新概念英语第二册 Lesson51 课文重点讲解
Lesson 51 Reward for virtue
Hugh is so fat that he has gone on a diet.He has forbidden himself all the foods he likes but he has not lost weight.When the writer visited him yesterday,he hid a large parcel under his desk.The parcel contained chocolates and sweets.Hugh said that he had to reward himself occasionally because his diet was so strict.
Lesson 51
Reward for virtue
对美德的奖赏
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Hugh's diet not work?
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
New words and expressions 生词和短语
reward n. 报偿
virtue n. 美德
diet n. 节食
forbid v. 禁止
hurriedly adv. 匆忙地
embarrass v. 使尴尬
guiltily adv. 内疚地
strict adj. 严格的
reward v. 给奖赏
occasionally adv. 偶尔地
参考译文
我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得越发糟糕，以致他决定节食。他是一星期前开始节食的。首先，他开列了一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按响了门铃，当看到休仍和往常一样胖时，我并不感到惊奇。他把我领进屋，慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面。显然他感到很尴尬。当我问他正干什么时，他内疚地笑了，然后把那个大包拿到了桌上。他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下。接着他给我看了包里的东西。里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！
★reward n. 报偿 ★reward v. 给奖赏（名词和动词发音一样）
give sb. a reward给...报偿(n) reward sb. 奖赏某人(v)
reward sb. with sth. 用......来奖赏某人
I write sth. with a pen.(with 表示 “用” )我用笔写东西
reward sb. for sth. 因为......而给某人以奖赏
His parents rewarded him with money for the first prize.(first prize一等奖)
★virtue n 美德（很少有机会用这个词，太大了）
strong points 长处, merit优点
short points短处 weak points弱点
★diet n 节食
go on a diet be on a diet
★forbid v禁止 (pt.forbade / pp.forbidden)
forbid sb. to do sth.: 禁止某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth.: 允许某人做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (过去分词做定语，被禁止的城市)
forbidden fruit 禁果
一个动词的过去分词可以作为形容词用，如以前讲过的lost
broken glass被打碎的玻璃
★embarrass v 使尴尬
embarrassing : 令人尴尬地 embarrassed:感到尴尬
embarrass 的宾语是人。sth. embarrass sb.
You embarrassed me你让我感到尴尬（我感到尴尬）
The match excited me. 这个比赛让我感到兴奋。
embarrassment n. to one’s embarrassment
to my embarrassment让我感到尴尬的是 to my surprise.
★guiltily adv 内疚地
guiltily conscience 问心有愧 (conscience n.良心)
clear conscience问心无愧
★strict adj 严格的
be strict with sb. My father is strict with me.
be strict in sth. My father is strict in my study.
★occasionally adv 偶而地 occasion n. 时间 时候
on the occasion 偶尔 在某一个时候
①occasionally adv. ＝②sometimes偶尔= ③at times偶尔
How often do you visit your parents？回答会是：④off and on偶尔
⑤now and again偶尔
课文讲解
has always been fat. always用在现在完成时中表示自始至终。
so...that... 如此……以致于……结果状语从句
First of all首先, 首要 (表示它引出的句子最重要)
at first起先(句型 : at first..., then... : 起先.......然后.......)
write out 写出
这句话暗示了Hugh认为列出了被禁吃的东西最重要。
included 在这里课文中不能用contain，因为contain一定是容器里面装
most of 大部分 fatten : 使某人长胖
pay sb. a visit 拜访某人（visit n.）
pay a visit动词搭配。如想表示拜访某人或者拜访某地，名词后面是不能跟宾语的。因此出现了一个介词to，pay a visit to（固定短语）
pay a visit to sb./someplace:拜访某人/某地.
最早我们学的拜访某地是：①I visit sp.以后我们学了②call at sb./ someplace拜访某人/某地。现在我们又学了③pay a visit to sb./someplace
Tomorrow I will pay a visit to the Great Wall.
拜访某人更习惯用pay sb a visit。 例如 : pay you a visit
除了pay外，还有一个动词have。have a visit＝visit
as...as ever和往常一样; 如 : as clean as ever as quiet as ever
be surprised to do（加动词原型）很惊讶的去做 / be surprised at sth（加名词）
lead sb. into让某人进来（主人走在前面）
show sb. out领某人出门（主人走在后面）
see sb off(送行)目送某人离去
It was obvious that......(it 为形式主语)某件事情是很明显的= obviously
contents表示容器里装的东西，包裹是容器，所以用contents
letter writing书信写作
如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信, 应按如下方式开头 : 亲爱的布朗先生（姓前要加称呼）。如果对方熟悉, 但是为了表示一种尊重, 也可这么写. 在姓名之前加称呼，在姓名之后总要加上一个逗号.
Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./ Mr.and Mrs.＋姓 例：Mr.and Mrs.Brown
Exercise 练习 给下列人写信应如何开头 :
你的姐姐(Dear +姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比尔(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +某人), 你的老校长(Dear Mr./Mrs. +姓).
另 : 在不知道对方性别姓名时 : 如应聘信开头 Dear Sir/Madam,
Special difficulties 难点
a、raise及物动词 / rise 不及物动词, 不能加宾语 : 它们的区别不在于意思, 而在于词性
b、lay : 及物动词 / lie不及物动词 : lay the egg / lie in bed
c、beat后面接对手 win不能接对手 : I beat you.我打败你
Exercise 练习
Choose the correct yerbs in the following sentences:
选择正确的动词 :
1 Everybody rose when he entered the room.
2 I have been lying here for half an hour.
3 Mrs.Jones laid the table before breakfast.（摆桌子）
选laid因为有 before breakfast. 即使用一般现在时做这个句子，还有第三人称单数的要求，也不能用 “lay”，而是用”lays”
4.The aeroplane rose into the air.
5 I'm not very good at chess. He always beats me. beats 后面接对手
6‘Did you win or lose?’I asked. win 后面没对手
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
4 How long ago __ d __his diet?
a.will he begin b.has he begun c. was he beginning d. did he begin
解题时要求读完句子
注意因为有ago的词, 一定不用完成时, 用一般过去时。不要一读到How long就以为这个句子是用完成时。
11 He was very embarrassed. He felt __ d __.
a. shy b. shameful c. hot d. uncomfortable
11、felt 是feel的过去式，一般动词后面加副词，但是半系动词除外。
半联系动词 : be动词
注意以下三类词 :
①感官动词feel, smell(闻起来: The food smells nice.), sound(听起来: The idea sounds good.)
②get : 变得, become 成为 变得 ③lie
feel + adj
shy adj. : 害羞的(是人的一种性格，习惯性的, 在某一种情况下就会作出的反映)
shameful : 令人羞愧的 : It’s shameful.(注意它没有 “-ing” 形式)
Ashamed adj. : 感到羞愧的 : I am ashamed.
b也不对，因为前句是他是很羞愧的。后句是令人感到羞愧的
hot热的, 恼火的
uncomfortable : 不舒服的, 不放松的
comfortable: 感到自在的（是轻松, 放松的概念）
极不舒服英文有很多说法，在医院里：①ill 生病 : I feel ill. ②terrible 糟透了, 不舒服 I feel terrible. ③uncomfortable ④embarrassed
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