七下英语归纳 在线等
作者&投稿：邢冰 （若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系）
5. Section B (3a):
Dear linda,
Thank for your letter and the photos .Here are some of my photos ,in the first photo ,I'm playing basketball at school .In the second photo ,I'm swimming at the pool .In the next photo ,you can see my family at home .We're eating dinner .In the last photo ,I'm with my sister Gina .She's doing her homework-I'm watching TV.
6.Section B(3a):Thank you for joining CCYV's Around The Workd show.Today ,we're in Australia .It's a beautiful sunny day!There are many people here on vacation .Some are taking photos .Othere are lying on the beach look cool!I am surprised they can play in this heat .This is a very interesting place.The people are really very relaxed!
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1．How is the weather? 天气怎么样？ In the raining. 在下雨。 2．What are you doing? 你正在做什么？ I'm watching TV. 我在看电视。 3．What are they doing? 他们在做什么？ They are studying. 他们在学习。
4．What is he doing? 他在做什么？ He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。 5．What is she doing ? 她在做什么？ She is cooking . 她在做饭。 三．重难点解析
1、 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换)
① How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?) ② What’s the weather like in Beijing? ( What’s the weather like today?) 2、 回答上面问题的句式：
①It’s + adj. (形容词) Eg: It’s windy.
3 、How’s it going (with you)? ① Not bad. ② Great! ③ Terrible! ④ Pretty good. 4、 Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around The Word show. 5、 I am surprised they can play in this heat.
6、 Everyone is having a good time.
7、 People are wearing hats and scarfs.
① wear 指穿衣服的状态。 ② put on 指穿衣服的动作。Please put on your old clothes 四．谈论天气的日常用语
1. It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。 2. Lovely weather,isn’t it? 天气真好，是吗？ 3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。 4. It’s raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。 5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。 6. It’s blowing hard. 风刮得很大。
7. It’s snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。 8. The snow won’t last long. 雪不会持续太久。 9. It’s very foggy. 雾很大。 10. The fog is beginning to lift. 正在收雾。 11. It’s thundering and lightening. 雷电交加。12. What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？ 13. What’s the weather report for tomorrow? 天气预报明天怎么样？ 14. It’s quite different from the weather report. 这和天气预报相差很大。
15. It’s rather changeable. 天气变化无常。 16. What’s the temperature? 温度是多少？ 17. It’s two below zero. 零下二度。 18. The temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天温度低多了
一、重点句子
1. Where is your pen pal(=pen friend) from? He is from (comes from) Australia.
2. Where does he live? He lives in Pairs.
3. What language do you speak? I speak English.
4. Does she have any brothers or sisters? (注意：选择疑问句回答是不用yes或no)
5. What's her favorite subject? Her favorite subject is ……….
6. Is that you new pen pal? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
7. They have pen pals in the United Kingdom and Australia.
8. I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
9. Can you write to me soon?
10. Please write and tell me about yourself.
二、重点词组、短语及个别词的用法
1. be from=come from 13. France（法国）---French（法语.法国的）
2.Japanese for kids 儿童日语 14. Japan （日本）----Japanese（日语日本人）
3. Chinese is fun 趣味汉语
4. Our world in English 英语世界 15.China（中国）----Chinese（汉语.中国人）
5. French for today 今日法语
6. live in +地点 住在…….. 16.Australia（澳大利亚）-Australian（澳大利亚人）
7. a little 一点儿 （修饰不可数名词）
Little 几乎没有
8. like to do sth / like doing sth 喜欢做某事
9. on weekends 在周末
10. Canada （加拿大）--------Canadian (加拿大人)
11. the United States=the USA=America（美国）-------American（美国人）
12 the United Kingdom=the UK =England (英国)----English(英国人)
注意：Japanese 与Chinese 的复数形式与原形相同
city---cities country----countries
Unit Two Is there a post office near hear?
一、重点句子
1. Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is.( 注意 there be 句型)
2. Where is the …….? It's ………(注意某地有某物的表达)
3. Just go straight and turn left.
4. It's down Bridge Street on the right.
5. Thank you very much.= You are welcome.
6. Turn left on first Avenue and enjoy the city's quiet streets and small parks.
7. Take a walk through the park on Center Avenue.
8. This is the beginning of the garden tour.
9. Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.
10. Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
11.If you're hungry ,you can buy some food in the supermarket.
12. I know you are arriving next Sunday.
13. Let me tell the way to my house.
14. You pass a bank on your right and then go down Long Street.
15.Go down Bridge Street and turn left at New Park.
16.I hope you have a good trip. Thank you .
二、重点词组，短语及用法
1. there be ( is/ are/ was / were)句型的用法
2. library-----libraries
3.on Center Street (在某条街用on，在左边，右边用on，在拐弯处，在拐角用at)
4. near here = in the neighborhood 在附近
5. across from 在…….对面 next to ……. 紧挨着………
6. in front of …..在…….之前------------behind 在………之后
in the front of 在…..前面（指物体内部的前面）
7. Excuse me.
8. turn left / right左/右转 on left /right在左/ 右边
on one's left/right在某人的左/右边
9.on the left/right side of sth 在某物的左/右边
10. go straight 一直往前走
11. clean -----dirty new----old quiet----busy small----big
12. an old hotel 一个旧的旅馆
13. welcome to………欢迎到……
14. take a walk through …………步行通过
15. have fun doing sth 做谋事开心
16. at the beginning of 在……开始
17. arrive at + 小地点 arrive at school
arrive in + 大地点 arrive in Beijing
18. the way to ….. 到……的路
19. take a taxi / bus 乘出租车/公共汽车
20. go down ….. 沿着……..
21. 几种问路的同义句：
Where is the …………
Can you tell me the way to……..
How can I get to ……..
Which is the way to……….
Unit There Why do you like koalas?
一、重点句型
1. Let's see the pandas first.
2. Why do you want to see the lions? Because they're cute.
3. Do you like…..?
4. What animals do you like ?
5. What other animals do you like?
6. She likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
7. Please be quiet.
8. Isn't he cute?
9.He sleeps during the day ,but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
10. He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
二、重点词组，短语及用法
1. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
2. why ……….. Because………..
3. an elephant an animal
4. an interesting +名词 一个有趣的……
5. kind of +形容词 有几分 It's kind of interesting.
a kind of…… 一种 a kind of movies
all kinds of = different kinds of 各种各样的 all kinds of books
6. be friendly to sb 对某人友好 She is friendly to us.
7. other 别的（后面经常跟名词） 词组：one….., the other ….
I have two pens, one is new, the other one is old.
What other questions do you want to ask?
else 别的 ，其它的（放在疑问词或不定代词之后）
anything else what else do you want to ask?
8. like 的用法
like 像……. (介词) be like /look like / sound like
like 喜欢 (动词) like sth /like to do sth /like doing sth
What is he like? =What does he look like? 他长什么样？
What does he like? 他喜欢什么？
9. play with sth 玩某物 play with sb和某人一起玩
10. grass 草(不可数名词)
11. be quiet! 安静！！
12. during the day = in the day 在白天 at night 在夜晚
13. leaf ----leaves
14. relax 放松，休息
be relaxed 感到轻松（主语是人） be relaxing 令人轻松（主语是物）
He relaxes 8 hours a day.
I went to the beach yesterday, I was very relaxed.
Music is very relaxing.
Unit Four I want to be an actor.
一、重点句子
1. My uncle works in that restaurant.
2. What does he do? = what is he? = what is his job?
3. What do you do ?= what are you?= what is your job?
4.What does Ann's mother do? =what is Ann's mother?>
5. What do you want to be? I want to be a/an ………
6. What does she want to be? She wants to be a/an………
7. I work with people and money.
8. people give me their money or get their money from me .
9. I like talking to people.
10. I work late. I'm very busy when people go out to dinners.
11. I wear a whit uniform and I help doctors.
12.Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
13. I meet interesting people every day and ask them questions.
14. Does she work late? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
15. It's an exciting job.
16. If your answer is "Yes", then we have a job for you as a reporter
17. Do you want to work for a magazine?
18 Do you want to work with other young people?
19. Do you want to be in the school play?
20. We need an actor today!
21. We are an international school for children of 5-12.
二、词组，短语及其用法
1. want 想要
want sth 想要某物 He wants a book.
want to do sth 想要做某事 She wants to go out.
2. an actor
3.policeman ------policemen policewoman-----policewomen
4.wait（等待）--------waiter(侍者)
5. 名词所有格（请看以下例子，认真思考用法）
Tom's 汤姆的 my father's 我父亲的 the students' 学生们的
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Five minutes' walk = five--minute walk 五分钟的路程
6. want to be …..想成为…….
7. work with sb /sth 与………打交道
8. give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物
9. get sth from sb 从某人那里去回某物
10. in the day 在白天 at night 在夜晚
11. kind of + 有几分
12. thief ----- thieves 小偷
13. talk to sb 与某人谈话 talk with sb 与某人交谈（侧重与双方） talk about sth 谈论某事/某人
14. people 、clothes 没有单数形式
15. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
Be busy with sth 忙于某事
16. go out 外出、出去
17. in a hospital 在一家医院里 in hospital 在住院
18. an exciting movie an exciting job an interesting job
19. work hard 努力工作 刻苦学习
20. meet people 遇见某人
21. call sb at + 电话号码 给某人打电话
22. write stories 写故事
23. work for 为……..工作
24. work（不可数名词） job （可数名词）
Unit 5 I'm watching TV
一、重点句子
1. What are you doing? I'm watching TV.
2. What's he doing? He's reading.
3. This TV show is boring.
4. Is Nancy doing homework? No, she isn't.
5. When do you want to go? Let's go at six o' clock.
6. What's he taking?
7. What's he waiting for?
8. What are they talking about?
9. Where are the all doing?
10. Where do people play basketball? At school
11. Is Tina there? No, she isn't.
12. Thanks for your letter and the photos.
13. Here are some of my photos.
14. I'm with my sister Gina.
15. Here is a photo of my family.
二、词组，短语及用法
1. 现在进行时态的构成： 主语+ be+ v-ing
表示此时此刻正在发生或正在进行的动作
2. do one's homework （此处的do是"做"的意思）
3. talk on the phone
4. watch look see read 的大致区别：
watch 观看，看 watch TV 看电视 watch a football game 看一场足球比赛
see 看见（看的结果） I can see the bird in the tree.
look 看（看的动作） Please look at the blackboard.
read 阅读，读书，读报 She is reading a story.
5. go to the movies 去看电影
6. That sounds good. 那听起来不错
7. TV show 电视节目
8. at six o'clock 在六点钟
9. wait for sb /sth 等侯某人/某物
10. all 、 also 、often 、never 等副词应该放在be动词，情态动词及助动词之后，行为动词之前。He never stop talking. I often get up at six.
例如：We are all students. The boys can also swim.
They all like English. Lions also come from South Africa.
12. thanks for sth 谢谢某物 Thanks for your letter.
thanks for doing sth 谢谢做了某事 Thanks for joining us.
13. some of + 宾格代词(us / you /them ) some of us 我门当中的一些人
Some of +名词复数 some of the students 一些学生
14. in the first /second /next / last photo 在第一/第二/下一个/最后一张照片里
15. at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the pool 在游泳池 at the mall在商店
16. be with sb 与某人一起
He is with his parents. 他和他的父母在一起。
17. with 是一个介词，with短语不能做主语：
请区别以下两个句子：
Tom with his friends is playing soccer.
Tom and his friends are playing soccer.
18. a photo of my family 一张我家的照片
Unit 6 It's raining!
一、重点句子
1. How's the weather in Shanghai? = What's the weather like in Shanghai?
2. It's cloudy /sunny/ windy/ snowy/ rainy/ hot/ cold/ warm/ cool /humid……….
3. It's raining/snowing.
4. How is it going? Great / Not bad. / Terrible. / Pretty good. / Just so so.
5. Thank you for joining CCTV'S Around The World show.
6. There are many people here on vavation.
7. Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.
8. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball.
9. They look cool.
10. I'm surprised they can play in this heat.
11. What do you do when it's raining?
12. The people are really very relaxed.
13. Everyone is having a good time.
二、词组、短语
1. 部分名词经常在词尾加上y 构成形容词：
Sun---sunny wind -----windy cloud -----cloudy rain-----rainy snow---snowy health------healthy
2. play computer games 玩电脑游戏
3. study----studies-----studying-----studied
4. thank you for doing sth 谢谢你做了某事
5. CCTV'S Around World show 中央电视台的《环游世界》节目
6. on vacation 在度假
7. take a photo /photos 拍照
8. lie -----lies ------lying 躺
9. a group of ……. 一群 two group of……….两群
this group of 这群
10. look cool 看起来酷 look for 寻找
11. be surprised 感到吃惊
12. in this heat 在这炎热的天气里
13. be relaxed 感到放松
14. everyone、 nobody 、something、 anything 、everything等不定代词做主语，动词用第三人称单数形式。
Nobody knows that. 没有人知道那事。
15. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心
16 hope to do sth 希望做某事 ，不可以说hop sb to do sth
I hope to go to Beijing. 不能说I hope you to go to Beijing.
Unit 7 What does he look like?
一、重点句子
1. What does he look like? = What is he like? (be like = look like)
2. She is medium build and she has long hair.
3. Is that your friend? No, it isn't.
4. She always wears a red skirt and white shoes.
5. Wanglin is the captain of the basketball team.
6. She has short curly blonde hair.
7. She is a little bit quiet.
8. Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.
9. She has beautiful long black hair.
10. She never stops talking.
11. He has curly brown hair.
12. He likes reading and playing chess.
13. Do you remember Johnny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair?
14. I don't think he's so great.
二、短语词组
1. medium height 中等个子 medium build 中等身材
2. curly hair 卷发 long hair 长发 straight hair 直发
3. look like 看起来象 She looks like her mother.
4. shoes 常用复数
He has beautiful shoes, he likes them very much.
5. Class Five 五班 （注意大写）
6. the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
7. a little bit +形容词 一点儿
Today , it's a little bit cold. 今天有点儿冷。
8. love to do sth 喜爱做某事
Do you love to play basketball? 你爱打篮球吗？
9. stop doing sth 停止做某事
Stop to do sth 停下来开始做某事
Please stop talking to write. 请停止讲话，开始书写。
10. 请比较下列句子，注意 have /has 与 with 的区别：
She is short with long hair.
He has long hair.
Do you know that man with glasses?(戴)
11. a new look 一个新形象
12. think --------thought想 ，认为
He thinks you are right.(变否定)-----He doesn't think you are right.(否定前置)
13. do /does/did 经常用来代替前面所说过的动作，使句子避免重复。
------Who cleaned the room yesterday?
------LiLei did.
14. go shopping 去购物 go swimming 去游泳 go boating去划船
15. nobody作主语是，谓语动词用单三形式： Nobody knows me.
16.一些动词加上 er 或or 构成名词
teach----teacher 教师 sing----singer 歌手 write---writer 作家 visit---visitor参观者 report---reporter记者 wait----waiter 侍者 work----worker工人 drive---driver司机
注意：在秒素某人的外貌特征时，要区be动词和have/has ，名词前用have/has，形容词前用be动词。
Unit 8 I'd like some noodles.'
一、重点句子
1. I'd like some noodles.( 'd like = would like )
2. What kind of noodles would you like? Beef and tomato noodles.
3. What size bowl of noodles would you like?
4. He'd like a small /medium/large bowl of noodles.
5. What kind of noodles do you have?
6. What size of pizza would you like?
7. What would you like on the pizza?
8. Can I help you? = What can I do for you?
9. Special 1 has beef and onions , and is just RMB10 for 15.
10. The dumpling and soup lunch special is RMB 10.
11. We have some great specials.
12. Come and get your dumplings today.
二、词组，短语
1. would like = want 想要
would like sth 想要某物 He would like a bowl of noodles.
Would like to do 想要做某事 She would like to make dinner for us.
2. potato ------potatoes tomato-----tomatoes 英雄吃西红柿，黑人吃土豆
3. a bowl of 一碗 a glass of 一杯 （玻璃杯） a box of 一箱/一盒子
a bag of 一袋 a cup of 一杯（瓷杯）
two bowls of noodles 两碗米饭 three bags of apples 三袋子苹果
4. 多数情况下，名词做定语时（即名词修饰名词），定语不用复数。
an apple tree ----------five apple trees
beef and tomato noodles
但是，当第一个名词变复数为不规则变化时（如woman，man）例外：
A woman teacher --------two women teachers (前后两个名词都变复数)
A man doctor ------- three men doctors
5. a kind of this kind of what kind of three kinds of all kinds of
6. what size …….
7. strawberry------strawberries
8. beef mutton chicken broccoli
9. orange juice green tea iced tea
10. house of dumplings = dumplings house
11. at the house of dumplings
12. dessert () dessert house
13. give sb sth =give sth to sb
He gave me much money.=He gave much money to me.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、重点句子
1. What did you do last weekend? On Sunday morning, I watched TV.
2. I studied for the science test.
3. What /How about your friend ,Carol? She practiced English.
4. How was your weekend? It's was great. / Good. / It wasn't good. /It was not bad.
5. How was your mom's weekend?
6. You went to the mountains.
7. Yesterday, we asked ten students at No.3 middle school what they did last weekend.
8. For most students, the weekend was fun.
9. I had a busy weekend.
10. My aunt cooked dinner for me.
11. I read a book about history.
12. Do you think everyone enjoys their weekends?
13. He sat down and watched the dog play with a friendly black cat.
14. He looked for hid dog, but it wasn't there.
15. It was time to go home.
16. He doesn't want to do anything.
二、词组、短语
1. 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night，two days ago等
2. 一般过去时态的构成：
①肯定句： 主语+ 动词的过去时
I visited my grandfather last weeked.
②一般疑问句：
A. be动词做谓语
Was/were+主语+其他？ Yes，主语+was/were ./No , 主语+was not. /were not.
Were you at home last night? Yes, I was. NO ,I wasn't.
B. 实义动词做谓语
Did +主语+其他 ? Yes, 主语+did. / No, 主语+didn't.
Did you clean your room yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.
③否定句
A. be动词做谓语
主语+was/were+ not + 其他
She was not busy yesterday.
B. 实义动词做谓语
主语 + didn't + 其他
Tom didn't do his homework last night.
3. have a test = take an exam 进行测试
4. study for …..为……..而学习.
5. visit sb 拜访/看望某人
6. go to + 目的地 go to Beijing去北京 go home回家 go there到那儿 go here 到这儿
注意：home，there，here是副词，副词前不加任何介词。
7. stay at home 呆在家里
8. have a party 举行晚会
9. do some reading 读书 do some cooking做饭 do some washing 洗衣 do some cleaning 打扫卫生 do some listening练习听力
12. How about = What about ……..怎么样？
What about + v-ing ?做某事怎么样？ What about going shopping?去购物怎么样？
What about +sth ? 某物怎么样？ What about the watch?这块手表怎么样？
What about +sb? 某人怎么样？ / 某人的观点意见怎么样？
What about your mother?你妈妈怎么样？
My mother likes the scarf , what about your mother?
我妈妈喜欢喜欢这个围巾，你妈妈呢？
13. spend ----spent 度过，花费
sb spend some time (in ) doing sth 某人花一段时间做某事
sb spend some time on sth 某人花一段时间在某事上
I spent 2 hours in doing my homework.我花了2 个小时做我的家庭作业。
I spent 2 hours on my homework.我花了2 小时在我的家庭作业上。
sb spend some money (on )doing sth某人花钱买某物
Sb spend some money on sth.某人花钱在某物上
I spent 10yuan on buying this dictionary. 我花了10元钱买这本词典。
I spent 10yuan on this dictionary . 我花了10元钱在这本词典上。
14. in the middle of 在…….的中间
15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正做某事
16.talk show 谈话节目，脱口秀
17. for most kids 对大多数孩子来说
18. cook ……for = cook sb sth 为某人做…….
My aunt cooked dinner for me . = My aunt cooked me dinner.
注意：当morning，afternoon，evening，night这些名词被一个定语修饰时，前面的介词用on，而不用in ，on指具体的一天，in指不具体的某一日。
On a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚 on Sunday evening在星期天的晚上
另外，morning，afternoon，evening，night这些名词前有this，that，next，tomorrow，yesterday这些限定词修饰时，前面一律不用介词。
This morning 今天早晨 yesterday night 昨天晚上
终于打完了………………………………
蛤？？？？
不会自己归纳啊！
要不然就找老师啊！
懒懒懒啊！
英语很重要 要学会自己学习
老师不是为了看作业而留作业
一、词汇
词汇是学好英语的关键，没有足够的词汇就无从谈起听、说、读、写。
词汇量的大小决定一个学生英语水平的高低。因此在初中阶段除要掌握《大纲》要求的800多词汇外，还要扩充500个左右的词汇。在学习词汇的过程中，要掌握词的拼读规则，根据规则记忆单词；同时还要根据构词法知识记忆和扩充单词，通过语境理解和记忆单词也是一个最佳学习单词的好方法。目前词汇在中考试题中汉译英的试题越来越少，取而代之的是词汇在语境中的运用考查比重越来越大。在进入学习英语的初级阶段时，掌握语音知识是学好英语单词的基础，读准英语音素是拼读音标的前提。因此一定要熟练掌握48个音素，要做到会拼读、拼写。有些同学认为中考试题的笔试部分取消了对语音的考查，于是就其次，要注意训练自己听音、辨音和模仿的能力。课堂上，专心听老师的发音和磁带上的录音，争取当堂学会。对于那些比较拗口的单词、短语或句子，课下一定要挤时间反复模仿，直到读准、读熟为止。再次，熟练掌握读音规则，培养自己根据读音规则把字母(或字母组合)与读音建立起联系的能力。因为掌握拼读规则对单词的记忆很有好处。为此要经常复习巩固每单元最后一课的“Listen，read and say”和课本附录中的"Pronunciation and spelling”，如果不重视这些内容。我觉得这可是很大的缺撼。如果谁能够熟练掌握它，它可就成为你记忆单词的好帮手了。
说到记忆单词，这可是同学们普遍感到头疼的事。尤其是现行的新教材词汇量扩大了不少，记忆的难度就更大了。记不住单词，学好英语就无从谈起。所以突破单词这一难关非常关键。记忆单词的方法很多。
1.按读音记忆单词。实际上在你看单词时就要顺便看一眼音标，掌握字母及字母组合的读音规律。将所有符合规则的单词归类记忆。如：①按开、闭音节记忆，掌握元音字母的读音。Bag: cat, map, sad;cake: name, plane, date; desk: next, set, step, let; these: Chinese, Japanese; hit: big, ship, this, kill; like: side, nice, kite,mine ; not: dog, hot, stop, got; nose: note, those, close, hole ; bus: nut, cup, rubber, dust; use: huge等。②按字母组合记忆，掌握元音字母组合和辅音字母组合的读音，如：
bee, meet, see, keep等等，ee字母组合读/i:/；chair,
ch字母组合读/tS / 。
2.分音节记忆。单词不论长短，如果从第一个字母背到最后一个字母，是
很难记忆的。如：information，共11个字母组成，可以把它“大卸八
块”，分音节记忆就会很容易。in-for-ma-tion
3.音、形、义结合法
背单词将它的音、形、义结合起来，记忆牢固，速度也快。读准它的
音，看好它的形，明白它的义，尤其是一词多义，记忆时要提高分辨率。
如：orange是个兼类词，作可数名词意思是“桔子”；作形容词意思是
“桔色的”；作不可数名词意思是“桔汁”。可读音只有一
个/'orindJ/，词形一样。这样有意识地去分辨记忆就容易多了。
4.联想记忆来记单词。它主要包括以下几种形式：
① 对比联想记忆：
将同义词: study／learn(学习)，big／large／great(大的)，look／
see／watch(看)，hear／listen(听)，good／fine／well／
nice(好的)， door／gate(门)，like／love／enjoy(喜欢)等。
反义词: 如：big(大) →small(小)，dear(昂贵) →cheap(便宜)，hot
(热) →cold(冷)，slow(慢) →quick／fast(快)，thin(瘦)
→(胖)，in front of(在……前面) →behind(在……后面)，
south(南) →north(北)等。
同音词: too(也) →two(二)，for(为) →four(四)，right(正确) →
write(写)，by(乘) →buy(买)，blue(蓝色的) →blew(blow
的过去式)，sea(海洋) →see(看见)，son(儿子) →sun(太
阳), whether（是否）→weather（天气）
词形相近比较：want(想要)→wait(等待)，read(读)→ready(准备好
的)，wall(墙) →walk(走)，quite(很)→quiet(安静的)，
present(礼物)→parent(父母)等放到一起对比记忆。
同时还可以联想到一些义同形不同的词。如：由cost联想到pay，take和spend，并将这些意义相对、相同或读音相同的词的用法进行比较。
②归类联想记忆：把所学的单词按照不同的范畴分门别类, 将所学单词合理归类。
A.按词性归类。如：名词driver, name…,动词be, have, drive…,
形容词careful, happy…,副词carefully, happily…,介词in,
on at…,代词he, she, him, her…等。
B.按用途归类。如：服装类coat, shirt, skirt, sweater,
shoes…,食品类cake, rice, dumpling, noodle…,运动类
football, basketball, race, sport…,交通类traffic, bus,
car, taxi, train, plane, ship…,月份January, February,
March, April…,星期Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday和节日等。比如学习
Christmas一词时， 就联想到Children's Day，Women's Day，
Teachers’Day，Tree—Planting Day，Mid—autumn
Festival，National Day, New Year’s Day, Spring
Festival等一系列的节日名词。
③构词联想记忆：利用同根词(词形转换)联想记忆，注意词性。英语单
词中有许多词具有一词多性的特点，如open既可作动词用，又可作
形容词用。另一些词具有同一个词根，如单词care既具备名词性质
又具备动词性质，它的同根词有careful，carefully,careless，
carelessly，对于这些词，我们应重点记忆。再如：north→
northern，noise→noisy→noisily等。利用合成词联想记忆，如
学到moonlight这个词就想到它是由moon和light这两个词合成
的;classroom是由class与room合成的。
④搭配联想记忆：以一个单词为中心搭配不同的词而构成新的短语。这种语言现象非常多，如能经常使用此法则会牢固地记住所学的短语。如：
1）含有get的短语有：get ready for 为…… 做准备，get up 起 床，get on, with 与人相处，get down下来， get dressed穿衣服，get back取回；回来，got on 上车，get off下车，get to 到达，get out of从……出来, get lost迷路。
2）含go的短语有：go swimming去游泳, goes on继续；持续, go to school去上学, go to bed上床睡觉, goes home回家, go out for a walk出去散步, go away走开, goes down降落,go back回去, go on with继续做某事
3) 含look的短语有：look at 看, 1ook after照看;照顾, look the same 看起来很像, 1ook like看起来像, 1ook for寻找, 1ook up(在词典、参考书中)查找, 1ook over (医生)检查, 1ook around (round)环顾四周
4)含make的短语有：make room for 为……. 让地方, make sentences with 用……造句, made a face or made faces 做鬼脸, be made in在…制造 , be made of由…制成, make tea沏茶, make friends with 与……交朋友, make up编出, made a mistake出差错, make sure确保，确信, make a noise吵闹
5)含take的短语有：take your time 不急；慢慢来, take, medicine 吃药；服药, take a walk 散步,take, exercise 运动, take turns 轮流；替换, take care of 照料；照顾, take, out of 带走；拿出, taking off 脱掉, take a message for 给……捎个信
6)含come的短语有：came into 进来, come down 下来, come in 进来, come over 过来,come from 来自, come back 回来, come round 前来（过来）/ comes over, come on 快，加油, come out （花）开；出来, come along 赶快，快一点
7)含turn的短语有：turn off 关上, turn, up （把收音机等）开大一些, turn on 打开（灯等）, turn down （把收音机等）开小一些, turned white 变白, turn left 向左拐。
8)含have的短语有： have to 不得不, have an idea 有了主意, have a rest 休息, have breakfast吃早饭, have a look 看一看, have a good time玩得愉快, had better 最好,have a drink of 喝一点儿
只要你多留心，有意识地注意归纳总结，记忆单词和短语不是一件难事。
此外，老师课堂上播放朗读带，不只是单纯地听，而是一边听一边迅速地将
其写下来，做到耳、心、手、眼并用。总之，对于那些新近学的单词，要不厌其
烦地靠读、写、背等各种途径反复记忆。重复到一定的次数，就会成为长时间的
记忆，也就不会遗忘了。
（5）记忆单词还要靠勤奋，抓住零散时间进行记忆。记忆单词时，除了
以上方法外还要做到“五到①脑到—背单词时肯定要想着，不能开小差。
②眼到—仔细观察单词的写法。③口到—口里要念着单词。④耳到—听着
自己的读音。⑤手到—用手在书桌上或纸上写几遍这个单词。不要偷懒，
一定要边记边壁划。把各个器官动用起来，相信自己一定能记住更多的单
词。
有的同学认为单词的识记真很麻烦。其实并不麻烦。如果你能经常有意识
地这样做，时间久了，就会养成习惯。以后每遇到一个词就会不知不觉地去联
想。
一位外语专家曾经说过这样一句话：“千个单词至少在你眼前出现二十次
才能牢记。”同学们想想看，你所学的单词总共在眼前出现过多少次?这下你
也许找到记不住单词的原因了吧?
（6）学好英语做好课前预习和课后复习也是十分重要的。
你应该在每学习一课之前，先进行预习。预习可以提前扫清听课中的障碍。
通过预习，就像“火力侦察”，可以发现自己知识上的薄弱环节。在上课前迅速
补上这部分知识，这样，在理解新知识时就会很顺利。有的学生听讲效果不好，
其中一条主要原因，就是没有搞好预习。课前预习是学生学好新课，取得高效率
的学习成果的基础。如果搞不好课前预习，上新课时就会心里没底，听课就会变
得被动、难以消化，以致对全部接受新课丧失信心。反之如果做好了课前预习，
不仅可以提前扫清听课中的障碍，培养自学的能力，而且可以提高学习新课的兴
趣，掌握学习的主动权。
首先，熟悉并能记住大部分生词。校正单词读音。在了解了生词的基本
意思和词性用法后，应及时听课文录音磁带，一般情况下，要连续听2—3
遍，并跟着大声读，目的是校正生词读音，并且模仿朗读课文的语音语调，
提高说的能力。用这种方法校正单词读音，还可增强语感。
在自学时，你会经常遇到疑难问题?你是如何处理的?
当然。每遇到这种情况，首先是自己要认真地去思考，多角度地分析、推
敲。要知道，若是自己费尽了一番周折将某个难题弄个水落石出，那心里可真是
一种说不出的痛快。如果实在搞不清，你可以向老师或同学请教，绝不轻易放过
任何一个疑难问题。
二、语法
语法是学好英语的基础，它是掌握英语的工具。在你掌握了一定的词汇量
后，了解一些语法知识是非常必要的。选择填空是考查语法的一个重要题型。
它可以通过选择的方式考查名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、介词和
数词等等。覆盖面较广。
初中阶段所学的语法知识就是那么屈指可数的几个，反复练习过多遍，为什
么到头来还是出错呢?
这种一错再错的现象在学生中是普遍存在的，即某个题目在以前曾做错过，
以后再次见到这个题，还是做不对甚至犯同样的错误。我觉得问题的关键在于没
有彻底弄懂错误的原因或没有引起足够的重视。你应该把做错的每一道题，都要
进行认真、仔细的分析和思考：错在哪里?是对该知识点不了解还是粗心大意所
致?如何改正?怎样才能避免类似错误的发生?是否还有其它的解法?经过这一番反
思之后，再把它们记录到“错题库”中去。以后再碰到类似题目就基本上可以杜
绝错误的发生。尤其是那些易受思维定势影响的题目更应当这样去处理，否则就
很容易重蹈覆辙。
时态学习是中国学生最为头疼是一项语法项目。因为中国人在语言的表达中
只有时间的变化，而没有时态的概念，但英语中语言所表述的事情处在不同的时
间，要用不同的时态，而且时态的关键表述在句子的谓语动词上。有时背起规则
来很容易，但在句子的使用中却常常出现错误。
要准确地掌握初中阶段的五个基本时态，重要的还是要在句子中多运用。
1.掌握连系动词be，feel，look，get，turn等与表语连用的一般用法。
2.掌握延续性动词与瞬间动词在用法上的区别。
这类动词主要体现在过去时和完成时态中。
一、在现在完成时中延续性动词可与表示一段时间的介词短语for或since连用，而终止性动词的现在完成时则不能与一段时间连用。如：
I have bought this dictionary for three years．
这本字典我已买三年了。(误)
上句中的bought(buy的过去分词)是终止性动词，它不能与表示时间段
的短语连用，若要连用，就必须改变结构，可变为：I have had this
dictionary for three years．因此在学习中要注意归纳终止性动词变为
延续性动词。常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有come→be here，
begin／start→be on，borrow→keep， buy→have，die→be dead，
end／finish→be over，get up→be up，go(get)out→be out， fall
asleep→be asleep, leave→be away from, join→be in／be a
member of，put on→wear，catch a cold→have a cold等。
3.掌?罩��蔰o，will，shall，have，be在句中的作用。归纳时态，记住其结构。
4.掌握行为动词speak, write, read…在句子中时态变化的形式。
《大纲》中要求掌握的五个基本时态。理解各种时态的概念，掌握在句中的
结构和提示时态的时间状语。同时还要理解其他的三种时态“过去进行时、过去
将来时、过去完成时”。
下面将五个基本时态列表如下：
时态
时间
结构
一般
现在时
often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week…),
on Sunday
He/She/It+动词s
I/We/You/They+动词原形
一般
过去时
yesterday, … ago, last week,
in 2001
主语+动词的过去式
现在
进行时
now
主语+be+ 现在分词
现在
将来时
tomorrow, next week
主语+will/be going to+动词原形
现在
完成时
already, yet, ever, never, for+一段时间， since+时间起点
He/She/It has+过去分词
I/We/ You/They have +过去分词
动词在语言交流中是十分重要的，语法只是学好英语的工具，利用这个工具可以提高自己的自学能力。在理解时态的过程中要注意上下句或前后语境的提示。要注意动词的基本变化。
①例1：（2003 北京市）
②---What are Mr and Mrs Black doing?
③---They _______ tea in the garden.
④A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink
⑤【解析】
⑥此题考查现在进行时。
⑦从上句语境分析得知动作就发生在此时此刻，找准动词部分的结构，排
除干扰，得出正确答案。该句的问句在问“布莱克夫妇正在干什
么?”，回答应是“现在正在……”，现在进行时的结构是“be(am，is，
are)+现在分词”。
⑧例2（2003 重庆市）
⑨---I don’t know if his uncle___________.
⑩---I think he _________if it doesn’t rain.
A．comes；comes B．will come；will come
C．comes; comes D．comes; will come
【解析】
本题考查了两种时态在语境中的应用。先分清if引导的是个什么从
句，再根据语境确定各自的时态。第1空if在及物动词之后引导宾语从
句，意思是“是否”，该句的主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的动作还没有
发生，用将来时；第二个空if引导是条件状语从句，条件从句用一般现在
时,主句的谓语动词用将来时。
三、交际
《大纲》指出“使学生掌握一定的语言基本知识和基本
技能，建立初步的语感，获得初步运用英语的能力，为真实交际
打下基础”。学习语言的关键在于运用。同学们是否注重自己英
语，口语的练习呢?我们没有说外语的环境，但要尽量创造。每天
早上起床后，应该是先读上至少5分钟英语。大声朗读不仅可以练
习发音，形成良好的语感，而且对听力的提高也有着不可低估的
作用。另外，我们还要利用一切可能的机会用英语和同学、老师
或者其它懂英语的人打招呼或谈论事情。碰到生词，就汉英夹杂
着说。一开始，可能不太习惯，但没有关系，只要坚持就会有结
果。前苏联语言学家巴乌利•阿里斯德教授能流利地讲十五种外
语。他说：“我只要学会了100个单词，就立即用这种语言讲话。
一个怕出错的人永远也讲不了地道的外语。”看来，要想练好口
语，真要有“厚着脸皮，磨破嘴皮”的精神才行。
四、阅读
1.你是如何培养阅读能力的呢?
阅读理解难度较高，必须在有了充足的词汇的基础上才能进行阅读训练。它
是检查你英语学习水平的高低的重要标志。你是否在阅读上花了不少的力气呢？
要想提高阅读水平，除了学习课本外，必须在课外有意识地扩大阅读量，提高阅
读速度，掌握阅读技巧。养成课余阅读英文读物的习惯。刚开始时，由于词汇量
的限制，你可以阅读一些较浅显的文章，尽量读那些没有生词的简易读物。随着
词汇量的扩大，你的胃口也会越来越大。要多读原汁原味的文章，这样不仅开阔
了眼界，还学到了不少知识。一段时间下来，你的词汇量会丰富不少，理解能力
也有长足的进步。开始要有意地读一些诸如科普、历史、地理、环保、医学保健
方面的小品文。
有的同学还会经常碰到这样的问题：是文章本身对我来讲没有生词，但做阅
读理解题时经常会出现偏差。当然这种情况更多地是设计到阅读理解的考试。说
明你在阅读过程中遇到了理解上的障碍，因此在阅读理解中掌握一些答题技巧也
是十分重要的。
例如：
阅读理解（一）
about the weather, but nobody does anything about it."
people begin their talks by saying, "Isn't it a nice day?
""Do you think it will rain?" "I think it's going to
snow."
Many people think they can tell what the weather is
going to be like. But sometimes they don' t agree with
each other. One man may say, "Do you see how cloudy it is
in the east? It' s going to rain tomorrow. "Another man
will say, "Yes, it' s going to be fine tomorrow."
People often look for the weather they want. When a
farmer needs water,he looks for something to tell him it' s going to rain, and he doesn' t look for anything else. When
friends have a picnic, they hope the weather is going to
be fine and they can sit eating their lunch under the blue
sky.
Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But
he doesn ' t always tell us what we want, and sometimes he
makes a mistake. Still, he is right most of the time.
1.What's the best title for the passage?
A. How to Begin a Talk . B. Story about a Weatherman
C. Weather Report D. About Weather
1.通读全文，了解短文整体框架、大意及作者意向，并抓住主要信息及各段的中
心内容. (如各段有无共同的谈论对象或各段是否有共同的作用等.)认真体会
作者围绕着什么中心写.
2.忠实于原文, 切忌从主观出发,漫无边际地联想.
3.整体把握全文,切忌只凭文中的只言片语断章取义.
4.忌草率行事.选项中常有一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强，容易
迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进设计者设
置的?跋葳濉崩铩?
阅读理解（二）
Computers are very important to modern life. Many people
think that in the future computers will be used in lots of
everyday life. It is thought that we won' t have to go
shopping because we will be able to get most things which
are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more
books because we will be able to get all texts(内容) from
computers. The Internet will be used to play games, see
films and buy food. Most telephone calls will be made by
computers,too. Some people are glad about these new ways of
shopping and communicating(交际). Others do not think that
computers will replace(代替) our old ways of life.
Let's look at books, for example. Some people think
that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead,
we will buy and read books using computers. We will read
texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep
many different books in them at the same time. We won't
need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved.
Computerized books will be used more and more.
Is the Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the
shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go
Into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also
unlikely (不大可能) that many people will want to read large
texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be
more friendly. Maybe computers won't change these two
habits.
1 .The title for this passage is"______".
A. Computers will Replace Shops and Books
B. Computers are the Future
C. Computers will Do Everything for Man
D. How Computers Change Our Habits
A. 与原文意思不符,见第一段最后一行.
B. 全文都谈了人们的猜测:未来,电脑将被应用在日常生活的很多领域中, 有人
认为它能改变人们旧有的生活习惯而有人却认为不能.
C.过于绝对,文中没有可靠证据支持.
D.“电脑怎样改变我们的习惯”.
1.“how” 意为“怎样,用何方法”文中并未提到电脑怎样改变我们的习惯.第
1,2段提到的未来用电脑阅读,打电话或购物等只是它在未来将被应用的领域
而不是方法.
2.文中提出有些习惯未必会被改变,见第一段最后一句“Others do not think
that computers will replace our old ways of life.”和第三段最后一
句“Maybe computers won’t change these two habits”.
阅读理解（三）
阅读理解既理解文章的字面意思，也要理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态
度、意图等。做阅读理解题时，对不同的题型通常需用不同的方法。解答推理题
时需要注意这样两点：
第一：要依据事物的本质，而不是现象进行推断。
第二：要依据作者的思路和文章本身提供的事实，而不是读者自身经验和见解进
行推断。
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