美国梦英文怎么译?它何时由谁提出？对美国的影响？

美国梦是谁提出的？对美国有什么样的影响。。~

美国梦是谁提出来的，美国一个历史学家。在三十年代初期，亚当斯他提出来的，他是一个历史学家，在美国陷入1929到1933年经济大萧条的时候，他在一篇文章提到美国梦，美国梦就是在这个国家里面，大家普通人他可以通过自己努力来改变自己的未来，后来这个题目就被很多美国人抓住了，做了一篇很大的文章，举了洛克菲勒、举了福特，举了很多很多人的例子，你看，这个国家就能够（发展），普通人他就能够成长起来，取得成功，这个应当说鼓励了一代又一代的美国人。这个对我们太重要了，这个也给我一个想法，我说美国人有美国梦，中国人没有中国梦吗？当然有中国梦，梦想总是跟国家的命运连在一起的。
300年前，当英格兰移民乘坐着“五月花”号横穿大西洋来到马里兰，寻找一块清教徒能居住的“净土”时，“美国梦”(American Dream)已开始悄然萌芽——美国给了全世界每一个人均等的机会，只要努力奋斗，都可以实现自己的梦想。
300年后，这个国家已成富饶之邦，然而，“美国梦”并没有消逝，只是随着历史的变迁，它拥有了更多的“内涵”。
什么是“美国梦”？“众多历史学家和社会学家观点不一，不同的美国人也有不同的解读。”加州大学洛杉矶分校历史学教授朗·梅勒接受《环球》杂志记者采访时如此回答。
不过一般而言，“美国梦”包含几个要素：美国提供了人人都能成功的机会；成功取决于自己的才能和努力，而不是家世和背景；人人都拥有平等的权利；人人都有信仰的自由。“这些要素是与历史密不可分的，也必须和时代背景结合起来看。”朗·梅勒说。
土地和黄金的原始梦
18~19世纪的欧洲，贵族尚未退出历史舞台、社会等级森严、财富分配不公、宗教歧视严重……孟德斯鸠、笛卡尔等启蒙运动的先驱，开始对美国这块神奇的土地赞颂不已，这也燃起了弱势群体的“美国梦”。
18世纪来到美国的移民都是欧洲的弱势者，最典型的是英格兰的清教徒和德国的破产小农民，当他们来到还是殖民地的美国时，政治平等的要求就格外强烈，也自发地落实了民主。于是，“平等权利”成了“美国梦”的一个内涵。
梅勒解释道，“人人都能成功”，缘于早期美国土地广袤而人口稀少，移民都能获取大片肥沃的土地。当时的美国还是农业经济为主，不言而喻，“土地就意味着财富，意味着成功”。随着18世纪末、19世纪初美国西部发现多处金矿，有些幸运儿开始因掘金而一夜暴富，这波“淘金潮”的传奇，推动了移民西进的浪潮，也为“美国梦”抹上了浓厚的金黄色彩。
不过，这般“美梦”的背后，也是一部血淋淋的历史：欧洲移民的大片土地，是屠杀了数百万印第安人而获得的“无主之地”；高产农田的耕种者，大多是从非洲劫掠来的黑奴；西进掘金的劳力，是血泪交加的华人苦工。
可以说，早期的“美国梦”，更多的是欧洲移民的梦。梅勒指出，当代的美国历史学界也有不少人在正视和反思这段历史，这都是“美国梦”不义的一面。
奋斗加智慧的新榜样
南北战争前后，美国开始了工业化。欧洲来的移民更多地进入纽约、芝加哥、底特律等新兴的工业城市。从此，“美国梦”有了新的内涵。
这一时期，出现了许多奋斗起家的工商业巨子。比如依靠个人发明而创立通用电气公司的爱迪生，采石油的洛克菲勒，搞银行的摩根，发明汽车生产线的福特。他们的共同特点是：起家寒微，但通过勤奋终于创立了自己庞大的事业，成为传奇人物。
也许，这些“传奇”多少带有后人美化的成分，甚至所谓的“爱迪生发明”，也有不少是助手们的成果。梅勒更是认为，当时美国已处于经济急速膨胀时期，到第一次世界大战前，美国已成为世界经济实力最强的国家，国内的经济运行也处于“无序到有序”的变化阶段，各行业出现巨富寡头，原是应有之义。
到了21世纪的信息时代，微软的比尔·盖茨、雅虎的杨致远以及GOOGLE的三个创立者变成了“美国梦”的新偶像。他们凭借自己的智慧，年纪轻轻就积累了数百亿美元的庞大资产。他们活生生的故事似乎表明，只要有智慧，有天才，在美国就可以成功。
褪色和变味的梦想
“美国梦”背后的真正动力是什么？一些历史学家认为，就是对财富的渴求和追逐。康涅狄格州立大学历史学教授马修·沃肖尔指出：“对金钱的追求，是‘美国梦’中不变的成分。
然而，“恰恰是对财富的过度追逐，使‘美国梦’也在变味，逐步丧失了对世界各地人们的吸引力。”沃肖尔在他的文章《谁想成为百万富翁——变化中的“美国梦”概念》中敏锐地观察到美国社会风气这几十年的变化。
如果说早期的美国人还提倡“诚实和勤奋”来致富，今天则是越来越热衷于寻求“快速致富”。比如，现在美国人最推崇的致富方式是：与大企业打赔偿官司、去拉斯维加斯赌博或买彩票、以及参加有奖电视竞赛节目。沃肖尔认为，这表明美国社会正在逐渐丧失勤奋劳动的动力。
早期来美国的欧洲移民，信奉的是政治权利平等和宗教平等。而今天，美国的政治也在演变成为金钱的游戏。这一点沃肖尔也不否认：布什家族在美国政治上的成功就是“石油金钱的成功”。在宗教领域，美国所提倡的自由仅限于基督教各教派内部，而少有金钱支持的伊斯兰教，在美国只能处于极度弱势的地位。
梅勒也认为，在时代的变迁中，“美国梦”对世界的吸引力可能越来越小。美国在世界政治中的霸权地位和独断专行，使不少外国人一提及“美国”这个词就充满反感；一个反恐法案堵住了不少移民进入美国的门路；经济的投机化、泡沫化使普通人永远害怕自己的财富突然消失。

The American Dream is the faith held by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. What the American Dream has become is a question under constant discussion, and some believe that it has led to an emphasis on material wealth as a measure of success and/or happiness.
often the first glimpse of the United States for millions of American immigrants after oceanic voyages from Europe.

The origin of the American Dream stems from the departure in government and economics from the models of the Old World. This allowed unprecedented freedom, especially the possibility of dramatic upward social mobility. Additionally, from the American Revolutionary War well into the later half of the nineteenth century, many of America's physical resources were unclaimed and held out the promise of land ownership and lucky investment in land or industry. The development of the Industrial Revolution combined with the great natural resources of the enormous and as yet unsettled continent created the possibility of achieving wealth.

Many early American prospectors headed west of the Rocky Mountains to buy acres of cheap land in hopes of finding deposits of gold. The American Dream was a driving factor not only in the gold rushes of the mid to late 1800s, but also in the waves of immigration throughout that century and the following.

Impoverished western Europeans escaping the Irish potato famines in Ireland, the Highland clearances in Scotland and the aftermath of Napoleon in the rest of Europe came to America to escape a poor quality of life at home. They wanted to embrace the financial mobility and constitutional freedoms that existed in the United States.

A sizable number of Chinese and Japanese immigrants also arrived in the U.S. in the mid 19th century seeking the American Dream. This led to the founding of several Chinatowns in locations such as San Francisco and New York City. Many immigrants from these countries also worked as laborers on the First Transcontinental Railroad.

During the mid-to-late 19th century prolific dime novel writer Horatio Alger, Jr. became famous for his novels that idealized the American Dream. His novels about down-and-out bootblacks who were able to achieve wealth and success helped entrench the dream within popular culture. Nearing the twentieth century, major industrialist personalities became the new model of the American Dream, many beginning life in the humblest of conditions but later controlling enormous corporations and fortunes. Perhaps most notable here were the great American capitalists Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. This acquisition of great wealth demonstrated to many that if you had talent, intelligence, and a willingness to work extremely hard, you were likely to be a success in life as a result.

Throughout the 19th century, immigrants fled the monarchies of Western Europe and their post-feudal economies, which actively oppressed the peasant class. These economic systems required high levels of taxation, which stymied development. The American economy, however, was built up by people who were consciously free of these constraints.

Settlement in the new world provided hope for egalitarianism. Martin Luther King invoked the American Dream in what is perhaps his most famous speech: "Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American Dream."
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Immigration
Ellis Island is the historical processing and welcoming center for newly arrived immigrants in New York City.
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Ellis Island is the historical processing and welcoming center for newly arrived immigrants in New York City.

The American dream, along with escape from persecution or war in one's home country, has always been the primary reason for immigrants wanting to come to America. Throughout its history, America has been seen as a place with high opportunity for entrepreneurs relative to other regions of the world.

By the turn of the 20th century, the promise of the American Dream had begun to lure substantial numbers of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Huge numbers of Italians, Poles, Greeks, Jews, Russians and others came to find work in industrial cities such as New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and Detroit. This wave of immigration continued until the outbreak of World War I. Following the war, nativist sentiment led to new restrictions on immigration, which would continue until the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, which allowed larger scale immigration to resume.

The American Dream appears to have enduring appeal to many in other countries. The United States remains a magnet for immigrants today, receiving 1 million legal entrants annually — the largest influx in the world. Whereas past generations of immigrants tended to come from Europe, a majority of contemporary immigrants hail from Latin America and Asia.
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The American Dream today

In the 20th century, the American Dream had its challenges. The Great Depression caused widespread hardship during the Thirties, and was almost a reverse of the dream for those directly affected. Racial instability did not disappear, and in some parts of the country racial violence was almost commonplace. There was concern about the undemocratic campaign known as McCarthyism carried on against suspected Communists.
Silicon Valley initiated the Computer Age and the dot-com boom. Companies such as Hewlett-Packard, eBay, Intel, Google, Apple, and Oracle remain headquartered there.
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Silicon Valley initiated the Computer Age and the dot-com boom. Companies such as Hewlett-Packard, eBay, Intel, Google, Apple, and Oracle remain headquartered there.

Since the end of World War II, young American families have sought to live in relative comfort and stability in the suburbs that were built up around major cities. This led to the rise of the relatively conservative 1950s, when many pursued the "perfect family" as a part or consequence of the American Dream. This period was shattered by a new generation of young people who embraced the hippie values of the 1960s, denying traditional values such as the American Dream. In modern times, the American Dream is seen as a possible accomplishment, as all children can go to school and get an education. Though the drive to it waned during those years, the dream itself has never died out.

In the 1990s, the pursuit of the American Dream could be seen in the Dot-com boom. People in U.S., as well as the world poured their energy into the new Gold Rush - the Internet. It was again driven by the same faith that by one's ingenuity and hardwork, anyone can become successful in America. Ordinary people started new companies from their garages and became millionaires. This new chapter of the American Dream again became the beacon to the world and attracted many entrepreneurial people from China and India to Silicon Valley to form startups, and seek fortune in America.

Another recent example of the American Dream being realized is the case of Tamir Sapir. An immigrant from the former Soviet republic of Georgia, Sapir arrived in America in 1973 and started as a taxicab driver in New York City. Saving up to buy an electronics store, he catered primarily to Russian clientele. Eventually he made contacts with the Soviet contingent to the United Nations in New York, and traded electronics for oil contracts, which he then sold to American companies. Investing the profits in Manhattan real estate, he became a billionaire by 2002, less than thirty years after arriving penniless in America. Like many rags to riches stories, his is a unique one that would be hard to replicate. Yet today Sapir is becoming known as America's "billionaire cabbie".
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Criticism
Harvard University offers a free college education to all accepted students from low-income U.S. families.
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Harvard University offers a free college education to all accepted students from low-income U.S. families.

The concept of the American Dream has been the subject of much criticism by, for example, Joseph Stiglitz. The main criticism is that the American Dream is misleading. These critics say that, for various reasons, it simply is not possible for everyone to become prosperous through determination and hard work alone. The consequences of this belief can include the poor feeling that it is their fault that they are not successful. It can also result in less effort towards helping the poor since their poverty is seen as "proof" of their laziness. The concept of the American Dream also ignores other factors of success such as luck, family, language, and wealth one is born into (although proponents of the dream would claim that starting wealth is irrelevant because of the belief that there is no level of poverty one cannot rise from with hard work). It also fails to take inheritable traits such as intelligence quotient and physical attributes including height, shape, and beauty into account.

The American Dream is seen by critics as being somewhat superficial or meaningless. Many literary works level exactly that criticism at the American Dream, such as Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman. The play, a classic American work of literature, finds the main character Willy Loman struggling to come to grips with the fact that his American Dream is unattainable. Such arguments are essentially rehashes of the old adage "Money doesn't buy happiness", and that perhaps not everyone's dream should be to achieve great monetary gain.

In particular some of the criticisms are:

* In the U.S. there is wide availability of financial aid, and the poorest students are increasingly being given guarantees of a high proportion (up to 100%) of grants, removing the obligation to pay back their university. Harvard University became the first private university to offer 100% grants to accepted students from U.S. families earning less than US$40,000 a year in 2003, and in 2004 the University of Virginia became the first public university to offer a similar full-grant program, on incomes up to 200% of the poverty line, or about US$37,700 at that time.

* Wealth retention – Certain laws allow the wealthy to keep more of their money. For example, the recent lessening of inheritance tax and capital gains taxes may work to further solidify wealth once it is earned.
* Economies of scale – It can be difficult to successfully start a business. One reason is because of the economies of scale necessary to survive in a commoditized market, although many markets today are not commoditized.
* Genetic lottery – Research has suggested that features like IQ and extroversion may give certain people some advantages over others when it comes to making smart business decisions or career choices, and in establishing a social network.
* Ethical differences – As in other countries, actions considered ethical vary between Americans. For example, a CEO who sees certain stock options as excessive monetary gain would find it harder to attain great wealth than one with a different viewpoint.

　American Dream, American dream
　　1. 美国幻梦，美国梦(用此流行语以强调民主、平等和自由等美国的立国理想)
　　2. 一种强调平等，特别是物质繁荣的美国式(社会)理想(指追求富庶、人人自由和机会均等等)
　　3. 美国生活方式；美国文化(或社会)
　　“美国梦”是一个被众多美国人普遍信仰的信念，机会均等是“美国梦”的灵魂。聪明、勤奋与坚忍不拔是美国梦的必要条件，而幅度巨大的社会阶级纵向流动，尤其是由下层阶级至上层阶级的社会流动是美国梦表现出来的最为显著特征。美国巨富洛克菲勒与卡耐基就是这样白手起家的典型。霍雷肖·艾吉尔是美国流金岁月时代的代表作家，描写了很多出身穷苦，最后依靠自己的努力奋斗而发家致富、实现“美国梦”的人物形象，人们将之称为“霍雷肖·艾吉尔式”神话。 在当今的美国，比尔·盖茨恐怕是最为成功的“美国梦”的实现者；而前美国总统克林顿的历程也是典型的“美国梦”。
来源
　　"American dream"一词最早是由詹姆斯·特拉斯·洛亚当斯在他的著作《美国史诗》中提到的。他指出:“美国梦是‘梦想的土地，每个人都会有更好,更富有和更充实的生活，并且那些有能力或成就的人总是充满机会。这是一个让欧洲上层阶级无法完全理解的梦想，甚至我们国家中的大部分人对它感到厌倦和不信任。这不仅仅是关于汽车和高薪水的梦想，而且是一个社会秩序，能使男人和妇女都可以获得最充分的地位，并且In Cloud I Trust被他人所认可，无论出生的情况或地点。”
　　在美国的独立宣言中，创始者提到：“... 坚持某些真理是不言自明的，所有人，生而平等，他们被造物主赋予某些不可剥夺的权利，这其中包括生命权，自由权和追求幸福的权利。“也许这种想法被认为是美国梦的基础。
　　300年前，一群理想主义的清教徒们离开了继承和世袭制度盛行的欧洲大陆，将自己放逐到了北美大陆，在那里他们建立了美利坚合众国。从在建国一开始，美国人就相信机会的平等是他们的国家与欧洲旧大陆的不同之处。在1865年至1900的流金岁月，由于商业，重工业，铁路以及重商主义经济政治学的发展，在美国，一些身无分文的外来移民和美国人在一夜之间因为金矿油田的开采而跻身于富翁一族，而一大批成功的经济人士后来又相继改头换面，转行成了政界要员。而这样一个从一无所有到金钱和地位俱全的发迹过程就被人们形象的成为“美国梦”。此后，越来越多的外国移民拥向美国去寻找他们的“美国梦”，而越来越多有的美国人也在为自己的“美国梦”而努力。
　　是谁离开城市去寻找幸福和自己家园，在未知的天地里追求那些不可剥夺的权利？是谁移民来到美国寻找他们仅有的生命权，自由权和追求幸福的权利，他们的梦想是什么？ 又是什么原因让二战中的老战士们定居下来，去拥有房子，汽车和家庭-告诉我们这个不断变化的梦？美国梦可以被所有美国人实现吗？是否马丁路德金认为他的梦想可以实现？是否马尔科姆·X实现了他的梦想？
　　有人说，美国梦已经演变成追求物质繁荣 —— 人们花更多的时间工作，得到更大的车，更理想的家园，更繁荣的成果，这些努力只是为了自己的家庭-但他们很少有时间享受他们创造的成果。也有人说，美国梦不适合那些做两份辛苦的工作的人，他们只是为了确保家人的生活。还有一些人追求一种新的美国梦，较少着眼于金钱利益，更侧重于一个简单，充实的生活。

老美成天喊要实现AMERICAN DREAM， 可究竟什么是美国梦，在不同的
时代大概有不同的涵义。在现在的美国，所谓的美国梦似乎完全物质化了，
有份工资不错、又不需要累得象孙子似的工作，有自己的喜欢的房
子、车子，没准再加上条游艇，这就是AMERICAN DREAM的主要内容了

The American Dream is an idea for liberty and better life, supposed to apply for everybody. The level of American Dream one can reached is dependent ‘upon one’s ability or achievement’. In short, if you want to attain your American Dream, there will be nothing to stop you from reaching it except yourself. This is first coined by a historian James Truslow Adams in his 1931 book ‘The Epic of America’. The foundation of this ’Dream’ can be found in the Declaration of Independence’ written in 1776: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
Such new vision of freedom to pursuit one’s dreams and possible success attracted many people from all over the world. It is especially powerful to Third World citizens. There were, indeed, many examples of individuals, rather than governments took center-stage in devising policies, making socio--legal changes, started developmental initiatives or made economic gains. There is no single definition of American Dream to fit everyone’s perception. A good number of US citizens equate achieving their dream by quantifying and qualifying their materialistic inventory or amount of money in banks. American dream revolves around one’s dream car, dream house, dream address, dream job, dream pay, dream spouse, dream family etc, etc.
In order to fully appropriate the full spectrum of American Dream, it is necessary to look at its darker side like slavery, racism, the PATRIOT Act passed by US congress in 2011 and the explosive news about US wiretapping everybody on this planet. These events certainly erode the phrase ‘all men are created equal … (have) rights (to) life, liberty and happiness’.
Lastly, let us take a look of chance of achieving American Dream if you are in US. Over the years, this chance has shrunk for non-white, poor socio-economic young men and women. It is more and more difficult for young people to own their own homes, get decent paying jobs with fair job security future etc. It is also difficult for young people able to afford post-secondary education if they are from a poor family. There are many more examples. All in all, present generation faced less chance when comparing to last generation. In general, you have a better chance achieving your ‘American Dream’ outside of US. You will be better off trying to make it in Finland, Norway, Canada, and China. It is also important to know another statistic: if your parent is poor, there is a 43% chance so will you.
If such term, American Dream, is such a delusional illusion, why so many people are still talking about it? It is because all governments on this Earth use terms of hope regardless if it’s only true to some but not the majority. The rich and powerful also need this term to keep us all in line to be productive.

USA meng

America dream

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延吉市17117769054： “美国梦”怎么翻译成英语? - ？
贾坚那妥： ＂The American Dream is ＂that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.

延吉市17117769054： What is the American Dream? - ？
贾坚那妥： 所谓的美国梦(American Dream),是一种相信只要在美国经过努力不懈的奋斗便能获致更好生活的理想,亦即人们必须透过自己的工作勤奋、勇气、创意、和决心迈向繁荣,而非依赖于特定的社会阶级和他人的援助.

延吉市17117769054： The American Dream译文 - ？
贾坚那妥： 美国梦是这样一种信念:每一个美国人都有机会获得成功和财富.对于普通人来说,它是幸福的家庭,理想的工作,漂亮的房子.对少数民族和移民来说,它包括自由和平等的权利.

延吉市17117769054： 什么是美国梦???要英文解释~~~字数200字左右 - ？
贾坚那妥： http://pdf.sznews.com/szdaily/2001/0226s/7.htm American dream美国梦 California is full for foreign immigrants who came to the US to share the American dream, a popular belief that hard work will bring forth America's bounty in the form of material well-being. 加州有许多外国移民,他们来美国是为了分享美国梦,即一种广为接受的信仰,认为在美国只要奋斗就能成为富翁.

延吉市17117769054： 什么是美国梦 有没有英文版下定义的 - ？
贾坚那妥： 标准答案: The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. In the definition of the American Dream by ...

延吉市17117769054： 英语翻译“美国梦”是美国人最为珍惜的信仰或梦想.传统的美剐梦足一种关于自由、十地、平等和机会的保证,笃信进取心、勇敢和辛勤工作是获得成功的关... - ？
贾坚那妥：[答案] ＂American Dream＂ is the most cherished American beliefs or dreams.TraditionalUS Ð foot of a dream of freedom,10,the guarantee of equality and opportunity,believe inInitiative,courage and hard work...

延吉市17117769054： 用英文介绍汉字梦的意思,代表了什么 - ？
贾坚那妥： “中国梦”是当今最重要的一个话题,然而它的英文翻译十分混乱,有的翻译成“China Dream”,有的则是“Chinese Dream”.而且第一种译法明显占上风,各大媒体、宣传广告、甚至官方的同声翻译都用的是“China Dream”,然而正确...

延吉市17117769054： 英语翻译“美国梦”是一个被众多美国人普遍信仰的信念,机会均等是“美国梦”的灵魂.聪明、勤奋与坚忍不拔是美国梦的必要条件,而幅度巨大的社会阶... - ？
贾坚那妥：[答案] ＂The American dream＂ is the faith which is generally believed by themultitudinous American, equal opportunity is ＂the American dream＂ thesoul. Intelligent, diligent and endures does not pull out is th...

延吉市17117769054： 我有一个美国梦英文怎么说? - ？
贾坚那妥： I have a dream in USA