初中英语后面要加不定式的短语

初中英语中只能接动词不定式的单词有哪些？？只能接~

1 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

7.2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

7.3 不定式主语

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.

7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

7.5 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.

7.6 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.

7.7 不定式作状语

1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.

典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

7.8 用作介词的to

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

7.9 省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

7.10 动词不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。
It's never too late to mend. (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
劳驾，现在几点了。

7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not

"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?

7.14 不定式的时态和语态

时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

7.15 动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

参考资料：http://hi.baidu.com/%D3%C2%D5%DF%CE%DE%BE%E5_0/blog/item/a67f5e4603c7920a6a63e5f5.html

不定式是英语动词的非限定形式之一，是英语中一种非常活跃的语言现象，不带to的不定式（bare infinitive）是我们学习、掌握和运用这一语法现象的难点。本文的目的就是要对不带to的不定式作一粗浅的探讨。首先要指出的是，不带to的不定式的使用实际上非常普遍，主要用在情态动词和助动词will，shall，would，should，can，could，may，might，must…以及在作为情态动词的need和dare之后。但因为这一点在学习英语的过程中极易掌握，故不在此赘述。除此以外，在下列情况下也要使用不带to的动词不定式。

1．在see，feel，hear，watch，observe，listen to，look at等感官动词或短语以及let，have，make等表示祈使意义的动词后面；不定式作宾语补足语不能带to；help后面的不定式可以不带to，也可以保留to；know在一定的条件下，后面的不定式作宾语补足语时可以不带to。例如：

I saw the man come ont of the house．

I heard her say that she was fed up．

We felt the house shake．

They watched the sun sink into the sea．

Did you notice him pause？

They did not observe Christine come in and go upstairs．

She sat listening to him climb the stairs．

Look at the boy run！

I'll let you know as soon as I hear from her．

I had him mend my watch．

Electricity makes motors run．

He helped me（to） plant trees．

I have never known him sing so beautifully．

不带to的动词不定式跟在上述动词后面时，情况比较复杂，有以下几个问题须特别注意：

（1）当上述句子变成被动语态时，原来作宾语补足语的不定式则相应地成为主语补足语。这时，不定式就一定要带to，以上述句子为例：

The man was seen to come out of the house．

She was heard to say that she was fed up．

（后面的句子以此类推）其原因是“英语中还有一条规律：凡是被动的动词都不能和不带to的不定式连用。其中只有let除外，原因是作主语补足语的不定式是单音节词。例如：

The students were let go after class．

The grass was let grow．

（2）不定式在help之后，既可以用作宾语补足语，也可直接作宾语，例如：

This book will help（to）improve your English．

help之后不定式带to还是不带to可能有以下几种区别：①不带to结构在非正式文体中更为常见。②用不带to的不定式在美国英语中似乎比在英国英语中更常见。③决定不定式带不带to主要牵涉到主语，如果主语不能参与到不定式的动作中去，则不定式通常都要带to。例如：

This book helps to see the truth．

This book will help you to use English．

（3）have known后面跟的不定式可以不带to，也可以保留to。例如：

I have known her（to）lie．

never knew和have never known的后面通常跟不带to的不定式，但偶尔也可以见到带to的不定式。例如：

I never knew him do anything without a good reason．

I have never known him say this before．

I have never known her to tell lies．（张道真，1984）

（4）如果在feel，know，observe，see后面跟的不定式是be，则to不可省略。例如：

We all felt that to be the highest praise．

We know him to be brave．

The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman's de-sire for profits．

Now I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning．

应该注意到的是feel和see这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。

2．当句子的主语部分是实意动词do时，作主语补足语（表语）的不定式可以省略to，也可以保留to。具体可以分为以下几种情况：

（1）主语由一个以do为谓语动词的定语从句修饰。例如：

All he could do was（to）rush into the room．

The only thing he did was（to）boss us around．

I felt the kindest thing I could do would be walk away．

Another thing the bonsai-grower must do is trim the roots and branches of thetree periodically．

（2）主语是从句，其中有do。例如：

What we all do is（to）talk Class Two into a football match．

Everybody says I'd make a great engineer but what I really want to do is write．

（3）主语是to do作定语修饰的thing。例如：

The thing to do is（to） clear the road．

（4）当主语是不定式而主语补足语（表语）中有do时，必须省略to。例如：

Turn off the gas was all I did．

3．在口语里，用在祈使句中或者不定式go或come后面的不定式有时可以省略to。例如：

Go ask her．

I'll go see the doctor．

Miss Wood's going to marry a missionary and go live in China．

She'd bettet come get you，anyway．

Why not call John and ask him to come have dinner with us？

4．介词but和except后面可以跟不定式(前有do后无to)。如果这两个介词前面是do nothing，do anything，do everything，there is nothing to do等，其后的不定式不带to。例如：

I could do nothing but wait．

I have seen no one and done nothing except read newspapers and watch televi-sion．

He will do anything except lend you money．

She can do everything except cook．

So there was nothing to do but follow．

Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat．

有时在besides的后面也可以跟不带to的不定式。例如：

That afternoon I had nothing to do besides answer letters．

5．Why在疑问词中是唯一能不用助动词便可引导疑问句的。其结构为why+不带to的不定式或why not+不带to的不定式。两种结构虽然都是疑问句的形式，但却分别表示不同的意思。前者通常用来表明做某事是愚蠢的或无意义的，意为“干嘛要……”。后者实际是用来提出建议或劝告，意为“何不……”或“干嘛不……”。例如：

Why get so disappointed？That will do you barm．

Why stand up if you can sit down？

Why not apologize and ask his pardon？

Why not go there with them？

6．rather than位于句首时后接不带to的不定式，而位于句末时，其后的不定式可以不带to，也可以保留to。例如：

Rather than cause trouble，he left．

He walks to his office every day rather than（to）go by bus．

7．had better，had best，would rather，would sooner，would as soon后面跟不带to的不定式。例如：

You'd better get some sleep．

You had best get home before midnight．

I would rather not go out tonight，if you don't mind．

I'd sooner stay at home．

I would as soon do it by myself．

8．在let，make，leave，hear等动词和其他动词构成的固定词组中用不带to的不定式。例如：

He let go the boy．他放开了那个男孩。

We mustn't let slip such an opportunity．我们一定不能错过这样一个机会。

I can make do on my salary．我能靠工资维持生活。

The children are making believe that they are princes and princesses．孩子们假装他们是王子和公主。

Don't leave go until I tell you．我不说你不要放手。

I have heard say he is a miser． 我听说他是一个守财奴。

不带to的不定式是一种比较复杂的语言现象，在这样一篇小文中不可能详尽论述。以上所谈只是这一语法现象的主要用法，要想较好地掌握它，还须在平时学习和运用英语的过程中随时注意总结。



1, 在以下这些动词的后面只能接动名词，而不能接动词不定式： suggest 建议　　　　finish完成　　 stop 停止（做某事） can't help 禁不住 mind 介意　　　admit 承认 enjoy 喜欢　　　　　put off 推迟　　delay 耽误 practise 练习 consider 考虑　　miss 错过 escape逃脱 keep 继续 advise 建议 allow 允许 permit 准许 avoid 避免 2，在下列短语之后也常常使用动名词： insist on 坚持 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be afraid of 对……害怕 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长于…… dream of 梦想 feel like 想要 prevent/keep/stop . . . from 阻止 spend . . . in 在……花费 get/be used to 习惯于 be proud of 感到自豪 be tired of 对……厌倦 look forward to 感到自豪 thank . . . for 因……感谢 excuse . . . for 因……道歉 succeed in 在……成功 depend on 依靠 be suitable for 适合于

1.can,could,may,should,might,must,ought,need,have,let,make,help sb+do sth.

2.want,would like,like,love,be going to,go on,hate,begin,continue,start,ask,tell,afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,believe, care,choose,claim,come,consent,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,decline, expect,elect,fail,offer,happen,seem,refuse,wait,pretend,promise,wish,hope, mean,long,learn,seek,intend,tend,manage,prepare,remember,forget,plan.等可以用与接不定式(to do)，但其中有些词也可以接别的形式，比如动名词等形式(doing)．

3.可以用于”动词＋宾语＋不定式”的词．(即:v.+sb/sth+to do)
advise,allow,appoint,believe,cause,compel,consider,drive,get,guess,invite, judge,know,report,select,state,trust,intend,say,teach,want,beg,warn,expect, intend,pretend,understand,order,send,remind,judge,like,find,force,forbid, encourage.等词可以用于此结构。

4.doing: start/begin/keep/feel like /practice/like/allowed/pay attention to /be used to/consider +doing sth.(所有介词后面都加doing sth.)
see/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth
keep/prevent/stop+from doing sth

1. 聘it作形式定语

动词不定式作宾语且过长时常请it作形式宾语，而让真正的宾语——不定式断后。例如：

The man downstairs found it hard to fall asleep.

2. 小品词to 的回避与复出

许多动词如teach，ask （要；让），tell，beg 等后常有带to的动词不定式作宾补；但let，have，make （让；使），feel，hear 等后作宾补的不定式结构，to 要回避。但在被动语态里to须“重出江湖”；help 后作宾补的不定式可加to，也可省略to.例如：

The policeman made the young woman move her car.

The young woman was made to move her car by the policeman.

[提示] 对不定式进行否定可在其前加not.如：let sb not do sth； tell sb not to do sth. 把直接引语为祈使句的句子变为间接引语，直接引语一般转换成不定式作宾补。例如：

The policeman said. “Don’t play football in the street，children！”

The policeman asked the children not to play football in the street.

3. 回答原因，作目的状语

不定式（短语）常跟在come， go， run， hurry 等动词后作目的状语；或以“in order to +动词原形”、“so as to +动词原形”等形式出现，或回答what . . . for？ / why . . . ？问句。例如：

-Hi， Peter！ Why are you in such a hurry？

-To catch the 7：30 train.

[提示] 有时目的状语可置于句首，意为“为了……”，相当于in order to.例如：

To catch the bus， you must get up early.

在stop后的动词不定式其实是作目的状语，意为“停下来做另一件事”。例如：

Let’s stop to have a meal. I know a good restaurant near here.

4. 作状语，简化相应的复合句

作结果状语的不定式常以“enough to . . . ，only to . . . ， too . . . to . . . ”等形式出场，并能简化成so . . . that . . . 句式。例如：

Liu Mei was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope.

Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope.

5. 作后置定语

作定语时，不定式（短语）常置于被修饰的名词、不定代词等之后。例如：

Now China is the third country to send its astronauts into space after Russia and the US.

[提示]如果不定式（短语）是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词/副词。例如：

I found a nice place for him to live in.

6. 不定式be to do sth可表将来

be to do sth 表将来，意为“将要做某事”。例如：

Our train is to leave at eight.

7. 时代弄潮儿——“疑问词+不定式”

“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词which， who （m）， what 和疑问副词how， when， where 等，并常简化相应的从句，但当主句与从句的主语不一致时，不定式常用被动形式。例如：

The little girl wanted to know when her father could take her to Pairs.

The little girl wanted to know when to be taken to Pairs by her father.

第一个回答的太多了吧

refuse to do
like to do
stop to do
start to do

take measures to do

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