what how which when that 在从句中的用法都表示什么

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由which和what引导的宾语从句的区别~

1、I want to know what book you like to read.
2、I want to know whick book you like to read best of the three.
在上面这两句话种,可以很清楚的看到what &which的区别
what 没有范围
which 是在有范围之内的一种选择
宾语从句
一、定义:
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句可以用连词that,连接代词who,whom,what,which;连接副词 how,when,where以及if和whether引起.连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分,if或whether表示疑问,而that没有意义仅起连接作用.
二、宾语从句的分类:
1. 作动词的宾语从句:
如:Everyone knows that he is a good student.
He wondered how the pyramids were built.
2. 作介词宾语:
如:This depends on how hard you work.
Is there anything wrong in what I said?
3. 作形容词的宾语:
如:They are confident that they can do the job well.
I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.
三:使用宾语从句要注意的问题:
1. 宾语从句引导词that的省略:
在非正式场合下,that在引导宾语从句时,可以省略.
如:I think (that) you are right.
2. 形式宾语it:
如果宾语从句后面跟有补语,要用形式宾语it来代替,而将从句放到补语的后面去.如:He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901.
3.宾语从句的时态呼应:
如果主句的谓语是过去时,宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整.但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念,其谓语时态仍用一般现在时.
如:He said that he had left his umbrella in the library.
The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
4. 宾语从句否定意义的转移:
在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句宾语变为肯定形式.
如:I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.
I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.
5.一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气:
一般说来,在一些表示坚持(insist),命令(order,command),建议(suggest,advise),要求(require,demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中,谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语中常省略,但是引导从句的that通常不省略):
如:She suggested that we (should) leave early.
He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane.
6.whether 与 if
引导介词宾语从句时,只能用 whether,不用if;与“or not”连用时,一般用whether,不用if.
如:I am interested in whether he'll go abroad.
We don't know whether he will come or not.
7.宾语从句的语序
连接词后面为陈述语序.
如:I don’t know what your name is.
8.直接引语变为间接引语
间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词.陈述用say/tell,疑问用ask/wonder,而祈使用 tell/order,建议用advise/suggest.注意这些动词后面的结构和语气.
如:“Could you get some tea for me?” Mr.Blake said to his wife.
→Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him.
“Shall we go dancing tonight?”John said.
→John suggested they should go dancing tonight.
状语从句
状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等.状语从句
都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号.
状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间,原因,条件,比较,结果,目的等类.下面我们拣重点
的一个一个来分析.
时间状语从句:是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从
属连词引导的状语从句.
时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或
存在的状态.
如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
原因状语从句: because, since, as和for都表示原因.常常令我们不知该用哪个好.我们来
比较一下.
because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因.当能够很明显的看出原因
或人们已知原因,就用as或since.
如:I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible.
由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替.但如果不是说明直
接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.
如:He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.
目的状语从句:表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导.如:
You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.
结果状语从句:结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导,要掌握和区分这两个句型,
首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词.such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修
饰形容词或副词.so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配.
如:The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
让步状语从句:是由though, although 引导的状语从句.
though, although 和 but不能同时使用.
Although it rained, they had a good time.
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子.
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which,as .
关系副词有:when, where, why ,how .
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分.当关系代词做宾语时可以省略.
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致.
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.
1 、关系代词引导的定语从句
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),
例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c)多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend .
②先行词为those , people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .
③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work .
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you .
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词.
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard .
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does .
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that.
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water .
c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行词既有人,又有物时.
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited .
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复.
Who is the person that is standing at the gate .
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be .
2 、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1)when, where, why,how
关系副词when, where, why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I’m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem .
注意:
①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词.
如:They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves .
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面.
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for ?
3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten .
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard .
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia .
4、 as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别:
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'的意思.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法区别:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.
As we all know , he never smokes .
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which..
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect , think , suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时.
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected .
(4)As 的用法 the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….
I should like to use the same tool as is used here .
We should have such a dictionary as he is using .

种类关联词例句说明主 语 从 句连词thatThat he will come and help you is certain.他来帮助你是确实无疑的。that在引导主语从句时不可省去whetherWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。连接代词whowhatwhichwhateverWhat he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 主语从句放在句首,句子常显得笨重,因此一般连接副词whenwherewhyhowIt is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。把它移到句子后面,前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。宾语从句陈述意义 that I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。疑问意义ifwhetherI wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好。whether常与or not连用,不能用if代替。作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。从句是否定句时一般用if引导。特殊疑问意义who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where, why,how,whoever,whatever,whicheverPlease tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么?She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。注1 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,将从句后置。We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。注2think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句,要将从句中的否定形式,移到主句中。We don’t think you are right. 我们认为你不对。I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做的。表语从句连词thatwhetheras ifThe problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。It looks as if it’s going to rain.看起来天要下雨。在非正式的文体中that可以省去 表语从句位于主句系动词之后连接代词whowhatwhichThat’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁(你们哪一位)接着发言。连接副词whenwherewhyhowThis is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。同位语从句由连词that引导,不担任成分,也可有when, how, where等引导。The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。

英语疑问词what,how,who,why,where,when,which,
whose(8wh)的用法.
因为今天早上下雨,所以小明上学迟到了。 When why who where what
一、what 什么
用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等 1. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字? 2. What’s your father?你爸爸是干什么的? 3.What is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么? What time 什么时间 用来问时间
What time is it? 几点了? What time is it now? 现在几点了?
What colour 什么颜色 用来问颜色
1.waht colour is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色? 2.what colour is your book?你的书本是什么颜色?
What about 怎么样
用来征求意见或询问感受等,大多用于承接上面的同样问题 1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样? 2.what about you? 你呢? 3.what about your dad?你爸爸呢? What day 星期几 用来问星期几
1.what day is it today? 今天星期几? 2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期几?
What date 什么日期

英语关联词用法
英语关联词 —并列连词 1
并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系. 1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分. 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week
2)连接分句:I went and she also. 2.可分别表示下列关系.
1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe- less
2) 因果:so, for, therefore 3) 选择r, either…or, neither…nor 英语关联词 —并列连接词 2
4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also) 英语关联词 —关联词 关联词 用于引导从句.
1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is. 2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to you.
3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever taught.
英语关联词 —连接词 1
关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键. 1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分. 1) that(无含义):
I said that he was wrong.
2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don't know whether it is correct. 英语关联词 —连接词 2 2.连接代词
1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和 定语.
A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语: Ask him which he wants. 英语关联词 —关联词 3
C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定

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语:
I wonder whose house that is. D. what 做上面提及的各种成分: I don't know what I should do. What can be done
2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语. We can't decide whom to invite. We must decide what to do. I couldn't decide which to choose. 英语关联词 —关联词 4
3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句 中做状语.
1) how: That's how I look at it. 2) where: I don't know where he lives. 3) when: Tell me when to use the tool. 4) why: I'll tell you why you have to do it.
英语关联词 —关系词 1 4.关系代词
1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语 who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用 的介词):
The man who spoke is my teacher. I don't know who he is.
The man who I saw told me that. 2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me that. 英语关联词 —关系词 2
3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示 "某物的", 在从句中做定语: That's the man whose son is my pupil.
The room whose window faces south is her bedroom.
The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. 英语关联词 —关系词 3
4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语: I like the picture which was taken
in front of the main building.
5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注 意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法.

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A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时: This is the best film that I've ever seen.
英语关联词 —关系词 4
B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every.
This is the last chance that you have.
You are the only friend that I have.
He told me all that he knew. 英语关联词 —关系词 5
C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时: much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody.
There's nothing in the world that can frighten him.
D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中 的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that. Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6 E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时: The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语.
A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所 在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可 放在其所在的从句的句尾. Is this the car for which you paid a high price
英语关联词 —关系词 7 Is this the car which you paid a high price for
Is this the car that you paid a high price for
Is this the car you paid a high price for
B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)
"分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关 系代词的前面:
英语关联词 —关系词 8
The years during which he was away were long years to her.
He wrote many books, some of which
C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必 须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking for. 7)关系代词的省略. A.关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is coming. 英语关联词 —关系词 9 B.that在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him first.
He is not the man he was when I saw him first.
5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语. 1)where 地点:
That's one point where I'd like your advice.
英语关联词 —关系词 10 2) when 时间:
At the time when I saw him, he was ill.
3) why 原因:
That is the reason why I came so early.
4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did it.
英语关联词 —关系词 11 That was the first time (that) I saw him.
The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/ where he works. 6)for which = why

I don't the reason for which he left. 英语关联词 —关系词 12 7)on which = when
The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988.

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问具体的日期
1.What’s the date today? 今天是几号? 2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是几号?
What …for 为何目的
用来问目的,在一定情况下只可以与why互换 What did you buy that for? 你为什么要买那个?
二、when 什么时候 用来问时间
1.when do you get up?你什么时候起床? 2. when did you go there? 你什么时候去的那里?
三、where 哪里 用来问地点
1. where is my ruler? 我的尺子在哪里? 2.where are you from? 你是哪里人? 3. where are you going to ? 你打算去哪里?
四、which 哪一个
用来问具体的哪一个
1. which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节? 2.which class are you in?你在哪一个班? 3.which one is my pen?哪一个是我的钢笔?
五、who 谁
用来问人物是谁
1.who is that boy?那个男孩是谁?
2. who are you going to with? 你打算和谁一起去? 3. Who is that pretty lady?那个漂亮的女士是谁?
六、whose 谁的
用来问东西是谁的
1. whose bag is this? 这是谁的包?
2.whose bike is yellow? 谁的自行车是黄色的?

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七、why 为什么 用来问原因
1.why do you like spring? 你为什么喜欢春天? 2. why did you go there? 你为什么去那里? 八、how 怎么样
用来询问身体等状况
1. how are you? 你好吗?
2. how is your mother? 你妈妈好吗? How old 几岁 用来问年龄
1.how old are you? 你几岁了?
2. how old is your father? 你爸爸多大了?
How long 多长 用来问长度
1.how long are your legs? 你的腿多长? 2. how long is your pencil? 你的铅笔多长? How big 多大
用来问物体的大小
1.How big is your bedroom? 你的卧室多大? How tall 多高 用来问高度
2.How tall is your brother? 你弟弟有多高?
How heavy 多重 用来问重量
1.How heavy are you? 你有多重?
2.How heavy is this box? 这个箱子有多重?
How far
多远 用来问路程
1.How far can you dive under the water? 在水下你能游多远? 2. How far is it from here? 从这儿去有多远?
How many 多少 用来问数量
1.How many apples do you have? 你有多少苹果? 2.How many days are there in a year?一年有多少天?
How much 多少钱 用来问价格
1.how much is this dress? 这个连衣裙多少钱? 2.how much are these desks? 这些桌子多少钱?
How about 怎么样
用来征求意见或询问感受等,大多用于承接上面的同样问题,用法与what about相同 1. how about you? 你呢?
2. how about that shirt? 那件衬衣怎么样?

  what对物体提问,意思是什么
  that一般引导宾语从句和定语从句
  which意思是哪一个
  when对时间提问
  where是地点副词,对地点提问,意思是哪里
  how对方式提问,意思是怎样,也可引导感叹句
  例句:
  1.Dr. Johnson: What's the matter with you, Mrs. Lee?
  约翰逊大夫:你怎么啦,李太太?
  2.How much did that bag cost?
  那个书包要多少钱?
  3.But did not know which insurance company buys.
  但不知道买哪个保险公司的。
  4.He said when he saw me with you.
  他说看到我和你在一起…
  5.Did not know you thought where I am at to wait for you quite to be appropriate?
  不知道你认为我在哪里等你比较妥当呢?
  6.How much beef does she need?
  她需要多少牛肉?

分别表示:
what对物体提问,意思是什么
how对方式提问,意思是怎样,也可引导感叹句
which意思是哪一个
when对时间提问
that一般引导宾语从句和定语从句
这几个词简称:”4w1h“,在使用中需要加以区分

你好!
what how which when that
什么

如何
哪个
什么时候
那个

疑问词what、which、how、when与从属连接词that都可以引导一句宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词,主要分为以下几类。
that——本身无字义,在从句中不充当任何成分。
whether、if——本身有字义,但在从句中不充当任何成分。
what、who、when、where、why、how、which、whom、whose——疑问词引导从句时本身有字义,且在从句中充当一定的句子成分,并且要用陈述句的语序,如:
She said that she was sick.
她说她生病了。
I don't know if it's right for her.
我不知道这是否适合她。
I don't know if I can get a good job in Los Angeles.
我不知道我在洛杉矶能不能得到一份好工作。
I wonder if a move would be a bad thing for her.
我不知道搬家对她而言是不是件坏事。
He asked me if I wanted the job.
他问我要不要这份工作。
I wonder what the problem is.
我不知道这个问题出在哪里。
I don't know where they are.
我不知道他们在哪里。
I don't understand why they didn't come.
我不理解他们为什么没有来。
We'd like to know what the young people want.
我们想知道年青人想要什么。
We'd like to hear what Robbie thinks about it.
我们想听罗比是怎样想的。
We don't know where he went.
我们不知道他去了哪里。


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秘狄乐脉:[答案] what:什么 (表物) / who:谁(表人) / whose:谁的(表人)/ which:哪个(表物) / when:什么时候(表时间)/ where:哪里(表地点)/ how:怎样,如何(表方式)/ why:为什么(表原因)/

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