高中英语，定语从句

求高中英语定语从句思维导图急急急急急~

一、定语从句的定义。
用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。定语从句通常皆置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后，这种名词(或代词)叫做先行词(antecedent)。引导宾语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。如：
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的那个学生是约翰。(who answered the question是关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰who先行词student，who在从句中用作主语)
I know the reason why he was so angry. 我知道他这么生气的原由。(why he was so angry是关系副词引导的定语从句，用以修饰why的先行词reason，why在从句中用作原因状语)
定语从句一般紧跟其先行词之后。如：
The room which served for studio was bare and dusty. 这个用作工作室的房间空荡荡的，布满灰尘。(关系代词which引导的定语从句紧跟其先行词room之后)
有时亦可与先行词分离。如：
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新教师教你们德语了。(关系代词who引导的定语从句与其先行词master分离)
二、关系代词的用法。
用作关联词的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which等。who，whom，whose指人，who是主格，在从句中用作主语(在非正式英语中亦可用作宾语);whom是宾格，在从句中用作宾语;whose是属格，在从句中用作定语(有时亦可指物)。如：
The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(主格关系代词who在从句中用作主语)
The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(在非正式英语中who 代替了whom，亦可省去不用)
I know the man whom you mean. 我认识你指的那个人。(宾语关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语)
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 失去父母的孩子叫做孤儿。(属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指人)
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指room，可代之以of which，但后者较为正式)
that在从句中既可用作主语，亦可用作宾语（在非正式文体中可省去）；既可指人，亦可指物，但在当代英语中多指物。如：
A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. 用铅笔写的信很难读。(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，指物)
The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important. 昨天他来的信很重要。(关系代词that在从句中用作宾语，指物)
Is he the man that sells eggs? 他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，指人)
关系代词which在从句中可以用作主语和宾语，一般皆指物，在非正式文体中可以省去。
This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages. 这就是那本有多种译本的书。(关系代词which在从句中用作主语)
Where is the book which I bought this morning? 今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿?(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语，可省去)
which在从句中亦可用作定语和表语。如：
We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took. 我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。(关系代词which在从句中用作定语)
The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact, they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上真是如此。(关系代词which在从句中用作表语)
as，than，but亦可用作关系代词。如：
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand. 两兄弟对这个决定都满意，它事先已经他们同意了。(关系代词as在从句中用作主语，其先行词是this decision)
He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 他是个外国人，我是从他的口音知道的。(关系代词as在从句中用作宾语，其先行词是前面的整个句子)
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(关系代词as与指示代词such连用，在从句中用作宾语，其先行词是such stories)
Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 她对他的态度同她惯常的态度完全一样。(关系代词as与指示代词same连用，在从句中用作表语，其先行词是same)
You spent more money than was intended to be spent. 你花的钱超过了预定的数额。(关系代词than在从句中用作主语，其先行词是money)
There are very few but admire his talents. 很少人不赞赏他的才干的。(关系代词but在从句中用作主语，其先行词是few，but=who don’t)
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如：
This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。(关系代词用作介词for宾语，之首，即which之前)
This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。(介词for置于从句之末，which在此可省去)
关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时，介词须置于句末。如：
The people you were talking to are Swedes. 你与之谈话的那些人是瑞典人。(关系代词主格who用作介词to宾语时，介词to须置于从句之末，who中口语中可省去)
Here is the car that I told you about. 这儿就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。(关系代词that用作介词about宾语，介词about须置于从句之末)
有时从句还有其它成分，介词则置于从句之中。如：
This is the boy who he worked with in the office. 那就是与他一道办公的那个男孩。
先行词指人时，关系代词既可用who，亦可用that。但关系代词在从句之中用作主语时，多用主格who。如：
Persons who are quarrelsome are despised. 好争吵者遭轻视。(除外persons，还有people，those，等皆多用who)
All who heard the story were amazed. 听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。(代词如he，they，any，all，one等之后多用who)
I will pardon him who is honest. 我愿意宽恕他，他是诚实的。(描述性定语从句用who)
I think it is you who should prove to me. 我认为是你应该向我提出证据。(在强调结构中多用who，who在此可省去)
Who is not for us is against us. 谁不赞成我们就是反对我们。(缩合连接代词who为可代之以that)
在下列一些情况中则多用that。如：
)He was the man that the bottle fell on. 他就是瓶子落在其身上的那个人。(此处常用that作宾语指人，亦可用whom)
He is a man that is never at a loss. 他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。(that常用于泛指人)
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. 我望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。(兼指人与物时须用that)
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?(避免与先行词who重复时应用that)
That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. 这个与前天求援的是同一个人。(先行词前有指示代词same时应用that)
He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(that常用作表语)
I knew her father for the simplest, hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life. 我早知她的父亲是一个世上最简朴最努力工作的人。(先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only等词时应用that)
先行词指物时，关系代词that与which往往可以互换。但在下列情况中多用that。如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西不都是金子。(不定代词包括复合词something等多后接that)
It was the largest map that I ever saw. 那是我所看见过的最大的地图。(前有形容词最高级等的先行词之后多用that)
It was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life. 是解放给他的生活带来了彻底的改变。(强调结构用that)
There is a house that has bay windows. 有一栋房子有凸出的窗户。(that在此表固有的特点)
The distance that you are from home is immaterial. 你离家的距离是不足道的。(在限制性定语从句中关系代词用作表语应用that，在描述性定语从句中则应用which)
Which was the hotel that was recommended to you? 哪一个是推荐给你的旅馆?(这里用that显然是为了避免重复which)
在下列情况中则多用which。如：
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. 拉里把我在书本开关叙述过的那个关于一个青年飞行员的故事讲给她听。(离先行词较远时常用which)
A store should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应存在最畅销的货物。(“those+复形名词”之后多用which)
I have that which you gave me. 我有你给我的那个。(which比较正式，在非正式英语中也可用that)
Beijing, which was China’s capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京曾是八百多年的中国首都，有很丰富的历史文物。(描述性定语从句一般皆用which)
This is the one of which I’m speaking. 这就是我所讲的那个。(介词之后须用which)
用作关联词的关系副词有when，where，why等。when在从句中用作时间状语，其先行词须是表时间的名词。如：
We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们打算把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能转好。(关系副词when的先行词是next week)
He came last night when I was out. 他昨晚来时我出去了。(关系副词when的先行词是last night)
since，before，after亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：
Every hour since I came has been most enjoyable. 我来之后的每一个小时都是非常好玩的。(since用作关系副词)
On the day before we left home there came a snowstorm. 在我们离家的前一天，下了一场暴风雪。(before用作关系副词)
The year after she had finished college she spent abroad. 她大学毕业后的一年是在国外度过的。(after用作关系副词)
that有时亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：
It happened on the day that I was born. 那件事是在我出生的那一天发生的。(that=when)
Little do I remember the day that I first met her. 我几乎不记得与她初次见面的日子。
where在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。如：
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s “The Doll’s House”. 他们去皇家剧院看了易卜生的《傀儡家庭》。
The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath. 麦克白遇见女巫的地方是一片荒原。
where的先行词亦可是有地点含义的抽象名词。如：
He has reached the point where a change is needed. 他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。(where的先行词point是抽象名词)
why在从句中用作原因状语，其先行词只有reason。如：
That is no reason why you should leave. 那不是你必须离开的原因。(why先行词是reason)
He refused to disclose the reason why he did it. 他拒绝透露他做那件事的原因。(why先行词是reason)
有时why可以省去。如：
That’s one of the reasons I asked you to come. 那是我要你来的原因之一。(reasons后省去why)
有时why可用that代替。如：
The reason that he died was lack of medical care. 他死于缺乏医疗。(why由that代替)
当先行词为the way的时候，关系副词也可以用that，例如：
This is the way that he solved the problem. 这是他解决问题的方法。
I don't like the way that he talks. 我不喜欢他说话的样子。
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用。因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前一般不用逗号。如：
What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter? 给我们带信的那个男孩叫什么名字?
There is much which will be unpleasing to the English reader. 有许多东西将会使英国读者不愉快。
The teacher told us that Tom was the only person that was reliable. 老师告诉我们，汤姆是惟一可依赖的人。
I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park. 我永远不会忘记我们在公园相见的那一天。
Is there a store around where we can get fruit? 附近有可以买到水果的商店吗?
Do you know the reason why I came late? 你知道我迟到的原故吗?
非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，用逗号与先行词分开。因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。that一般不引导非限制性定语从句。如：
I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow. 我喜欢与约翰交谈，他是个聪明人。
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten years. 我又一次来到了波士顿，我有十年没有到这里来了。
非限制性定语从句形式上是从句，其功能实质上相当于一个分句。如：
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。(who实际上=and she)
When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics. 他17岁时，到瑞士苏黎世一专科学校上学，他在那里学习数学和物理学。(where=and there)
有时描述性定语从句的含义相当于一个状语从句。如：
We don’t like the room, which is cold. 我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。(which is cold=since it is cold)
He said he was busy, which was untrue. 他说他很忙，其实不然。(which was untrue=though it was untrue)
I want him, who knows some English. 我要他，他懂得些英语。(who knows some English=for he knows some English)

定语从句50题
1. 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
37.
















参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
希望能解决您的问题。

答案：B.

翻译：学校自己也承认，不是所有的孩子都会在他们为之而正在接受培训/训练的工作/职业中成功。

解释：
1. 定语从句如果使用关系代词，必须记住关系代词等同于先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
2. 此题中，which = the job，做介词for的宾语，代入定语从句中为：
for which they are being trained
= they are being trained for which
= they are being trained for the job
句意为：他们正在为了这份职业而被培训/训练
3. 如果使用in which，则定语从句为：
in which they are being trained
= they are being trained in which
= they are being trained in the job
句意为：他们正在工作中被培训/训练
4. 两相比较，肯定是for which更符合句意。

不知道C选项是什么。不过train for sth.这个短语的意思是为某事而进行的培训。

这句话的翻译就是：校方承认，在接受此项工作培训的孩子当中，不是所有的人都能有所成就。

希望可以帮到你！

trian sb for 为。。。而培养/培训/训练某人 是固定的搭配 因此在要用B

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