请帮我翻译一篇电气工程的专业外语文章

求一篇电气工程及其自动化专业的英语文章及翻译 谢谢~

Electric Power Systems 电力系统

The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before. 现代社会的电力供应依赖于更多地比以往任何时候。 It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 它无法想象的世界应该是什么，如果电力供应中断了世界各地。 Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统（或电力能源系统），提供电力到现代社会，已成为不可缺少的组成部分产业界的。
The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 第一个完整的电力系统（包括发电机，电缆，熔断器，计量，并加载）的托马斯爱迪生所建-站纽约市珍珠街的历史始于1882年9月运作。 This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个半径直流系统组成的一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机面积约1.5公里至59供电范围内的客户。负载，其中包括完全的白炽灯，为V提供110通过地下电缆系统。 Within a few years similar systems were in operation in most large cities throughout the world. With the development of motors by Frank Sprague in 1884, motor loads were added to such systems. This was the beginning of what would develop into one of the largest industries in the world. In spite of the initial widespread use of DC systems, they were almost completely superseded by AC systems. By 1886, the limitations of DC systems were becoming increasingly apparent. They could deliver power only a short distance from generators.
在一个类似的系统在大多数大城市在世界各地运行数年。随着马达的弗兰克斯普拉格发展在1884年，电机负载被添加到这些系统。这是什么开始发展成为世界上最大的产业之一。在最初的直流系统广泛使用尽管如此，他们几乎完全被空调系统所取代。到1886年，直流系统的局限性也日益明显。他们可以提供功率只有很短的距离从发电机。
To keep transmission power losses ( I 2 R ) and voltage drops to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission. Such high voltages were not acceptable for generation and consumption of power; therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformation became a necessity. 为了保持发射功率损失（我2 R）和电压下降到可接受的水平，电压等级，必须长途输电高。如此高的电压不发电和电力消耗可以接受的，因此，电压转换成为一个方便的手段的必要性。
The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L. Gaulard and JD Gibbs of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems. 在发展的变压器，法国和交流输电由L.巴黎戈拉尔和JD吉布斯导致交流电力系统。
In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland. 1889年，第一次在北美交流传输线将在俄勒冈州波特兰之间威拉梅特大瀑布和实施。
It was a single-phase line transmitting power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km. With the development of polyphase systems by Nikola Tesla, the AC system became even more attractive. By 1888, Tesla held several patents on AC motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems. Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inventions, and they formed the basis of the present-day AC systems.这是一个单相线路传输功率为4,000公里，超过21 V系统的距离。随着交流的发展多相系统由尼古拉特斯拉，成为更具吸引力的。通过1888年，特斯拉举行交流多项专利电动机，发电机，变压器和输电系统。西屋公司购买了这些早期的发明专利，并形成了系统的基础，现在的交流。
In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be standardized on DC or AC. By the turn of the century, the AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons: 在19世纪90年代，有很大的争议或交流电力行业是否应该统一于直流。到了世纪之交的，在交流系统赢得了原因出在下面的直流系统为：
（1）Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thus providing the flexibility for use of different voltages for generation, transmission, and consumption. （1）电压水平可以很容易地改变了空调系统，从而提供了传输的灵活性，发电用不同的电压和消费。
（2）AC generators are much simpler than DC generators. （2）交流发电机简单得多比直流发电机。
（3）AC motors are much simpler and cheaper than DC motors. （三）交流电机和电机便宜简单得多，比直流。
The first three-phase line in North America went into operation in 1893——a 2,300 V, 12 km line in southern California. 前三个阶段的美国北线投产于1893年- 1 2300五，南加州12公里路线研究。 In the early period of AC power transmission, frequency was not standardized. 在电力传输初期交流，频率不规范。 Many different frequencies were in use: 25, 50, 60, 125, and 133 Hz. 有许多不同频率的使用：25，50，60，125，和133赫兹。 This poses a problem for interconnection. Eventually 60 Hz was adopted as standard in North America, although 50 Hz was used in many other countries. 这对互连的问题。最后60赫兹标准获得通过，成为美国在北美，虽然是50赫兹在许多其他国家使用。
The increasing need for transmitting large amounts of power over longer distance created an incentive to use progressively high voltage levels. To avoid the proliferation of an unlimited number of voltages, the industry has standardized voltage levels. In USA, the standards are 115, 138, 161, and 230 kV for the high voltage (HV) class, and 345, 500 and 765 kV for the extra-high voltage (EHV) class. In China, the voltage levels in use are 10, 35, 110 for HV class, and 220, 330 (only in Northwest China) and 500 kV for EHV class . 较长的距离越来越需要大量的电力传输多激励他们逐步使用高压的水平。为了避免电压增殖数量无限，业界标准电压水平。在美国，标准是115，138， 161，和230千伏的高电压（高压）类，345，500和765千伏级的特高电压（超高压）。在中国，各级使用电压为10，35，110级高压， 220，中国330（仅在西北）和500千伏超高压类。
The first 750 kVtransmission line will be built in the near future in Northwest China. 第一个750 kVtransmission线将建在不久的将来在中国西北地区。
With the development of the AC/DC converting equipment, high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems have become more attractive and economical in special situations. 随着交流的发展/直流转换设备，高压直流高压直流（HVDC）传输系统已经成为更具吸引力的经济和情况特殊。 The HVDC transmission can be used for transmission of large blocks of power over long distance, and providing an asynchronous link between systems where AC interconnection would be impractical because of system stability consideration or because nominal frequencies of the systems are different. 在高压直流输电可用于输电块以上的大长途电话，并提供不同系统间的异步连接在AC联网系统将是不切实际的，因为稳定考虑，或因标称频率的系统。
The basic requirement to a power system is to provide an uninterrupted energy supply to customers with acceptable voltages and frequency. 基本要求到电源系统是提供一个不间断的能源供应，以客户可接受的电压和频率。 Because electricity can not be massively stored under a simple and economic way, the production and consumption of electricity must be done simultaneously. A fault or misoperation in any stages of a power system may possibly result in interruption of electricity supply to the customers. 由于电力无法大量储存在一个简单的方法和经济，电力的生产和消费必须同时进行。系统的故障或误操作的权力在任何阶段可能导致电力供应中断给客户。 Therefore, a normal continuous operation of the power system to provide a reliable power supply to the customers is of paramount importance. 因此，一个正常的电力系统连续运行的，提供可靠的电力供应给客户的重要性是至关重要的。
Power system stability may be broadly defined as the property of a power system that enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance. 电力系统稳定，可广泛定义为干扰财产的权力系统，可继续经营的状态下正常运行的平衡条件和后向遭受恢复一个可以接受的平衡状态。
Instability in a power system may be manifested in many different ways depending on the system configuration and operating mode. 在电力系统的不稳定可能会表现在经营方式和多种不同的方式取决于系统配置。
Traditionally, the stability problem has been one of maintaining synchronous operation. Since power systems rely on synchronous machines for generation of electrical power, a necessary condition for satisfactory system operation is that all synchronous machines remain in synchronism or, colloquially "in step". This aspect of stability is influenced by the dynamics of generator rotor angles and power-angle relationships, and then referred to " rotor angle stability ". 传统上，稳定性问题一直是一个保持同步运行。由于电力系统的发电电力，一个令人满意的系统运行的必要条件是，依靠同步电机同步电机都留在同步或通俗的“步骤”。这一方面是受稳定的发电机转子的动态角度和功角的关系，然后提到“转子角稳定”。

comparation among four kinds of var compensator technology

electrical engineering and automation major of electronic information and technology department

abstract：reasonable var compensator methods of the distribution network can effectively maitain the system ‘s voltage level，lower active power loss ，improve network transmission capacity and reduce cost for generating electricity。 this paper has made a comparation among four kinds of var compensator technology and put foward some suggestions on the problems met when distribution network conducts compensation。better technology and ecnomic results can be achieved through the combination of four kinds of var compensator technology according to the actual distribution network 。

keywords： distribution network ；var compensator ；optimization；economy

时钟周期是微处理器世界的最小时间单元。处理器的每一次运行都是通过它来衡量的。然而，我们需要知道，时钟速度并不等于处理器1秒内处理的指令的数目。在许多电脑里，一些指令发生在一个时钟周期内，但是其他一些指令可能需要多个时钟周期。有些处理器甚至在一个时钟周期内能处理几条指令。

字长就是微处理器一次能处理的位数。字长取决于算术逻辑单元里德寄存器的大小和通向寄存器的电路容量。例如，8位字长的微处理器有8位寄存器，一次能处理8位，它称为8位处理器。更长字长的处理器在一个处理周期内能处理更多数据。更长的字长是增强处理器性能的一个因素。当今的个人电脑通常包含的是32位或者64位处理器。

高速缓冲存储器有时叫做数据缓存或者缓存。它是一个高速内存，能让微处理器更快的从主板的其它地方的内存访问数据。一些电脑广告喜欢特别说明缓存的类型和容量。一级缓存被植入到处理器芯片内，而二级缓存位于分离的芯片中，它需要更多时间从微处理器中得到数据。缓存的容量通常用Kb来衡量。

当芯片设计师为处理器开发各种各样的指令集时，他们趋向于增加更多复杂的指令，每个指令需要几个时钟周期。有这种指令集的微处理器使用 CISC 技术。有简单指令集的微处理器使用 RISC 技术。 RISC 处理器处理大部分指令比CISC处理器快。然而，比起CISC处理器，处理同样的任务它可能需要更多的简单指令。

一些处理器是“串行”的处理指令，也就是一次处理一条指令。串行处理中，处理器必须完成一个指令的所有步骤才可处理下一指令。然而，用一种叫做流水线的技术，处理器可以在处理完上一个指令前处理下一个指令。当今的微处理器也能“并行”处理，就是同时能处理多条指令。并行处理增强了处理器的性能。

翻的好累啊，我也是电气的。。。

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船营区19278347007： 急需一篇电气工程专业的英语论文及其译文,至少2000字,谢谢! - ？
贰将扶亢： 我有.嵌入式系统设计的新方面——安全性 Security as a New Dimension in Embedded System Design.

船营区19278347007： 电气工程专业的外文文献翻译 外语翻译达人进~ - ？
贰将扶亢： 看情形吧,如果你这个还不至于很着急而且论文不长的话大概一周左右给你(米办法最近也在写毕业论文…)不过因为是外语专业恐怕有些专业名词翻译不好 (怎么突然觉得自己在米事找事……OTL) balchelij@yahoo.com.cn

船营区19278347007： 电气工程及其自动化专业,需要一篇外文翻译 - ？
贰将扶亢： 自己先找一篇中文的,再在网上用有道或其它网站的人工翻译翻译一下,也就付个一点钱,还是挺值的.http://www.docin.com/p-533144055.html 有篇中文的,自己去翻译.

船营区19278347007： 电气工程专业英语翻译 - ？
贰将扶亢： 在电路中,一个环是一个封闭的路径包含电路元件.探索周围的环电压与电压表很快表明,有一个法律管辖他们.考虑,例如,循环显示顺时针箭头图1-7a.there元素,因而有电压,是与此相关的循环.假设我们把这些volatges城,是作者和东方的极性,都在同样的意义:+ to-in顺时针方向.见图1-7a.tomeasure这些volatges,我们那儿的电压表连接在fig.1-7b.注意极性标记的电压表匹配的+和-名称标记的变量,从而vaeiable价值观是美国机械工程师学会为电压表的读数.当我们获得的电压表读数,我们发现,U + U 2 + = 0上

船营区19278347007： 求电气工程及其自动化专业英语的翻译 李文娟的 - ？
贰将扶亢： Electronic engineering and automation

船营区19278347007： 请大家帮忙翻译一下下面的英语文章(是关于电气专业英语的) - ？
贰将扶亢： 常微分方程是图解决一体化.集成可完成分析方法或数值方法对数字电脑.整合也可进行电子与运算放大器电路.实际上,运算放大器制定了最初的电子一体化微分方程. ( 1 )积分.该运算放大器电路fig.3.11利用负反馈通过一个电容器进行整合...

船营区19278347007： 15分求一段电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译 急!!不要翻译器的 - ？
贰将扶亢： Inverters derived from voltage source (VSI) are ideally suited for supplying power to a resistive and inductive load and the applications that require constant torque operation of AC motors. Current Source Inverters (CSI) are ideally suited for supplying...

船营区19278347007： 电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译,苏小林 - ？
贰将扶亢： 你好!电气工程及其自动化专业 electrical engineering and automatization specialty

船营区19278347007： 求一篇:关于对电气工程及其自动化专业看法“的英语作文!120字左右即可.可以是网上找的,也可以是自己写的.差不多就可以. - ？
贰将扶亢：[答案] 1 The Electrical Engineering Technology - Process Automation program provides you with the basic knowledge of electricity ... Students may have the opportunity to be involved in applied research projects. Please see the `Applied Research Centre` ...

船营区19278347007： 电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译~急! - ？
贰将扶亢： 设计者的一个重要工作是减少输出电压或输出电流的谐波成分,谐波成分是输出电压或输出电流中不希望有的,因为谐波成分会降低功率因素.电机传动系统中频率谐波分量会引起机械共振.通过设置逆变器输出滤波器可减小输出电压或输出电...