些问题本身；原因是，这些问题可以扩充我们对于一切可能事物的概念，丰富我们心灵方面的想象力，并且减低教条式的自信，这些都可能禁锢心灵的思考作用。此外，尤其在于通过哲学冥想中的宇宙之大，心灵会变得伟大起来，因而就能够和那成其为至善的宇宙结合在一起。
哲学也可以说是理性对于信仰的研究。
哲学是对世界的关于终极意义的解释，它在解释中使我们了解世界，使世界在我们的意识中合理化，从而为我们提供心灵的慰借。
哲学还是对人的自我一种定位的工具。
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哲学理论
利他主义 —— 反现实主义 —— 佛教哲学 —— 儒家思想 —— 享乐主义 —— 唯物主义 —— 唯心主义 —— 理想主义 —— 非现实主义 —— 逻辑正确主义 —— 悲观主义 —— 道家思想 —— 自我主义 —— 悲观主义 —— 理性主义 —— 现实主义 —— 唯美主义 —— 形而上学唯物主义 —— 辩证唯物主义 —— 客观唯心主义 —— 主观唯心主义 —— 非理性主义 —— 斯多噶主义 —— 民族主义——存在主义——形而上学——功利主义 —
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哲学分支
由于研究领域的不同，哲学有很多分支。
* 哲学史
o 东方哲学史
+ 印度哲学
+ 中国哲学史
+ 伊斯兰哲学
+ 日本哲学
o 西方哲学史
+ 古希腊哲学
+ 中世纪哲学
+ 文艺复兴时期哲学
+ 德国古典哲学
+ 俄国哲学
* 马克思主义哲学
o 辩证唯物主义
o 历史唯物主义
o 马克思主义哲学史
* 科学哲学
* 现代哲学
o 生存哲学
o 分析哲学
o 人文哲学
o 解释学
o 符号学
o 实用主义哲学
* 伦理学
o 医学伦理学
o 教育伦理学
o 政治伦理学
o 家庭伦理学
o 生命伦理学
o 生态伦理学
* 美学
o 美学史
o 艺术美学
o 技术美学
* 形而上学
* 现象学
* 过程哲学
* 知识论
* 死亡哲学
* 人生哲学
* 法律哲学
* 心灵哲学
* 墨家哲学
* 当代英美哲学
* 比较哲学
* 当代法国哲学
* 哲学哲学
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与哲学相关学科
* 相对论
* 量子力学
* 混沌学
* 旋理论
* 思维科学
* 人工智能
* 心理学
* 信息论
* 语义学
* 科学社会学
* 逻辑学
* 科学学
* 控制论
* 机械论
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其他与哲学相关的学科
* 宗教哲学
* 政治哲学
* 物理哲学
* 天文哲学
* 化学哲学
* 语言分析哲学
* 佛教哲学
* 教父哲学
* 教育哲学
* 语言哲学
o 日常语言哲学
* 自然哲学
* 经济哲学
* 同一哲学
* 思辩哲学
* 生物学哲学
* 中国哲学史史料学
* 历史哲学
* 易学
* 经学
* 玄学
* 灵源泛哲学体系
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哲学命题
* 自由意志
* 决定论
* 因果律
* 随机性
* 白马非马
* 百姓日用即道
* 悖论
* 变化日新
* 辩者二十一事
* 仁为万物之源
* 体用一源
* 天不变道亦不变
* 天道自然
* 万物皆备于我
* 物极必反
* 心统性情
* 心无本体
* 新故相除
* 形质神用
* 性即理
* 性日生日成
* 一分为二
* 一物两体
* EPR悖论
* 坚白相盈
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参见
认识论 本体论 形而上学 伦理学 美学 哲学范畴 哲学理论 边缘学科 哲学概念 辩证法 哲学团体 方法论 哲学基本问题 科学理论 科学实验 哲学史 哲学家 哲学家列表 哲学思想列表 现代哲学学院详谈
取自"http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6"
页面分类: 文化 | 哲学 | 认知科学
Philosophy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Portal Philosophy Portal
Providing a definition of Philosophy is fraught with difficulty, partially because to do so is itself to engage in philosophy, and partially because the word is used to mean different things.
Philosophy is sometimes seen as a particular method, usually that of rational enquiry. Most philosophical work assumes rationality, although the form of that rationality varies considerably. For instance, Socratic method focuses on questioning technique, analytic philosophy on careful analysis of terms and language. However not all philosophers would agree that rationality is fundamental.
Philosophy can also be seen as the study of a particular subject matter. The topic in this sense is diverse, ranging from the fundamentals of existence Metaphysics through epistemology to ethics.
Other philosophers see it as a process. This might be towards the perfection of the human soul, an answer to the command to Know thyself, or as seeking the Tao, or as Ludwig Wittgenstein proposed, an antidote to certain confusions of language.
Philosophy is also an academic discipline, studied at Universities and colleges worldwide.
In Greek, the word "philosophy" means "love of wisdom", and the word originally included all forms of knowledge and all methods of attaining knowledge. Early scientists, irrespective of their field of study, called themselves "natural philosophers". Through the rise of universities and the separation of learning disciplines, philosophy has taken on a more specialized meaning. Major philosophical problems include: "What do we know?", "How do we know?", and "What is the meaning of life?"
The term can also refer to a worldview, to a perspective on an issue, or to the positions of a particular philosopher or school of philosophy. The phrase "a philosophical attitude" refers to a thoughtful approach to life.
Contents
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* 1 Overview of philosophy
o 1.1 Branches of philosophy
o 1.2 Applied philosophy
+ 1.2.1 Fields of applied philosophy
o 1.3 Philosophical traditions
+ 1.3.1 Western and Eastern philosophy
o 1.4 Non-academic uses of the word
* 2 History of Philosophy
* 3 See also
o 3.1 General philosophy topics
o 3.2 General philosophy lists
o 3.3 History of philosophy
o 3.4 Abrahamic philosophies
* 4 Bibliography
o 4.1 Introductions
+ 4.1.1 For beginners
+ 4.1.2 Topical introductions
+ 4.1.3 Anthologies
o 4.2 Reference works
* 5 External links
o 5.1 Resources
o 5.2 e-Texts
o 5.3 eJournals
o 5.4 Forums
o 5.5 Organizations, websites, and associations
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Overview of philosophy
The word "philosophy" derives from the ancient Greek (Φιλοσοφία, philosophia) and translates to "love of wisdom". It suggests a vocation for questioning, learning, and teaching. Philosophers are curious about the world, humanity, existence, values, understanding, and the nature of things. The origin of philosophy in the West lies with the pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece.
The keynote speech of all western philosophy is attributed to Pythagoras by Sosicrates (relying on Heraclides of Pontus), according to Diogenes Laertius in Lives of Eminent Philosophers, life of Pythagoras (8.8):
"Sosicrates in his Successions of Philosophers says that, when Leon the tyrant of Phlius asked him who he was, he said "A philosopher", and that he compared life to the Great Games, where some went to compete for the prize and others went with wares to sell, but the best (beltistoi) as spectators (theatai); for similarly, in life, some grow up with servile natures, greedy for fame and gain, but the philosopher (philosophos) seeks for truth (aletheia)."
From the verb theorein, "to see". comes theoria, "insight". The word for "seek" there is actually the word for "hunt". The man who loves wisdom hunts for insight. The sceptics subsequently quipped that they were always looking, never finding, and labelled themselves "doubters". But even those who deny insight are claiming the insight of doubt, and the traditions and language of the Greek philosophers survives.
Philosophical thinking also developed elsewhere, and can be seen in many ancient texts. In China, the Tao Te Ching of Lao Tze and the Analects of Kung fu tze (Confucius) both appeared around 600 BC, about the same time as the Greek pre-Socratics were writing. In India, the major philosophical texts are the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita, from circa 500 BC. Islamic civilization also produced many philosophical geniuses (see Islamic philosophy).
Philosophy can be distinguished from other disciplines by its methods of inquiry. Philosophers often frame their questions as problems or puzzles in order to give clear examples of their doubts about a subject they find interesting, wonderful or confusing. Often these questions are about the assumptions behind a belief, or about methods by which people reason.
Philosophers typically frame problems in a logical manner, historically using syllogisms of traditional logic, since Frege and Russell increasingly using formal systems, such as predicate calculus, and then work towards a solution based on critical reading and reasoning. Like Socrates, they search for answers through discussion, responding to the arguments of others, or careful personal contemplation. Philosophers often debate the relative merits of these methods. For example, they may ask whether philosophical solutions are objective, definitive, universal, and say something informative about reality. On the other hand, they may ask whether these solutions give greater clarity or insight into the logic of language, or rather act as personal therapy. Philosophers seek logical justification for the answers to their questions.
Contemporary Western academic philosophy has been divided into two broad traditions since about the nineteenth century: Anglo-American or analytic philosophy and continental philosophy. Both traditions are extremely diverse, and include their own methods of analysis. Broadly speaking, analytic philosophy is distinguished by its focus on analysis and argument, and the Continental tradition distinguished by its sceptical and anti-transcendentalist assumptions and focus on ideas. The areas of interest and problems are largely shared by the two traditions; they differ in their approaches and methods.
Language is the philosopher's primary tool. In the analytic tradition, debates about philosophical method have been closely connected to debates about the relationship between philosophy and language. There is a similar concern in continental philosophy. Meta-philosophy, the "philosophy of philosophy", studies the nature of philosophical problems, philosophical solutions, and the proper method for getting from one to the other. These debates are not less relevant to philosophy as a whole, since the nature and role of philosophy itself has always been an essential part of philosophical deliberations.
Philosophy may also be approached by examining the relationships between components, as in structuralism and recursionism. The nature of science is examined in general terms (see philosophy of science), and for particular sciences, (biophilosophy).
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Branches of philosophy
Philosophers analyse and investigate such concepts as existence or being, morality or goodness, knowledge, truth, and beauty. Philosophers may ask critical questions about the nature of these concepts — questions typically outside the scope of other disciplines, such as science. Several major works of post-medieval philosophy begin by examining the nature of philosophy. Philosophers are motivated by specific questions such as:
* What is truth? How or why do we identify a statement as correct or false, and how do we reason? What is wisdom?
* Is knowledge possible? How do we know what we know? What is unknown? If knowledge is possible, what is known vs. unknown? How do we take what is "known" to extrapolate what is "unknown"?
* Is there a difference between morally right and wrong actions (or values, or institutions)? If so, what is that difference? Which actions are right, and which wrong? Are values absolute, or relative? In general or particular terms, how should I live? How is right and wrong defined? Is there an ultimate "ought"? Is there a normative value or objective that supercedes all others?
* What is reality, and what things can be described as real? What is the nature of those things? Do some things exist independently of our perception? What is the nature of space and time? What is the nature of thought and thinking? What is it to be a person?
* What is it to be beautiful? How do beautiful things differ from the everyday? What is Art? Does true beauty exist?
Socrates
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Socrates
These five broad types of question are called analytical or logical, epistemological, ethical, metaphysical, and aesthetic respectively. They are not the only subjects of philosophical inquiry, and there are many overlaps between the categories which are subsumed within the discipline under the four major headings of Logic, Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology. Aristotle, who was the first to use this classification (as he believed that to call himself "sophos" or wise was immodest), also considered politics (which he saw as part of ethics), modern-day physics, geology, biology, meteorology, and astronomy as branches of philosophical investigation. The Greeks, through the influence of Socrates and his method, developed a tradition of analysis that divided a subject into its components to understand it better.
Lao Zi
Lao Zi
Other traditions did not always use such labels, or emphasize the same themes. While Hindu philosophy has similarities with Western philosophy, there was no word for "philosophy" in Japanese, Korean, or Chinese until the 19th century, despite long-established philosophical traditions. Chinese philosophers, in particular, used different categories than the Greeks. Definitions were not based on common features, but were usually metaphorical and referred to several subjects at once [1]. Boundaries between categories are not distinct in Western philosophy, however, and since at least the 19th century, Western philosophical works have usually addressed a nexus of questions rather than distinct topics.
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Applied philosophy
Though often seen as a wholly abstract field, philosophy is not without practical applications. The most obvious applications are those in ethics – applied ethics in particular – and in political philosophy. The political philosophies of Confucius, Kautilya, Sun Tzu, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Niccolo Machiavelli, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill, Mahatma Gandhi, Robert Nozick, and John Rawls have shaped and been used to justify governments and their actions.
In the field of the philosophy of education, progressive education as championed by John Dewey has had a profound impact on educational practices in the United States in the twentieth century.
Other important applications can be found in epistemology, which might help one to regulate one's notions of what knowledge, evidence, and justified belief are. Two useful ways that epistemology and logic can inform the real world are through the fields of journalism and police investigation. Informal logic has many useful and practical applications, helping citizens to be critical in reading rhetoric and in everyday discussion. Philosophy of science discusses the underpinnings of the scientific method. Aesthetics can help to interpret discussions of art. Even ontology, surely the most abstract and least practical-seeming branch of philosophy, has had important consequences for logic and computer science.
In general, the various "philosophies of," such as philosophy of law, can provide workers in their respective fields with a deeper understanding of the theoretical or conceptual underpinnings of their fields.
Often, philosophy is seen as an investigation into an area not understood well enough to be its own branch of knowledge. What were once merely philosophical pursuits have evolved into the modern day fields of psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics (among others). Computer science, cognitive science and artificial intelligence are modern areas of research that philosophy has played a role in developing.
Moreover, a burgeoning profession devoted to applying philosophy to the problems of ordinary life has recently developed, called philosophical counseling. Many Eastern philosophies can and do help millions of people with anxiety problems through their emphasis on meditation for calming the mind and the connection between the health of the body and the health of the soul.
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Fields of applied philosophy
* Philosophy of education
* Philosophy of history
* Philosophy of language
* Philosophy of law
* Philosophy of mathematics
* Philosophy of mind
* Philosophy of perception
* Philosophy of philosophy (Metaphilosophy)
* Philosophy of physics
* Philosophy of politics
* Philosophy of psychology
* Philosophy of religion
* Philosophy of science
* Philosophy of social sciences
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Philosophical traditions
Members of many societies have considered philosophical questions and built philosophic traditions based upon each other's works. The term "philosophy" in a Euro-American academic context may misleadingly refer solely to the philosophic traditions of Western European civilization. This is also called "Western philosophy", especially when contrasted with "Eastern philosophy", which broadly subsumes the philosophic traditions of Asia. Both terms group together diverse, even incompatible schools of thought.
Eastern and Middle Eastern philosophical traditions have influenced Western philosophers. Russian, Jewish, Islamic and recently Latin American philosophical traditions have contributed to, or been derivative of Western philosophy, yet retain a unique identity.
It is convenient to divide contemporary Western academic philosophy into two traditions, since use of the term "Western philosophy" over the past century has often revealed a bias towards one or the other.
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
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Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
Analytic philosophy is characterized by a precise approach to analysing the language of philosophical questions. The purpose is to lay bare any underlying conceptual confusion. This approach dominates Anglo-American philosophy, but has roots in continental Europe, where it is also practiced. The tradition of analytic philosophy began with Gottlob Frege at the turn of the twentieth-century, and was carried on by Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Continental philosophy is a label for various schools predominant in continental Europe, but also at home in many English-speaking Humanities departments, that may examine language, metaphysical a
所谓的哲学，是依据一切问题都是应用语言所提出的问题和一切问题都要应用语言来解答的基本文化交流原理，在语言应用研究层面对造字法、构词法、组句法、论证法、结章法进行全面研究，应用正义应用语言的智慧，把人类的一切知识都整理到人际交流公通语言应用法理的的学术框架中来，以达成顺畅交流，理法贯通的学问。因而说，所谓的哲学研究的是理论语言应用法理。
在人际文化交流层面，一切正误都是学术批评问题，一切学术批评问题的依据都是依据应用语言的正误来进行批评的。不论对错，批评的依据都是“说法”。“说法”以外，没有正确或错误的共同鉴证学术批评依据。这是对哲学研究内容的反证。
“哲学的首要任务就是对语言进行分析”是一句响亮的口号，分析哲学成为最主要的哲学思潮。随着分析哲学的发展，语言哲学应运而生。有人认为，语言哲学和分析哲学没有什么区别，也有人说，语言哲学是分析哲学的核心内容。不管怎样，在对语言进行分析这一点上，它们是完全一致的。
然而，值得注意的是，分析哲学和语言哲学所强调的分析并不是任意的分析，而是一种逻辑分析，具体地说，这主要是运用现代逻辑的方法进行的分析。想一想，为什么弗雷格说句子的意义是它的思想，句子的意谓是它的真值？为什么罗素认为一个含有摹状词的句子的意思实际上是由三个句子表达的，而且后者含有“至少有一个“和“至多有一个”这样的表达方式？为什么维特根斯坦会从事实出发来探讨世界，再把事实归于句子，从而探讨句子的普遍形式，并最终认为：对不可说的就保持沉默？为什么奎因说存在就是变元的值？为什么克里普克批评弗雷格和罗素关于专名和摹状词的理论，认为他们没有考虑可能世界的情况？为什么达米特认为意义理论是由关于涵义的理论和关于指称的理论组成的？为什么戴维森认为他的意义理论是基于塔尔斯基的理论而形成的一种真之理论？如此等等。所有这些都是语言哲学中非常重要的问，但是它们背后都有十分深刻的逻辑背景和思想。仔细深入地进行分析，我们就会发现，在这些问题上所体现出来的都不是简单表面的语言分析，而是深刻地道的逻辑分析。
什么是哲学?谢谢!
该是哲学这门学科最基本的规定,但凡学习哲学的人都要从这个问题开始,如果一个学习或研究哲学的人说他不知道哲学是什么,那似乎是一件很可笑很滑稽很不可思议的事情。然而,这的确是事实。我们说它复杂就是因为迄今为止它仍然是一个问题,而且很可能永远是一个问题。 换言之,“哲学是什么”这个问题至今尚未有终极的...
哲学的概念是什么?
哲学是世界观与方法论，是关于世界的本质、发展的根本规律、人的思维与存在的根本关系的理论体系。长期以来，人们把哲学等同于形而上学，又把形而上学等同于玄学。就哲学研究外部世界的本原和一般本质来讲，把哲学说成形而上学没错，但把哲学说成玄学，就把哲学和科学对立起来。任何一门学科，只要有明确...
语言和哲学有关系么
维特根斯坦是现代哲学中语言学派（大约相当于分析哲学的分支）的主要代表人物.他思想的最初源泉主要来自弗雷格的现代逻辑学成果、罗素与怀特海写的《数学原理》和G.E.摩尔的《伦理学原理》.他的哲学主要研究的是语言,他想揭示当人们交流时,表达自己的时候到底发生了什么.他主张哲学的本质就是语言.语言是...
什么叫哲学
哲学（英语：Philosophy，希腊语：Φιλοσοφία），是对基本和普遍之问题的研究。其按其词源有「爱智慧」之意。哲学是有严密逻辑系统的宇宙观，它研究宇宙的性质、宇宙内万事万物演化的总规律、人在宇宙中的位置等等一些很基本的问题。哲学就是元知识、元理学，即所谓大道至简。哲学任务就...
哲学和哲理是什么?
涉及实在、逻辑、知识、道德、美学、语言及意识等概念。在日常中，哲学一词可以是指一种宗旨、主张，或者理念。简单来说，哲理是对一些经验的概括总结，哲学是一种思维方式，一种系统的理论研究。每种哲学都有各自的世界观和方法论。哲理是建立在世界观基础上的认识论的一种具体表现。
学哲学有什么用?
哲学对于很多普通人来说都是非常高深莫测的，而且很多人对于哲学都会感觉到有一种高大上的感觉。而日常生活中，我们学习哲学不仅可以帮助我们培养新思维，也可以锻炼我们的头脑。哲学思维其实本身就和我们日常生活中思考是不一样的思维，这是一种全新的认识思维能力。哲学思维其实是一种非常具有系统性的思维...
什么是哲学?
黑格尔:哲学是一种特殊的思维运动,哲学是对绝对的追求。爱因斯坦:哲学是全部科学之母。诺瓦利斯:哲学是怀着乡愁的冲动到处寻找精神家园的活动。 冯友兰:哲学就是对于人生的有系统的反思的思想。胡适:凡研究人生且要的问题,从根本上着想,要寻求一个且要的解决”这样的学问叫做哲学。 哲学名言名句汇总 哲学的意蕴就...
哲学是指什么?它是什么时候有的。
在人类文明而言，哲学就是研究和思考人类如何理解和改造社会实践的。应当是大脑智能(思维)的最高境界。哲学是一种思想方法，哲学可以指导科学实践，可以使人类更好理解科学的知识。可是〝哲学〞不是〝胡思乱想〞，没有现代科学知识就不是客观的体验。哲学包含科学思维，但是哲学并不单纯是科学。〝哲学〞是...
哲学思想是什么?有什么特点?
照此意,哲学就是求智慧的学问。哲学- 定义 所谓哲学,就是研究客观世界上的一切普遍规律的科学,就是研究自然界和人类社会发展中的一切普遍规律的科学,就是通过研究自然界、人类认识、人类种族和人类社会发展中的一切普遍规律,为人类认识、人类种族和人类社会的发展提供一切普遍适用的科学的认识方法和实践方法的科学。
研究哲学有什么好处?
一层意思是说，哲学是对于人生的一种反思。这种反思活动，应当说人人都会有。另一层意思是说，作为哲学的这样一种人类活动，它是对于人生的有系统的反思，也就是说，能够系统地反思人生的活动叫哲学活动；而进行这种活动的人呢，就是哲学家了。系统地反思人生的哲学，它同其他科学的区别在什么地方？除了...
语注通迪： 语言哲学包括三方面的内容: 其一:特指语言学哲学,是对意义,同义词,句法,翻译等语言学共相进行哲学思考,并且对语言学理论的逻辑地位和验证方式进行研究的学科,它是科学哲学的特殊分支,与物理学哲学,心理学哲学,心理学哲学等并列的学科. 其二:语言哲学,包括基于自然语言或人工语言的结构和功能的任何一种概念的研究.举例来说,亚里斯多德关于存在的哲学思考,罗素的特称描述语理论,莱尔关于心灵概念的著作,都在这类研究的范围之内. 最后,语言的哲学,是对关于语言本质,语言与现实的关系等内容的哲学性质的论著. 这三大类又可划分不同小类,语言是哲学的工具所以有很多哲学家都在研究语言哲学,以使其更加严谨准确.
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 语言哲学的介绍 - ？
语注通迪： 广义地说,语言哲学(linguistic philosophy),是当代西方哲学家对语言现象研究的观点和理论,是分析哲学的一个支派或变种,因为其所用的方法是对语言进行逻辑分析,是以现代数理逻辑的运用为基础的.语言哲学是现代西方哲学中影响最大、成果最为卓著的一个哲学流派.加强对语言哲学基本理论、基本方法的研究对于哲学学科的创新和发展具有极其重要的意义.
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 语言哲学究竟是个什么东西?？
语注通迪： 意义理论是语言哲学的核心议题.
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 什么是语言?语言哲学又是什么.逻辑有那么重要吗. - ？
语注通迪：[答案] 语言哲学是现代西方哲学中英美哲学的一个流派,由弗雷格、罗素创立,主张通过语词、逻辑的分析澄清语词的误用,阐释人如何通过经验到语言再到知识的学问.逻辑当然重要,联合国教科文组织规定的六大基础学科之一.
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 语言哲学和语言学有什么区别? - ？
语注通迪： 看来你是一个稍微语言学研究生?同道中人咯?? 首先说,根据认知语言学: 认知语言学的一个分支学科,语言学,第二代认知科学和经验的哲学理论背景,反对的主流语言学转换生成语法,初具规模,在20世纪80年代后期到20世纪90年代诞...
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 谈谈对当代西方语言哲学的理解 - ？
语注通迪： 我认为,当代西方哲学家们在对逻辑哲学的理解上,有两点应该说是基本一致的.第一,他们都认为逻辑哲学是在逻辑的基础上对各种关涉逻辑的不同的哲学考虑的反思;第二,都基本承认逻辑哲学研究的是逻辑特别是现代逻辑中的哲学问题....
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 什么是马克思主义的语言哲学 - ？
语注通迪： 沿着恩格斯的经典文献《劳动在从猿到人转变过程中的作用》开辟的马克思主义语言哲学轨道,沃洛希诺夫的《马克思主义与语言哲学》和詹明信的《语言的牢笼》成为马克思主义语言哲学承前启后的宝贵思想财产.马克思强调的是语言的“实践性”;沃洛希诺夫突出的是语言的“对话性”;詹明信凸显的是语言的“辨正性”.马克思主义语言哲学是在批判两种语言哲学流派的基础上建立起来的,为两种语言哲学流派的对立提供了融合、对话的可能,为我们重新审视英美经验主义语言学和欧陆先验语言学传统提供了超越二元对立/非此即彼的视角.
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 什么是描写语言学,历史语言学历史比较语言学,普通语言学? - ？
语注通迪： 描写语言学是和历史语言学相对,即截取某一历史阶段的语言,对其语音、词汇、语法等结构要素进行观察、描写、分析、研究.历史语言学(historical linguistics),亦称越时语言学(diachronic linguistics),是一门研究语言变化的学科....
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 谈谈你对当代西方语言哲学的理解 - ？
语注通迪： 语言-当代西方哲学的核心话题. 虽然语言在哲学中的地位得到一致公认,但各种流派对待语言却有很大分别. 按照一般的划分: 英美分析哲学家侧重语言结构分析-如维特根斯坦,斯特劳森等 大陆哲学解释学家侧重“语义学”-如迦达摩尔,利科等 大陆社会哲学家侧重语用学-如哈贝马斯等
宽城满族自治县15927621776： 为什么很多哲学家都搞语言学 - ？
语注通迪： 首先,人类的全部思想都是靠语言表达、记录、传承的,语言形式本身当中就蕴涵了丰富的思想性,甚至可以反过来验证语言的内容.其次,在不断的哲学思考后,哲学家们发现很多哲学问题其实是人们在语言上存在逻辑错误造成的,要想解决这些哲学问题就要发现并解决这些语言问题;最后,哲学和数学一样严谨,却要复杂千百倍,且其推理过程远比解N元方程式容易出错.数学家还要对数字和数学符号进行严格定义,公理、定理严格准确,哲学家当然也要对他们的工具——语言进行严格审查了.
