急求虚拟语气

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急求 虚拟语气的问题!高考求助~

虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点,因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下,以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。

一、 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:I wish the were at home this time.

2. 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或could+现在完成时。例:I wish I hadn' t hurt him so much。

3. 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例:I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。

二、 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
(一) 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
1. 与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他
主句:主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他
例:If I were you, I would go with him.
2. 与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例:If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.
3.表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他
主句:主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形
例:If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.

(二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
1. 从句表示过去,主句表示现在。
If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
2. 从句表示将来,主句表示过去。
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。
3. 从句表示过去,主句表示将来。
If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
4.从句表示将来,主句表示现在。
If we shouldn' t have an exam this afternoon. I would go
shopping now.

三、 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句,用虚拟语气 由as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子,不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时,其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构,都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例:
John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)
The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形,表示与将来事实相反)

四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面,其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气
常用的此类动词有:
表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order
表示“主张”的:maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist
例:The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
上述动词的名词形式,demand, desire, requirment, advice, order,decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句,也用“should+动词原形“表示虚拟语气。现代英语,特别是美国英语,常省去“should”,例:
The advice is that we (should) leave at once.
He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly
welcomed.
五、在“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中,主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气

美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有:
表示“要求”的:required, demanded, requested, desired, desirabl。
表示“建议”的:suggested, recommended,
表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的:imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital
表示“适当、较好”的:appropriate, advisable, better, preferable
表示“可能”的:probable, possible
表示“命令”的:ordered
例:It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.

六、由下列名词或短语引导,或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1.“Iest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“shuld+动词原形”。
He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.
2.“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句,有时用动词原形。
All things, whether you know or don' t know, exist in the world.
3.用“would rather/had rather' would just as soon"表示“宁愿、但愿”,后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求,用过去时表示对现在的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。

Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as
soon) you die.
I would rather you go tomorrow.
I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
4.用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there,
but she said she liked to stay in China.
5.在“It is(high/about)time+that”引导的定语从句中,定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时,偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形,或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。
It is hihg (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意与“This is the first/second…time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。
6.用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”,“如果没有”(相当于if it were not for…)表示条件时,句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)
Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live
7.由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句,根据情况,可用虚拟语气。(有时也可用陈述语气)
They are willing surrender provided they are given free
passage.
8.在if引导的虚拟条件句中,若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前,形成倒装。
Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the
theatre with you.
Were it not for your help. I wouldn' t be succeed.

1.discuss
2.could have passed
3.wouldn\'t have fallen
4.wouldn\'t have missed
5.had been
6.be carried out
7.would have had
8.would not have lost
9.had seen
10. would go

虚拟语气
一. 概念:用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
二.真实条件句用陈述语气
1.真实条件句表示的假想是真实的或有可能性
2.句型:条件从句(一般现在时)+主句(shall/will+动词原形)
3.注意:当表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall/will+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时
三.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
1.表示同现在事实相反的假想,可以表示现在,过去或将来的情况
2.表示同过去事实相反的假想
句型:条件从句(过去完成时had done)+主句(should/would have+过去分词)
3.表示对将来的假想
句型:①条件从句为一般过去式;主句为should+动词原形
②条件从句为were+动词原形;主句为would
③条件从句为should+动词原形; 主句为would
4.表示错综复杂的条件
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,一个发生在过去,一个发生在现在。
5.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。
6.特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
wish的用法
1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were) 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
8. 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
9.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
相关练习题
1.(B)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考点:真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
1.(C)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考点:在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
2.(D)There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考点:needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。

能加分吗?

一、虚拟条件句:
1)假设的事与现在事实相反:If 主语+过去时(be动词一律用were),主语+ would (could/might/should)+动词原形 2)假设的事与过去事实相反:If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+ would (could/should/might)+have done 3)假设的事与将来事实相反:If 主语+过去时/should do/were to do,主语+ would (could/should/might)+动词原形
注意:1)if从句中绝对不可出现would 2)在条件句中如果出现were,had,should,would,可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装
二、名词性虚拟语气
1.在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:主语+(should)+动词原形(suggest、order、demand、propose、command、request、desire、insist)
2.It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ required +that +虚拟(should)
3.suggestion、proposal、order、plan、idea等表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹的名词后用虚拟(should)
三、虚拟语气的其他用语
1.It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder + that + (should)+ 动词原形/ have done
注意:在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等
2.wish后的宾语从句
与现在愿望不一致:主语+过去时
与过去愿望不一致:主语+had + 过去分词
与未来愿望不一致:主语+ would (could/ might)+ 原形
3.It's time 句型
当 It's (high)time 后用that从句时应为:主语+should +原形;或 主语+过去时(更常用)
4.If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+ 宾从”(用法与wish一致)
5.would rather 引导的句子表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在或将来的情况用过去时
6.as if / as though 引导的句子,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时
7.without、but、but for、otherwise 引导的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件(would do/ would have done)
8.错综复杂句
根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,反之也如此。

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元谋县13990222554: 英语语法高手进,求英语中虚拟语气大全?最好是自己总结的 -
宜净尼目: 1) 虚拟语气概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反. 2) 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可...

元谋县13990222554: 英语虚拟语气用法(要全的,有例题) -
宜净尼目: 由于虚拟语气所涉及的内容比较广,一些语法书对其的阐述也很繁杂,所以同学们在学习过程中很难掌握其用法,在使用过程中或考试时也很容易出错.为了便于大家理解和记忆,笔者对虚拟语气作了一个“新”归纳,供大家参考.虚拟语气...

元谋县13990222554: 英语中虚拟语气有哪些类型? -
宜净尼目: 虚拟语气就是中文中的 如果,假如,就是不一定存在的 例句:1.表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now , I would lend it to you.If I were you , I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.2.表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your ...

元谋县13990222554: 13种虚拟语气
宜净尼目: 1.If I were you,I should study English. 2.If you had taken my ,you wouldn't have failed in the examination. 3.If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting. 4.If it were to rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. 5.If you had worked hard,you would ...

元谋县13990222554: 虚拟语气的用法有哪些? -
宜净尼目: 主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等.其形式为:(should)+动词原形.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同...

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