谈读书培根原文拼音

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谈读书培根原文拼音如下：

"Of Studies"

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness, and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business; for, expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels.

And the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar; they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience.

For natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use.

But that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

That is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments.

And the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh(makes) a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man; and, therefore,if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little.

He had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth(does) not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. 'Abeunt studia in mores.'1—nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit.

But may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises—bowling is good for the stone and reins, shooting for the lungs and breast, gentle walking for the stomach, riding for the head, and the like; so if a man's wit be wandering.

Let him study the mathematics, for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again; If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen, for they are 'cumini sectores2;" If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another.

Let him study the lawyers' cases—so every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

本文赏析：

这篇随笔的写法不同一般，它论述的范围相当广泛，但语言十分简练，几乎一句就是一个观点。大体上可以分为三个层次。

第一，从开头到“全凭观察得之”，阐述读书的正确目的。先从正面说，读书有三种不同的目的：怡情、博彩和长才。重点阐述读书的好处。而后从反面指出读书中的三种偏向，并论述读书和经验的关系：相互补充、相辅相成。最后指出只有明察事理的人才能够读书用书，而用书的智慧是在观察生活中得来的。

第二，从“读书时不可存心诘难作者”到“始能无知而显有知”，阐述读书的方法。指出读书要仔细思考，反对故意挑刺、迷信书本和仅限于文字推求。主张对不同的书采用不同的读法，或选读，或浏览，或通读，或精读，有的书可只读摘要。在分析读书、讨论和作文的不同作用后，提倡读书和讨论、作文、做笔记结合起来。

第三，从“读史使人明智”到结尾，阐述读书能塑造人的性格和弥补精神上的各种缺陷。先说明各种学科的书籍，阅读后都有塑造性格的作用；再说明人的精神上的缺陷，可以用读书来弥补，就像身体百病，可以用运动驱除一样。

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