分词短语 知识讲解 什么叫做分词短语做状语
分词（短语）作状语是非谓语动词的一个重要用法，也是高考考查的一个热点。分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，分别等于被省略的状语从句或并列谓语结构。作状语在句首时，有时可以和when，unless, once, while, if, though 等连词连用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语常和全句主语一致，可根据主动、被动关系以及其时态意义，选择现在分词、过去分词的其他形式。掌握其用法可从以下几个方面入手：一、掌握分词作状语时与句子主语的关系1、过去分词作状语时，与句子主语（即过去分词的逻辑主语）存在被动的关系，有时还表示动作已经完成。例如：Seen from the top of the hill, the train looks like a snake.（表示被动，分词动作与句子谓语动作同时发生）从这座山上看来，火车就像一条蛇。Told many times, he hasn’t remembered it. （表示被动，分词动作先于句子谓语动作发生）已经被多次告知，他还是未能记住这事。而现在分词作状语，与句子主语存在主动关系。Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.使用一般式还是完成式，主语语态还是被动语态，主要根据分词与句中谓语的时间关系、分词与句中的主语的关系来确定。Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried.Being treated, the injured cried all the time.[考例] ①（2003北京）________ time , he’ll make a first—class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given②（2000上海）_________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding③_______a reply, he decided to write again. ( 92 )A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received④“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob , ____ out of the window. ( 04 四川 吉林)A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked2、某些过去分词（短语）由于来源于系表结构，有些甚至具有形容词的特征，因此，虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意义上的主动关系，但仍然用它们的过去分词来作状语。这类过去分词（短语）常见的主要有：caught in , devoted to （忠实于；热爱），disappointed at , determined to . dressed in , exhausted（疲惫不堪），hidden, lost in （沉湎于）, prepared for, seated, tired of （厌倦）等。例如：Caught in the heavy rain, Jennifer didn’t arrive on time.遭遇大雨，詹妮弗没有按时到达。Disappointed at the examination results, the top student sat there in stony silence.对考试结果很失望，那位尖子生一言不发地坐在那儿。Entirely devoted to the Party, the young soldier gave his life for his country.对党无限忠诚，这位年轻的士兵为祖国献出了生命。[考例] ⑤（NMET1996）______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.二、掌握分词作状语在句中的位置分词作状语，常位于句首，也可以位于句尾，间或也可位于句中（主语后面），均需用逗号与句子主干分隔开。例如：Being sick, I stayed at home.Realizing that she couldn’t move the heavy box, she asked me to help her.He came running back to tell me the news.Followed by his assistants, the professor walked out of the hall.The professor walked out of the hall, followed by his assistants.The professor, followed by his assistants, walked out of the hall.[考例] ⑥（2003北京春）Mr. Smith, _____of the _____speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring⑦(2004上海春） After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____.A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted三、掌握分词作状语与状语从句之间的转换分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等。所以这些短语往往可以把它转化成对应的从句或句子。① 表示时间Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.(=When I looked out of the window….)我从窗户望出去，看见几个学生在那儿玩。Heated, water will turn into vapour.（= When it is heated,….）水受热就会变成水蒸气。Asked why he was late , he went red. (= When he was asked why ….)问他为什么迟到，他涨红了脸。Having done my shopping, I returned home. (= When I had done…/ After I had done …)买完东西，我就回家了。② 表示原因Being League members, we are ready to help others.由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。(Since we are League members，….)Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder.在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。(Since we are inspired by what he said, ….)She asked me to help her, realizing that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone.她请我帮帮她，因为她意识到她一个人搬不动那个沉重的衣箱。Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him. 由于不知他的地址，我无法给他写信。(Since I didn’t know his address, …)Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried.由于很长时间没收到他的信了，她感到有点担心。(Because she hadn’t received his letter for long, ….)③ 表示条件Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. (= If you work hard ,…) 如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。Given more time , we could have done it better. ( If we had been given more time,….)如果给我们的时间多一些，我们本来会做得更好。United, we stand; divided, we fall. (= If we are united, …; if we are divided,…)团结一致，我们就会成功；各自为政，我们就会失败。④ 表示伴随或方式The boy sat in front of the farm—house cutting the branch.那男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。（伴随）He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。（方式）An old man entered, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走进来。（方式）⑤表示结果The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 大风刮到了一千五百万棵树，阻塞了大小道路和铁路线。European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 八十个国家踢的都是欧式足球，这使得它成为世界上最普及的一项体育运动。因此，有时可以在作状语的分词前视其所表示的情况添加连词when ,while, if, once, though, unless, as, if, even if 等，这种“连词+分词”作状语可看作在连词与分词之间省略了与句子主语相同的主语及相关成分。例如：If ( I am)given another chance, I will do it much better.要是再得到一次机会，我会把它做得更好。When (the museum is)completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.博物馆一竣工，就会在来年对公众开发。Even if (I were)invited to the party, I wouldn’t go.即使受邀去参加聚会，我也不回去。[考例] ⑧(NMET 2002) The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun⑨（上海1998） If _______ the same treatment again , he is sure to get well.A. giving B. give C. given D. being given⑩(2003上海春) Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited⑾（2004湖北）________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared四、分词作状语时，若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则须在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。例如：Her homework finished, Jessica went out for a walk. 作业做完后，杰西卡出去散步了。The question settled, the meeting ended. 问题得到解决，会议就结束了。Night coming on , we started for home.Weather permitting , we’ll go there on foot.注意：有时“逻辑主语+分词”独立主格结构可由with引出。以上也可改为：With her homework finished, Jessica went out for a walk.With the question settled, the meeting ended.[考例] ⑿ (MET1992) The murderer was brought in with his hands ______ behind his back.A. being tired B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied五、一般说来，分词在句中都有其逻辑主语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是主句的主语或宾语。如果分词的逻辑主语不在句中，则分词前可加上其自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。英语中有一部分分词短语，它独立存在，没有自己的逻辑主语。
I．基本概念
1.分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
2.分词的否定式直接在分词前面加not.
II.分词短语作状语时若表“正在被…”的概念，常用过去分词而不用现在分词的被动式。
Followed by some students, the professor entered the lab.
II.分词短语作状语的功能
1. 做原因状语
Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
Taken good care of, the homeless child is living a happy life.
Not knowing where to go, the little boy asked a policeman for help.
Not having been invited to the party, Joan was greatly hurt.
Having lost the key, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
2. 做条件状语
Given more care,the flowers could have grown better.
Given ten more minutes, I will finish the work better.
3. 做伴随状语
The old man walked in the street, followed by his son.
He was sitting there, lost in deep thought.
4. 做方式状语
5. 做时间状语
Leaving some questions unanswered, the man said goodbye to us.
Walking down the street the other day, I saw a terrible accident.
III．
1.现在分词完成式表示分词的动作发生在句中谓语动作之前，一般在句中做时间或原因状语。
Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.
2.现在分词的完成被动式与过去分词都表“完成”“被动”，但前者更加强调分词动作先于谓语动作，而后者的时间性不强。
Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.
IV.
1. 分词作状语时，其句子的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
While crossing the street, you should look around.
2. 当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，分词需要带自己的主语，从而构成独立主格结构。
The meeting being over, we all left the hall.(时间状语)
Health permitting，I will go and visit you.(条件状语)
He ran on the playground, sweat rolling down his face.(伴随状语)
Tom stood at the door, his hands crossed behind his head.(伴随状语)
The president being absent , they had to put off the ceremony.(原因状语)
1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear,
see,
arrive,
return,
get
to,
look,
open,
close,
leave,
turn
around,
walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。如：
hearing
their
teacher's
voice,
the
pupils
stopped
talking
at
once.（=
on
hearing
their
teacher's
voice…
=
when
they
heard
their
teacher's
voice,
the
pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2．谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when
/while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如：
don't
be
careless
when
/while
having
an
exam.
=
don't
be
careless
in
having
an
exam.
=
don't
be
careless
when
/
while
you
are
having
an
exam.
考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3．分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having胆订册寡夭干差吮倡经
done的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after
/when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如：
having
finished
his
homework
the
boy
was
allowed
to
watch
tv
play.
after
having
finished
his
homework,
the
boy…
after
/when
he
had
finished
his
homework,
the
boy…
华婵洛珂： 首先要知道什么是分词.分词就是动词+ing或+ed的形成,称为现在分词和过去分词.既然分词是由动词变化而来,那么它就继承了动词原有的属性,即:可以带宾语或状语.这就构成了分词短语.分词也称为非谓语动词,不可以作谓语,但可...
天柱县18617666322： 什么是分词短语 - ？
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天柱县18617666322： 什么是分词短语,能否通俗一点说??? - ？
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天柱县18617666322： 英语中什么是分词短语啊! - ？
华婵洛珂： 即动词的-ing,-ed短语,(即动词的现在式和过去式形式),可做定语或状语. The boys tanding by the door is a student.(其中的 standing by the door 就是ing短语做定语修饰boys.) Knowing the news,he got excited.(knowing the news 短语做状语) ...
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华婵洛珂：[答案] 分词短语包括现在分词短语和过去分词短语,是指现在分词或过去分词与其他的成分组成的结构.如 :Do you know the boy named Li Ming named Li Ming 就是一个过去分词短语I have some trouble learning English gramma...
天柱县18617666322： 英语中什么是分词短语啊!做练习时碰到几道要用分词短语写的句子,问一下什么是分词短语! - ？
华婵洛珂：[答案] 即动词的-ing,-ed短语,(即动词的现在式和过去式形式),可做定语或状语. The boys tanding by the door is a student.(其中的 standing by the door 就是ing短语做定语修饰boys.) Knowing the news,he got excited.(knowing the news 短语做状语) He ...
天柱县18617666322： 分词短语 知识讲解 什么叫做分词短语做状语 - ？
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华婵洛珂： 有现在分词和过去分词 分词后面加上短语构成分词短语 在句子中可做状语 定语 等 比如说 The boy called xiaoming is my best friend. called 是过去分词做定语.修饰boy 可以翻译为 叫做小明的男孩 又如说 There was a terrible noise following the ...
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华婵洛珂： 楼主你好,介词短语是介词加上其他代词、名词或词组构成的短语,如on account of, in addition, over the horizon. 构成介词短语的介词主要有in, at , on, about, beyond 等分词短语有现在分词或过去分词构成的短语就叫分词短语.分词短语语法上比较简单,现在分词如动词的ing形式(write-writing, draw-drawing 等),过去分词有不规则变化和规则变化两种.
天柱县18617666322： 什么是介词短语?什么是分词短语? - ？
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