求what,where,who之类wh-的从句用法!!本人学习不久,不要讲太深奥了!
when where what how who的用法及意义
学习宾语从句并不难,只要你能过好下面的三道关:
第一关,选好连接词(也有人叫关联词)。
引导宾语从句的连接词,课本上写有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如: 1)He knew(that)he should work hard.
2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.
2.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if。例如: 3)Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?
4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如:
5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成if,因为if不能与or连用。)
3.连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:
6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武汉市)(which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”。)
7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)
4.连接副词when,where, why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:
8)I wonder where he got so much money.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里;什么地方”。)
9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)(how引导宾语从句,作程度状语,修饰old,意为“怎样;如何”等意。)
第二关,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。这里特别强调的是,它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如: 10)You must remember what your teacher said.
11)—Dad,do you know when the football game will start?
—In half an hour.(宁波市)
12)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去看望谁?
误:Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?
正:Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?
错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构——主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句,如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris?就顺口说出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris?”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了,我们不久就习惯于说“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris?”了。
第三关,注意时态的呼应。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如:
13)汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。 误:I thought(that)you are free today.
正:I thought(that)you would be free today.
错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有 today,但因为主句谓语是thought,所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时would be了。
这种时态的呼应,如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制,如上述例句2),3),7),8),10),11),12)。如果主句时态是过去时,宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时(即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)。例如: 14)He thought he was working for the people.
15)I heard she had been to the Great W all.
16)John hoped that he would find a job soon.
但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等,则不变化:
17)The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
巩固与检测请做下列2002年中考题:
1.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shop keeper _____Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.(北京市东城区)
A.that B.how C.what D.if
2.—I don't know _____ Mr.Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.(杭州市)
A.why B.when C.how D.where
3.—We never know _____ the old m an is. —They say he is a teacher. A.what B.who C.which D.where
4.I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when
5.—Do you know _____ ?I'm going to see him. —Sorry,I don't know.(北京市海淀区) A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived
6.—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
—Sorry,I have no idea.(南京市)
A./;bought B.has;bought C.did;buy D.does;buy
7.I don't feel very well.Mum asked me _____this morning.(重庆市)
A. what the matter is B.what is wrong
C.what the matter was D.what wrong was
8.—Where is Jack?
—He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan,but I'm not sure _____ .(南昌市)
A.that B.which C.where D.there
Key: 宾语从句与中考试题 1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C
What he said means nothing.
但是,由陈述句变化而来的主语从句必须用that引导,如:
That the weather will grow from bad to worse discouraged all the villagers.
由陈述句变化而来的主语从句常常译为“...这件事”。
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
主语从句:that, whether, wh-, how, -ever
宾语从句:that, whether, if,wh-, how, -ever
介词后的宾从:that, whether, wh-, how, -ever
形容词后宾从:that, whether, if,wh-, how
表语从句:that, whether, wh-, how
同位语从句:that, whether, wh-, how, -ever
定语从句:that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why
时间状语从句:when, whenever, as, while, before,after, untill, till, since, once, as soon as
地点状语从句:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere
原因状语从句:because,since, as, for
目的状语从句: so that, in order that,in case
结果状语从句:so...that, such...that
条件状语从句:if, unless, if only, so long as, in case
让步状语从句:though, even though, while, whereas -ever
比较状语从句:as...as, than, the+比较级...the+比较级...
一点管见,欢迎指正。
what,是“什么”,如:What is your name?(你的名字是什么?)
where,是“哪里”,如:Where are you?(你在哪里?)
who,是“谁”,如:Who are you?(你是谁?)
which,是“哪一个”,如:Which one is right?(哪一个是对的?)
when,是“什么时候”,如:When will you come back?(你什么时候回来?)
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北市区13659362626: 在定语从句中 what where who之类的引导词各能做什么成分不要复制一大段 - ?
酆戴参芪:[答案] 关系代词 who 主语、宾语 whom 宾语 whose 定语 that 主语、宾语、表语 as 主语、表语 which 主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 where,when,why作状语
北市区13659362626: which what where who等的用法? - ?
酆戴参芪: 主要的区别和用法:which,where,who都可以引导定语从句,而what不可以引导定语从句,但是what可以引导名词性从句.which,where,和who引导定语从句时又有不同,当先行词是物时用which,which指事物,在从句中做主语或者宾语.作宾语...
北市区13659362626: 在定语从句中 what where who之类的引导词各能做什么成分 - ?
酆戴参芪: what一般不引导定语从句,where做引导词一般在从句中做状语,who一般用作主语或谓语,作谓语是亦可用whom代替
北市区13659362626: what.where.when.how.who.等等`分别怎么用就是what.where.when.how.who.whice.how many.how often.how far.how much.how long 分别表示什么~如:where... - ?
酆戴参芪:[答案] What ...的 Who 谁 Which 哪一个 How many .有多少 How often 问频率 How far 多久 多远 How much 多少数目 多少钱 How long 多长
北市区13659362626: what,where,who,when在句子前中怎么用? - ?
酆戴参芪:[答案] what,where,who,when在句子前是疑问代词,表示疑问语气,在句中when,where,属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充...
北市区13659362626: what where when who How 的区别及用法还有which - ?
酆戴参芪:[答案] what什么 对作主语的事物提问 ,也可引导从句 where 哪里,对地点状语提问,也可引导地点状语从句 when 什么时间,对时间状语提问,也可引导时间状语从句 who 谁 ,对作主语的人提问,也可引导主语定语从句 how 怎么样,以什么方式,对程度...
北市区13659362626: 英语中表示疑问的单词,如what how when还有哪些? - ?
酆戴参芪: 疑问词是疑问代词“who, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”. when 什么时间 问时间 who 谁 问人 (例句 :who is boy?) whose 谁的 问主人 where 在哪里 问地点 (例句:where were you yesterday ?) which 哪一个...
北市区13659362626: 谁能告诉我那些英文问句前的What、Where等等是什么意思啊?? - ?
酆戴参芪: 这些都是特殊疑问词,有指代作用.用在句首 what:什么 where:那里 who:谁 when:何时 how:怎么,怎样 基本以以上五词为主进行特殊疑问.一般来说,语后加'S(is)是指所问为单数,加're(are)指所问为复数. 如:What's it? It's a pen.单数,一支笔 What're they? They're apples.复数,多个苹果.
北市区13659362626: 英语中 what which where when who whose 都分别是问什么的啊? - ?
酆戴参芪:[答案] what什么[作疑问代词 指什么];具体指:询问性质、等级、姓名、目的等请求对已说过的话进行解释或重复询问数量、金额等 询问价值、重要性、效果等which[用作关系代词] 哪一个,哪些where[疑问副词] 在哪里,在何处when...